Statistics and probability. Maximizing multiplicity and concept of equilibrium. Energy, entropy, and the laws of thermodynamics. Boltzmann and Gibbs entropy formulas. Thermodynamic driving forces and free energy. Maxwell relations. Partition functions for atoms, molecules, and solids. Fluctuations and the heat capacity. Chemical equilibrium. Liquids, solutions, and mixtures. Polymers and biopolymers. Microscopic theories of diffusion and reaction. Three hours lecture, one hour discussion.

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