2024



Genesis Cortez​
“Eroticizing the Sacred: Rosso Fiorentino’s Dead Christ and the Painterly Language of Artifice”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Ribner


Michaela Dehning​​
“Uncovering Narratives with Material Culture: ​Exploring New England Women’s Lives through the ​John Coney Sugar Box​”
First Reader: Moore
Second Reader: Williams


Isabella Dobson​
Folds: Female Sexuality in Artemisia Gentileschi’s Danaë
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Ribner


Zeynep Elliot​​
“Narratives Unbound: Challenging Stereotypes Through the Art of Women from the Middle East and North Africa”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Williams


Sarah Harper​​
“Farid Belkahia: Making a Moroccan Modernism”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Williams


Zimi Li​​
“The Artistic Encounter Between China and Latin America During the Cold War Period – A Study of Yuan Yunsheng’s Beijing Capital International Airport Mural Water-Splashing Festival: An Ode to Life
First Reader: Feng
Second Reader: Reyes


Kelsey Lutchman​ (AMNESP)
“Silenced Voices: Gendered Violence in Bernini’s Sculptures”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Ribner


Amy Malach​​
“The Art of Aging: Evaluating the Evidence of Old-Age Style in the Nineteenth Century and Beyond”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Williams


Marlo Morales​​
“Race and Revolution; Post-Revolutionary Racial Discourse in Cuba Through the Lens of Queloides​”
First Reader: Reyes
Second Reader: Williams


Bailey Pekar​​
“”Reflecting on Cornelis De Man’s Trompe L’Oeil Frame with Putti: Vanity and Vision through a Seventeenth-Century Mirror”​”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Atkins


Yutian Song​​
“Building Community: Field Studies of Alison and Peter Smithson and their Application in Design”
First Reader: Abramson
Second Reader: Alnajada


Graham Stopa​​
“Fashioning an Image: ​The Insignia, Textiles, and Arms of Nanna Olomu”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Clunis



2023



Claire Bellanger
“The Art of Exhibiting Assault: Revisionism in Titian: Women, Myth and Power at The Isabella Stewart Gardner Museum”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Hall


Amy DeLaBruere
“Henri Matisse’s Self-Portraits: Contemplating Selfhood, Performativity, and Evolving Identity”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Cranston


Rachel Griffith
“The Social Satire of Honoré Daumier and Félix Vallotton: Images of Crowds”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Barrett


Isabel Hagberg
“Confronting Christiaen van Couwenbergh’s 1632 Painting: The Rape of a Black Woman
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Ribner


Sarah Hagglund
“Competing with Nature Herself? Vittoria della Rovere, Giovanna Garzoni, and Gender in a Seventeenth-Century Kunstkammer
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Zell


E. Rosa Jang
“Imagining the Past, Touring the Colony: Kawase Hasui’s Eight Views of Korea
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Sunglim Kim


Joshua C. Johnson
“Like Flowers Beneath a Jackboot: Cadmus’s Queerness and Forster’s Beliefs”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Williams


Rachael Nelson
“Evaluating the Classification and Presentation of Etruscan Artifacts in North American Collections”
First Reader: Martin
Second Reader: Haenraets


Leah Olivo
“Curating Dominicanidad: The Racialized Visual Culture of Dominican National Identity”
First Reader: Reyes
Second Reader: Becker


Erin Rosengren
“Identity Portals: Reading Cultural Resistance in the Works of Raúl de Nieves at the Institute of Contemporary Art / Boston”
First Reader: Reyes
Second Reader: Williams


Caroline Strolic
“Absent Fathers and Absent Men: Eastman Johnson’s Writing to Father (1863) and the Effects of the Civil War on the Northern Family”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Moore


Jamie Rose Valera
“The Digital Era: The Crypto-Museum, A.I., and NFTs”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Reyes


Yifei Wang
“Brush of Resonance: Exploring Intelligentsia Interactions in Early Edo Kyoto Through The Ten Snow Incidents
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Feng


Adriana Weisdorfer
“”Pink is a Weapon of Mass Destruction”: Chicanx and Femme Aesthetics as Decolonial Tools in The Procession and Other Works by Yvette Mayorga”
First Reader: Reyes
Second Reader: Williams



2022



Toni Armstrong
“Samuel F. B. Morse’s The Goldfish Bowl (1835): Taste, Domesticity, and Early Nineteenth Century Fish-Keeping”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Moore


