James Bessen

James Bessen

Lecturer

Executive Director, Technology & Policy Research Initiative
Director and Founder, Research on Innovation

AB, Harvard College


Biography

James Bessen, an economist and technologist, serves as Executive Director of the Technology & Policy Research Initiative at Boston University. He has also been a successful innovator and CEO of a software company.

Bessen studies the major economic impacts of technology on society (see New York Times profile), writing academic papers, magazine articles, and books. His latest book, The New Goliaths (Yale 2022), argues that major firms’ investments in proprietary software systems have allowed them to increase their dominance of industries, slowing aggregate innovation and raising income inequality. Earlier work with Michael Meurer on patents identified the social costs of poorly defined property rights (see Patent Failure, Princeton 2008), including the first evidence of damage from patent trolls. Bessen’s work on automation (see Learning by Doing, Yale 2015), both historical and current, provides a distinct analysis of effects on employment, skills, and wage inequality. Bessen’s work has been widely cited in the press as well as by the US White House and Supreme Court, the European Parliament, and the Federal Trade Commission.

Publications

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  • James Bessen, Erich Denk, Chen Meng & Michael J. Meurer, Do Salary History Bans Mitigate Discriminatory Hiring Practices? 76 Labor Law Journal (2025)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Maarten Goos, Anna Salomons & Wiljan van den Berge, Automatic Reaction - What Happens to Workers at Firms that Automate? 107 The Review of Economics and Statistics (2025)
    Scholarly Commons
  • Jennifer Hunt, Iain Cockburn & James Bessen, Is Distance from Innovation a Barrier to the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence? Institute of Labor Economics: Discussion Paper Series (2024)
    Scholarly Commons
  • Leo Sveikauskas, Rachel Soloveichik, Corby Garner, Peter B. Meyer, James Bessen & Matthew Russell, Marketing, Other Intangibles, and Output Growth in 61 United States Industries Review of Income and Wealth (2024)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, The New Goliaths: How Corporations Use Software to Dominate Industries, Kill Innovation, and Undermine Regulation (2022)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Stephen Michael Impink, Lydia Reichensperger & Robert Seamans, The Role of Data for AI Startup Growth 51 Research Policy (2022)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Information Technology and the New Capitalism, in Harnessing Digitalization for Sustainable Economic Development: Insights for Asia (2021)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Industry Concentration and Information Technology 63 Journal of Law & Economics (2020)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Maarten Goos, Anna Salomons & Wiljan van den Berge, Firm-Level Automation: Evidence from the Netherlands 110 AEA Papers and Proceedings (2020)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Maarten Goos, Anna Salomons & Wiljan van den Berge, Automation: A Guide for Policymakers (2020)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Automation and jobs: when technology boosts employment 34 Economic Policy (2019)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Alessandro Nuvolari, Diffusing New Technology Without Dissipating Rents: Some Historical Case Studies of Knowledge Sharing 28 Industrial and Corporate Change (2019)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, The Policy Challenge of Artificial Intelligence CPI Antitrust Chronicle (2018)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Alessandro Nuvolari, Knowledge Sharing Among Inventors: Some Historical Perspectives, in Revolutionizing Innovation: Users, Communities, and Open Innovation (Dietmar Harhoff and Karim R. Lakhani,2016)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Can Public Policy Influence Private Innovation? Emerging Trends in the Social and Behavioral Sciences (2015)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Learning by Doing: The Real Connection between Innovation, Wages, and Wealth (2015)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Toil and Technology: Innovative Technology is Displacing Workers to New Jobs Rather Than Replacing Them Entirely 52 Finance & Development (2015)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, The Anti-Innovators: How Special Interests Undermine Entrepreneurship 94 Foreign Affairs (2015)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Review of Industry and Revolution: Social and Economic Change in the Orizaba Valley, Mexico. by Aurora Gómez-Galvarriato 74 The Journal of Economic History (2014) (book review)
    Scholarly Commons
  • Michael J. Meurer & James Bessen, The Direct Costs from NPE Disputes 99 Cornell Law Review (2014)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Brian Love, Make the Patent “Polluters” Pay: Using Pigovian Fees to Curb Patent Abuse 4 California Law Review Circuit (2013)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, The Patent Litigation Explosion 45 Loyola University Chicago Law Journal (2013)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, The Private Costs of Patent Litigation 9 Journal of Law, Economics & Policy (2012)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James N. Bessen, A Generation of Software Patents 18 Boston University Journal of Science & Technology Law (2012)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, More Machines, Better Machines...Or Better Workers? 72 The Journal of Economic History (2012)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Jennifer Ford & Michael J. Meurer, The Private and Social Costs of Patent Trolls 34 Regulation (2012)
    Scholarly Commons
  • Michael J. Meurer & James Bessen, Patent Failure: How Judges, Bureaucrats, and Lawyers Put Innovators at Risk (2009)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Eric Maskin, Sequential Innovation, Patents, and Imitation 40 RAND Journal of Economics (2009)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, Of Patents and Property 31 Regulation (2009)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, What's Wrong with the Patent System? Fuzzy Boundaries and the Patent Tax 12 First Monday (2007)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Robert M. Hunt, An Empirical Look at Software Patents 16 Journal of Economics & Management Strategy (2007)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Open Source Software: Free Provision of Complex Public Goods, in The Economics of Open Source Software Development (Jürgen Bitzer & Philipp J.H. Schröder,2006)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, Patent Litigation with Endogenous Disputes 96 American Economic Review (2006)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen & Michael J. Meurer, Lessons for Patent Policy from Empirical Research on Patent Litigation 9 Lewis and Clark Law Review (2005)
    Scholarly Commons
  • Robert M. Hunt & James Bessen, The Software Patent Experiment 2004 Business Review (2004)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, Technology and Learning by Factory Workers: The Stretch-Out at Lowell, 1842 63 The Journal of Economic History (2003)
    Scholarly Commons
  • James Bessen, What Good is Free Software?, in Government Policy toward Open Source Software (2002)
    Scholarly Commons

