By Maureen Heydt and Daniel M. Schydlowsky The Latin American economy has been devastated by the COVID-19 pandemic, with the International Monetary Fund estimating that around 17 million people have fallen into poverty since the start of the crisis. Beyond the COVID-19 crisis, Latin America’s economic growth and financial stability is also imperiled by climate risks, involving […]
For over a year now, the COVID-19 pandemic has strained governments, economies and public health to within breaking point. In South America alone, there have been over 25 million recorded cases of COVID-19 and 679,376 deaths, with an outbreak in Brazil that is the third largest in the world. Amid this great human and economic […]
By Yan Wang China’s economic growth and development over the past 40 years has been remarkable, lifting over 700 million people out of poverty. However, this growth has come with huge costs to the environment and a resultant loss in productivity. According to the World Bank Group, if China could shift to a greener growth […]
By Steffen Murau, Fabian Pape and Tobias Pforr The view that the international monetary system is hierarchical has become increasingly common in International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship. Yet the nature, shape, and origin of this hierarchy often remain vague, as assessments vary considerably based on the analytical starting point. For example, is it a hierarchy […]
On the eve of the COVID-19 crisis, the global financial safety net (GFSN) boasted more liquidity resources than at any other point in history. As the global economy entered into free fall due to the economic effects of the pandemic and efforts to stop the spread of COVID-19, both casual observers and experts were convinced […]
By Rachel Thrasher The COVID-19 pandemic has brought the existing challenges of equitable access to affordable medicines into sharp relief. With almost 3 million deaths globally, every country in the world is dealing with an unprecedented disease burden on the health care system, the economic impacts of mandated public and private sector shut-downs and increasingly […]
The world was unprepared for COVID-19, despite other recent coronavirus outbreaks and despite multiple warnings from the World Health Organization (WHO) and others. Although there was an initial sharing of research among scientists and an unleashing of significant public, charitable and private funding to develop, test and expand manufacturing capacity of new COVID-19-related medicines, vaccines […]
Since ascending to the World Trade Organization (WTO) in 2001, China has focused extensively on increasing protection for intellectual property rights (IPRs). Additionally, in 2019, China signed a Phase One trade agreement with the United States to accelerate that process even more. These heightened intellectual property rules are beyond what is required by the WTO’s […]
All of the US Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) signed in the past 20 years have required trading partners to enact stronger intellectual property (IP) laws than those stipulated by the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS Agreement), provisions commonly referred to as “TRIPS-Plus.” This includes trade agreements made […]
By Michael Palmedo All United States Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) signed in the past 20 years have required trading partners to enact intellectual property (IP) laws that are stronger than those required by the World Trade Organization’s Agreement on Trade Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS). In pharmaceutical markets, these “TRIPS-Plus” rules enhance the […]