Claire K. Campbell
“”Palpable Modernity, Intimately Japanese“: Sakakura Junzō’s 1937 Japanese Pavilion and Its Foreign Criticisms”
First Reader: Tseng

Second Reader: Sichel


Alice P. Fung
“Camera of Resistance: Provoke and the Conceptual Apparatus of Postwar Japanese Photography”
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Sichel


Scarlett Hung
“Towards an Order of Non-standard: From Analog to Digital Concrete Shell Architecture”
First Reader: Abramson
Second Reader: Tseng


Hannah Jew
“Working From Home: The Rembrandt Domestic”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Cranston


Rachel Kline 
“Bravura in Blue: Ultramarine in the Works of Artemisia Gentileschi”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Zell


Isaline Anaïs Lefrançois
“A Tale of the Norman Conquest: The Role of Gifts in the Bayeux Embroidery”
First Reader: Kahn
Second Reader: Zell


Jillian Leigh Nichols 
“Inside Out: The Strange Made Familiar in Patricia Piccinini’s Grotesque Creatures”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Barrett


Yutong Shi
“A Global City on Display: The 2000 Shanghai Biennale”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Tseng


Morgan Snoap
“Motifs in Motion: Fes Belts (Ahzima) and Moroccan Design Innovation in the Early Modern Mediterranean World”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Barrett


Ateret Sultan-Reisler
“Autonomy and Leisure: George Bellows’s Urban Waterfront”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Sichel



2021



Shannon Bewley
“Mary Miss, Suzanne Harris, and Alice Aycock: Sculptors in ‘Crummy Spaces”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Abramson


Ziwei Che
“The Dacian Sculptures in the Forum of Trajan”
First Reader: Kleiner
Second Reader: Martin


Jasmine Shevell
“The Roman Fresco at Tel Dor”
First Reader: Martin
Second Reader: Kleiner


Rachel Hannah Stewart
“Renowned to Moré: Ambrosius Bosschaert and Flower Still Life in the Context of Seventeenth-Century Dutch Globalization”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Ribner


Bryan Stringer
“Salubrity and Design: Olmsted’s Parks Along the Emerald Necklace”
First Reader: Abramson
Second Reader: Bluestone



2020



Candice Marie Driver
“Affinities to Music in Whistler’s Artworks”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Cranston


Colleen Catherine Foran
“The Beautyful Ones are Born Building an Arts Ecosystem in Contemporary Accra”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Williams


Katherine Dulles Mitchell
“Eugène Atget’s Parisian Riverscapes”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Ribner


Francesca E. Soriano
“Ecological Aesthetics: Anne Brigman’s Long Beach Photographs”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Sichel


Heather Marie Walker
“Beyond Still-Life: The Curious Case of the Paston Treasure”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Cranston


Myriam Isabel Walter
“Exercises in Color: Sonia Delaunay’s Fashion and Fabric Business in the 1920s”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Ribner


Anna Zell
“Staging Interactions Between Figures of Power: Jean-Léon Gérôme’s Depiction of the Ancien Régime”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Zell



2019



Hannah Gadbois
“Aleksandr Rodchenko & Vladimir Mayakovsky’s Pro Eto and the Struggle of the Artist in the Soviet Union, 1917-1930”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Williams


Xiaoqi Huang
“The Stony Brush: Investigation of Stele School’s Inter-media Influences in Jin Nong’s Caligraphy and Painting”
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Huang


Allison Smith
“The Cultural Significance of the Intangible to the Tangible Representations of Roger Willliams in the Built Environments”
First Reader: Haenraets
Second Reader: Cranston


Evan Smith
“The Afterlife of Action: Photography, Collage, and Drawing in the Age of Gunter Brus and the Vienna Actionists”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Sichel



2018



Rachel Bonner
“A Vocabulary for the Ineffable: Strategies of Experimental Literature in the Work of Doris Salcedo”
First Reader: Reyes
Second Reader: Borinsky


Ann Cannon
“Distorted Impressions and the Art of Exaggeration: Monet’s Caricatures ”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Sichel


Carol Fabricant
“Making the Monumental Miniature: Architecture and Ornament in the French Renaissance Dessins d’orfevrerie Print Series ”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Ribner


I Hsuan Huang
Reshaping Taiwanese Identity through National Museums and Their ”
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Hall


Claire Kinder
“Pop-up Metropolis: Transportable Civilization and Albert Bierstadt’s Expandable Railcar”
First Reader: Moore
Second Reader: Barrett


Anna Kolesova
“Thawing Socialist Realism; Reformist Practices of the Severe Style Artists and Their Legacy, 1953-1982”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Sichel


