Table 3
Miscellaneous inhibitors to NF-kB
| Inhibitor Molecule | Effect or point of inhibition | References |
| Azithromycin | Inhibited expression of CD40 and CD86 | Iwamoto et al, 2011 |
| Conophylline (Ervatamia microphylla) | Down regulated TNF-Receptors | Gohda et al, 2003 |
| MOL 294 (small molecule) | Redox regulated activation of NF-kB | Henderson et al, 2002 |
| PEDF (pigment epithelium derived factor) | ROS generation | Yamagishi et al, 2004 |
| Perrilyl alcohol | Calcium pathway | Berchtold et al, 2005 |
| MAST205 | TRAF6 binding | Xiong et al, 2004 |
| Rhein | MEKK activation of NF-kB | Martin et al, 2003′ Domagala et al, 2006 |
| 15-deoxy-prostaglandin J(2) | PPARg activation of NF-kB | Boyault et al, 2004 |
| Palmitoylethanolamide | PPARg activation of NF-kB | Genovese et al, 2008 |
| NSC697923 (small molecule) | ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme Ubc13-Uev1A | Pulvino et al, 2012 |
| Acute alcohol binge | Bcl-3 upregulation | Bala et al, 2012 |
| Antrodia camphorata extract | IkBa upregulation | Hsu et al, 2005 |
| apigenin (4′,5,7-trihydroxyflavone) | IkBa upregulation | Shukla & Gupta, 2004 |
| Aresenic trioxide | IkBa upregulation | Zhou et al, 2006 |
| beta-amyloid protein | IkBa upregulation | Bales et al, 1998 |
| Chromium Picolinate/ Histidinate | IkBa upregulation | Sahin et al, 2012 |
| Huang-lian-jie-du-tang | IkBa upregulation | Hsu et al,2008 |
| human breast milk | IkBa upregulation | Minekawa et al, 2004 |
| Fruit Essential oil (from Cinnamomum insularimontanum) | IkBa upregulation; IKK and NF-kB downregulation | Lin et al, 2008 |
| FOXO3 | IKK-β downregulation | Luron et al, 2012 |
| Surfactant protein A (SP-A) | IkBa upregulation | Wu et al, 2004 |
| DQ 65-79 (aa 65-79 of the alpha helix of the alpha-chain of the class II HLA molecule DQA03011) | IkBa upregulation and IKK inhibition | Jiang et al, 2002 |
| Cysteamine | IkBa upregulation and RelA donsregulation | Ozaki et al, 2007 |
| C5a | IkBa upregulation | Riedemann et al, 2003 |
| Down Syndrome candidate region 1 protein | IkBa upregulation | Kim et al, 2006 |
| Glucocorticoids (dexamethasone, prednisone, methylprednisolone) | IkBa upregulation | Auphan et al, 1995; Brostjan et al, 1996; Ray & Prefontaine, 1994; Scheinman et al, 1995; Fong et al, 2007 |
| IL-10 | IkBa upregulation/DNA binding | Ehrlich et al, 1998; Lentsch et al, 1997; