Tag: Wirtz

Out-of-Pocket Expenditure on Medicines in Bangladesh: An Analysis of the National Household Income and Expenditure Survey, 2016-17

One of the most important concerns in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) is increasing out-of-pocket healthcare expenditure (OOPE) made by households. OOPE is the amount of money paid by households to purchase health services and medicines to address a healthcare need. Healthcare costs are among the largest barriers to accessing health services and achieving universal […]

A Pathway Forward: 3 Priorities for WTO Members Ahead of MC12

By Rachel Thrasher, Veronika Wirtz and Warren Kaplan At the World Trade Organization’s (WTO) 12th Ministerial Conference from June 12-15 in Geneva, Switzerland, trade ministers and other senior officials will gather to discuss the future of the international trading system. Many members view this long-delayed conference as a sign of whether the WTO as an […]

The Social Costs of Success: The Impact of World Trade Organization Rules on Insulin Prices in Bangladesh upon Graduation from Least Developed Country Status

In 2021, the United Nations Committee on Development Policy adopted a resolution that Bangladesh would graduate from least developed country (LDC) status after a period of five years. As a result, Bangladesh will have to forego its exemption to intellectual property (IP) provisions of the World Trade Organization (WTO) by 2026. As an LDC, Bangladesh […]

Pharmaceutical Industry-led Partnerships Focused on Addressing the Global Burden of Non-communicable Diseases: A Review of Access Accelerated

Global health partnerships have been growing in popularity, with many of these partnerships led by biopharmaceutical companies focusing on non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Along the way, these partnerships have faced both internal and external challenges, from lack of clarity of partner’s roles and responsibilities to a lack of harmonization.  A journal article in Public Health  by […]

Impacts of Intellectual Property Provisions in Trade Treaties on Access to Medicine in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic Review

Intellectual property (IP) provisions in free trade agreements (FTAs) ensure protection for the creation or invention of artistic works and goods, the creation or invention of which sometimes required, as in the case of medicines, high sunk cost in the form of investment in research and development. However, this protection creates a monopoly market for […]

The Access Observatory Report 2019: Establishing the Foundation for Shared Learning

In 2015, UN member states agreed on the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) as a roadmap for a more sustainable and prosperous future. The SDGs recognize the specific responsibility of the private sector in helping achieve these goals. Part of this responsibility involves documenting private sector contributions in a methodologically sound and transparent manner. The pharmaceutical […]

Can Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Policies Make a Difference in Promoting Equitable Access to Affordable Medicines? From Diagnosis to Sustainable Impact

The 2015 Pharmaceutical Pricing and Reimbursement Information (PPRI) Conference presented major challenges in achieving equitable access to affordable medicines not just in low- and middle-income countries but also in high-income countries. This included innovative medicines such as sofosbuvir, used to treat Hepatitis C, whose planned market entry hit public payers of high-income countries unprepared. As […]