Mary Morgan Williamson
“Out of the Shadows: Katsushika Oi and her Paintings of Women”
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Frederick



2017



Bailey Benson
“Munificence in the High Empire: The City Gate of Plancia Magna in Perge”
First Reader: Kleiner
Second Reader: Martin


Hannah Braun
“Virtue and Vice: New York City, Prostitution and Commodity in the Work of John Sloan”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Moore


Kimber Chewning
“Material Girl: Queer Vision, Temporal Dissonance, and Haptic Repair in the Vernacular Photo Album, Martina Kubelk: Kleider – Unterwäsche
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Sichel


Aaron Cotton
“Problems of Provenance: The Impact of UNESCO’s 1970 Convention on the Euphronios Krater and the Weary Herakles from Perge”
First Reader: Hall
Second Reader: Martin


Rachel Kase
“Domestic Interiors, Global Concerns: Women and Asian Trade Goods in Seventeenth-Century Dutch Genre Painting”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Cranston


Travis Kniffin
“New Homes and The New West: Robert Adams and the Visual Culture of Real Estate in Colorado Springs”
First Reader: Barrett
Second Reader: Sichel


Cara Wolahan
“The Theology of Darkness: Caravaggio’s Images of Religious Conversion”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Cranston



2016



Joy Xiao Chen
“Ambiguity, Loss, Nostalgia: Representing Female Zhiqing in Post-Cultural Revolution China”
First Reader: Bai
Second Reader: Tseng


Hyunjin Cho
“Claiming Legitimacy as a Traditional Monarch of Iran: Qajar Postage Stamps of Nasir al-Din Shah 1868-1896”
First Reader: Fetvaci
Second Reader: Tseng


Alexander Ciesielski
“Past, Present, Parade: Classical Inflections of a Cubist Ballet”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Williams


Tierney Dickinson
“Ivory Crosses and the Image of Synagoga Transformed”
First Reader: Kahn
Second Reader: Backman


Kelley Foley
“Inspired by a Nation: Felice Beato in Japan, 1863-1884”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Tseng


Stephanie Keating
“Marketing the Revolution: GRAV and A Day in the Street
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Reyes


Kolodkin, Lauren
“A Hand to God: Spirituality and the Self in the Michael and Julie Hall Collection of American Folk Art”
First Reader: Moore
Second Reader: Williams



2015



Tina Barouti
“”Qui a Tué Qui” and “Who is Omar D?”: Photographing Algeria’s Post-War Culture of Anxiety in Devoir de Mémoire”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Sichel


Natalia Bogatschow
“e-Flux: Art, Control, and the Internet”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Hall


Angelica Bradley
“Mexican Good Taste: A Dialogue of Power Relations and the Female Body in Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Century Mexico”
First Reader: Reyes
Second Reader: Ribner


Stephen Matthew Burges
“Ottoman Costume and Class: Evidence for the Sub-imperial Textile Market in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries”
First Reader: Fetvaci
Second Reader: Kleiner


Kelsey Gustin
“”The Most Unmanly, the Most Unheroic, the Most Unsatisfactory Examples of Art and Feeling”: The Civil War Paintings of George Cochran Lambin (1830-1896)”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Morgan


Bridget Hanson
“Visualizing Violence in Marevna’s Wartime Cubist Paintings”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Ribner


Olivia J. Kiers
“The Deadly Spectacle: Experiencing World War I through Woodcuts of Félix Vallotton”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Sichel


Stacey Leonard
“To Every Time Its Art, to Every People Their Philosophy: The Influence of Modern German Pholosophy on Gustav Klimt’s Secessionist Paintings”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Williams


David Silvernail
“The Reproduction and Dissemination of Della Robbia in Boston around 1900”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Morgan


Samuel Toabe
“Experiencing Surrealism: The Exposition Internationale du Surréalisme”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Williams


Audrey Williams
“The Lives of Pierre Huyghe’s Works: Individual and Collective Cosmopolitan”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Sichel


Alexandria Yen
“One Figure, Two Figure, Red Figure, Black Figure: Herakles versus the Triton and Sixth Century Black-Figure Aesthetics”
First Reader: Kleiner
Second Reader: Martin


Feier Ying
“The Value of Tradition in a Transitional time: A case study of the Dianshizhai Huabao’s Materiality and Visual Elements”
First Reader: Bai
Second Reader: Tseng



