Tag: international monetary system

Why is the International Monetary System Hierarchical?

By Steffen Murau, Fabian Pape and Tobias Pforr The view that the international monetary system is hierarchical has become increasingly common in International Political Economy (IPE) scholarship. Yet the nature, shape, and origin of this hierarchy often remain vague, as assessments vary considerably based on the analytical starting point. For example, is it a hierarchy […]

The Evolution of the Offshore US-Dollar System: Past, Present and Four Possible Futures

Today’s era of financial globalization is characterized by an unprecedented expansion of global financial flows. Partly, these flows form the counterpart to global value chains and the globalization of trade in goods and services. In the last few decades, however, they have been increasingly decoupled from the real sector. The financial infrastructure that enables this […]

The Currency Composition of Foreign Exchange Reserves

The US dollar continues to dominate the international monetary and financial system, but it plays an outsized role that puzzles many scholars. In fact, the US share of both world gross domestic product (GDP) and global trade has declined post-war. However, some recent work on the dollar has looked beyond the US economy to the […]