In the Media

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  • Quartz April 20, 2026

    Every automation wave in history created more jobs than it destroyed. Will AI be different?

    James Bessen's research is mentioned.
    read more

  • CNN April 8, 2026

    The demise of software engineering jobs has been greatly exaggerated

    James Bessen is quoted.
    read more

  • The Alpena News March 11, 2026

    Legislation to ban salary history could reduce pay discrimination in Michigan

    James Bessen's research is mentioned.
    read more

  • Fixed + Floating - The Credit Podcast March 10, 2026

    Software Moats & Credit Risk

    James Bessen is interviewed.
    read more

  • Politico March 8, 2026

    Why Washington is hamstrung on protecting workers from AI

    James Bessen is quoted.
    read more

  • The Wall Street Journal February 27, 2026

    Tech Has Never Caused a Job Apocalypse. Don’t Bet on It Now.

    James Bessen is quoted.
    read more

  • HR Dive November 10, 2025

    Salary history bans shrink gender- and race-based pay gaps, researchers find

    James E. Bessen and Michael J. Meurer's work is featured.
    read more

  • Concordi conference of the European Commission September 25, 2025

    CONCORDi Day II – Scientific keynote

    James Bessen delivers a keynote address
    read more

  • Mail & Guardian May 1, 2024

    Workers and the Rise of the Algorithmic Boss

    James Bessen is featured.
    read more

  • Charter Works November 12, 2023

    What History Tells Us to Expect about the Future of AI and Automation

    James Bessen is quoted.
    read more

  • JD Supra August 17, 2023

    NAAG Hosts Antitrust Bootcamp: Antitrust Issues Related to Non-competes, AI and Healthcare

    James Bessen is mentioned.
    read more

  • Wall Street Journal June 29, 2023

    Big Tech’s Battle Royale Is Coming. The Winner? You.

    James Bessen is quoted.
    read more

  • Munk Debates Podcast June 19, 2023

    Munk Dialogue with James Bessen

    James Bessen is interviewed.
    read more

  • The New York Times May 20, 2023

    The Optimist’s Guide to Artificial Intelligence and Work

    James Bessen's research is referenced.
    read more

  • Financial Review May 16, 2023

    AI Won’t Kill Our Jobs, It Will Just Change Them

    James Bessen's research is mentioned.
    read more

  • View All Articles

Activities & Engagements

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Courses

LAW JD 773

Reproductive Justice Practicum

3 credits

The Reproductive Justice Practicum offers students the opportunity to engage in direct fieldwork addressing critical issues at the intersection of law, healthcare, and reproductive justice. Through partnerships with reproductive justice organizations, health clinics, advocacy groups, and legal organizations, students will develop practical legal skills while meaningfully contributing to the movement. Students can anticipate working on issues ranging from abortion access, maternal health equity, gender-affirming care, sex education, crisis pregnancy centers, and other pervasive issues communities face when accessing reproductive healthcare. The primary goals of the Reproductive Justice Practicum are to: (1) Understand and apply the reproductive justice framework to analyze legal and policy issues impacting reproductive healthcare access and bodily autonomy. (2) Develop practical legal and non-legal skills critical to reproductive justice advocacy. (3) Engage with community partners in culturally competent and trauma-informed ways. (4) Master the ability to critically analyze the intersections of race, class, gender, disability, and other identifies in reproductive health, law, and policy. (5) Contribute substantively to ongoing reproductive justice work in the field. Practicum fieldwork varies in both subject matter and skills development according to the goals of our community partners; however, students can anticipate engaging in any of the following: litigation, policy research and advocacy, legal research, public education, storytelling, and infrastructure/capacity building, among others. Under the Practicum director’s supervision, students will act as the lead attorneys on these projects and spend the semester establishing relationships with project partners, identify project goals, draft agreements, and execute projects. Through this process, students will develop professional identities, explore how they can most effectively show up for community partners, and better understand how to put into practice key principles of reproductive justice. NOTE: The Reproductive Justice Practicum counts towards the 6 credit Experiential Learning requirement. GRADING NOTICE: This course does not offer the CR/NC/H option.


FALL 2026: LAW JD 773 A1, Aug 31st to Dec 3rd 2026
Days Start End Credits Instructors Bldg Room
Thu 4:20 pm 6:20 pm 3 Sapna Khatri
SPRG 2027: LAW JD 773 A1, Jan 11th to Apr 21st 2027
Days Start End Credits Instructors Bldg Room
ARR 12:00 am 12:00 am 3 Sapna Khatri