2014



Kathryn Babbs
“Filling the Gaps: Jesuits, Jahangir, and the CMA Mir’At al-Quds”
First Reader: Fetvaci
Second Reader: Moore


Beatrice Chan
“Transmitting Cultural Heritage: The National Palace Museum’s Role in International Cultural Politics”
First Reader: Hall
Second Reader: Bai


Heidi Effenberger
“Reading Between the Registers: Balboa Park’s California Building and the Construction of San Diego’s Identity in the Early 20th Century”
First Reader: Morgan
Second Reader: Reyes


Tessa Hite
“Occupied Paris: Photographs by Andre’ Zucca and Roger Schall”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Williams


Emily Izer
“King Job: Carolingian and Ottonian Political Theory and Its Effects on the Iconography of Job”
First Reader: Kahn
Second Reader: Kleiner


Jordan Karney
“Political Statements: Unpacking the Politics of Lawrence Weiner’s Early Conceptual Art”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Hills


Keith Kauppila
“Benjamin Russell: Whaleman-Artist and Entrpreneur ”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Morgan


Holly Moye
“Rembrandt’s Women on the Threshold”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Ribner


Amanda Ouellette
“Apprehension and Exchange: The Representation of the Japanese Kimono in Seventeenth Century Dutch Art”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Tseng


Michelle Wilson
“The Most Interesting Sculptured High Crosses of Cambridge: The Celtic Cross Monuments of Mount Auburn Cemetary”
First Reader: Kahn
Second Reader: Hall



2013



Iris Cahill
“Soldiering On: G.I. Joe Action Soldier Masterpiece Edition and the Collector Culture”
First Reader: Moore
Second Reader: Williams


Emma Clute
“Architectural and Experimental Space in the Casa della Fortuna: A Case Study Applying the Methodologies of Bergmann and Allison”
First Reader: Kleiner
Second Reader: Martin


Carolyn Corrigan
“Reinterpreting Edmonia Lewis: Indian Combat and The Representatil of Native Americans in the Nineteenth Century”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Moore


Jeffery De Blois
“Becoming “Palermo”: The Repetition and Emulation of Beuysian Motifs in Blinky Palermo’s Objekte
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Cranston


Carrie Dedon
“Scientists, Housewives, and Sex Objects: Gelatin and the Many Roles of 1960s American Women”
First Reader: Moore
Second Reader: Williams


Elisa Germán
“FUNNY BUSINESS: Consumerism, Humor, and Critique in the Grafik des Kapitalistischen Realismus
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Ribner


Ariel Green
“Martyr, Satyr, Slave: Figures under the sign of Laocoön
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Zell


Betsy Griffin
“Agostino Chigi’s Villa As Picture Gallery”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader:


Qiao Hu
“Masquerade and Portraying China: From Boucher’s Second La Tenture Chinoise Series to Yongzheng’s Costume Portraits”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Kleiner


Adrienne Jacobson
“The Mystical Machine: Otto Piene’s Light Art in West Germany, 1957-1966”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Ketner II


Tara Keny
“Literature in Ivory A Châtelaine de Vergi Casket at the Metropolitan Museum of Art”
First Reader:Kahn
Second Reader: Fetvaci


Alexandra Kittle
“”Low” Culture as High Art: Critical Response to Controversial Exhibitions and the Legacy of Alfred Barr at the Museum of Modern Art”
First Reader: Hall
Second Reader: Williams


Mingqian Liu
“Preserving “Old Beijing”: the City’s Central Axis and its Applcation for UNESCO World Hertiage Site”
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Bai


Abigael MacGibeny
“From Sketch to Finish: Delacroix’s Art Theory and Practice in Scenes from the Massacre of Chios (1824) and Lion Hunt (1855) ”
First Reader: Ribner
Second Reader: Hills


Sarah Miller
“Domination and Packaging: Photographs in Charles de Tolnay’s Michelangelo”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Cranston


Julia Neal
“Racial Imaginings: Harriet Cany Peale’s Her Mistress’s Clothes
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Moore


Rachel Flood Page
“Three Hebrews in the Fire: An Iconogrphic and Stylistic Study of the Plaque with Three Worthies in the Firey Furnace in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston”
First Reader: Kahn
Second Reader: Tseng


Abigail Romanul
“Expressions of a Collector: Barnes Storming Paris and the Paintings of Chaim Soutine”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Hall


Althea Ruoppo
“Aesthetic Adaptation and Negotiation: Otto Dix’s Allegorical Paintings in Dialogue with Walter Benjamin”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Ribner



