Graduate Prerequisites: at least one philosophy course or one earth & environment course. - Examines philosophical and methodological issues arising in the geosciences, from reconstructing events in deep time, proxy data, and the catastrophism-uniformitarianism debate, to analog and computer simulation modeling, and the Anthropocene debate, drawing examples from geology, archaeology, paleontology, and climate science. Effective Summer 2026, this course fulfills a single requirement in each of the following BU Hub areas: Critical Thinking, Philosophical Inquiry and Life's Meanings, Social Inquiry 1.

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