2012



Henry Joyce
“Public Club? Commercialization and Feminization in the Algonquin Clubhouse, 1885-1919”
First Reader: Hall
Second Reader: Morgan


Catherine Kozelka
“The Photographic Review of Midicine and Surgery: Aesthetic Roots, Scientific, Aspirations and the Fascination with the Abnormal Early Medical Photography”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Hills


Shayna Nestor
“The Art of Comedy on the Portal of San Miguel de Uncastillo”
First Reader: Kahn
Second Reader: Williams


Mary Papows
“Tintoretto’s Queen of Sheba: Orienting the Holy Lands in Sixteenth Century Venice”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Fetvaci



2011



Laura Ayad
“Sacred Borderlands of the Nile: The Role of Royal Patronage in Greco-Roman and Meroitic Temple Commissions in Upper Egypt and Meroe from the 3rd Century B.C. to the 1st Century A.D.”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader:Bard


Joshua Basseches
“The Universal Expositions in Paris of 1867 and 1889 and their Impact on Late 19C American Painting”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Ribner


Mia Čančarević
“The Nature of the Free and Un-free Woman in Ancient Athens: Considering the status of women in scenes of eros”
First Reader: Kleiner
Second Reader: Westervelt


Jacquelyn Canevari
“William Klein and the Photographic Book”
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Williams


Yue Hu
“Xu Bing’s Art of Characters: From the Elite to the People”
First Reader: Bai
Second Reader: Tseng


Gina Iacobelli
“Identities in Flux: Globalization and the Construction of Subjectivities in the Work of Dias & Riedweg”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Hills


Jeong Hye Kim
“The Space of Experience: The Intellectual Sources of Frank Lloyd Wright’s Organic Architecture”
First Reader: Morgan
Second Reader: Sewell


Erin Nolan
“The Ottoman Self-image: Multi-culturalism and the Photograph in Les Costumes Populaires de la Turque en 1873
First Reader: Sichel
Second Reader: Fetvaci


Alexandra Polemis
“Henry Louis Stephens and the Iconography of Emancipation in The Slave in 1863
First Reader: Hills


Laura Thiel
“Vermeer’s Exceptions and The Art of Painting: Framing Images of Science, Gender, and Art”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Cranston


Rachel Tolano
“”Becoming Public Property”: Representations of Frederick Douglass in Nineteenth-Century Visual Culture”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Sichel



2010



Christina An
“Love Letters to Art: Vermeer’s Epistolary Works as Meditations on Representation”
First Reader: Zell
Second Reader: Ribner


Hannah Blunt
“”He Shall Cut Pathways East and West”: The Landscapes of Edward Mitchell Bannister”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Morgan


Lynn Cooney
“Between Erotic Fantasy and Ancestral Memory: The Photography of Rotimi Fàní-Káyòdé”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Williams


Jamie DeAngelo
“Staging Authority: Presentations of Zulu Kings in the Early Colonial Period, 1835-1873”
First Reader: Becker
Second Reader: Wylie


Jenny Ernst
“Nordic Classicism in Denmark, 1910-1926: The Culmination of a Nineteenth-Century Danish Neoclassical Heritage”
First Reader:
Second Reader:


Melanee Harvey
“Benny Andrews and The Revival Series: Making the Black Southern Protestant Church Visible”
First Reader: Hills
Second Reader: Morgan


Amy Huang
“The Life and Collecting Practice of a Courtier: Gao Shiqi (1645-1704) and his Art Collection”
First Reader: Bai
Second Reader: Tseng


Lili Mugnier
“Belle Donne: Sanctioned Sexuality”
First Reader: Cranston
Second Reader: Ribner


Sarah Parrish
“Looking Both Ways: Takashi Murakami’s Eyes”
First Reader: Tseng
Second Reader: Williams


Natania Remba
“Zones of Contact: The Transformation of Cuba’s Artistic Production and Practices from the Special Period to the Era of Globalization”
First Reader: Williams
Second Reader: Hills


Deborah Stein
“Franklin Webster Smith: An Unsung Pioneer of American City Planning”
First Reader: Morgan
Second Reader: Hills


Jing Sun
“Garden of Poetry and Painting: A Case Study of Paintings of Juan Garden
First Reader: Bai
Second Reader: Tseng


Deanna Deanna
“Cultural Crises and Historic Houses: The Paul Revere House and Broadhearth and their Relevance in the Early 20th Century”
First Reader: Morgan
Second Reader: Hall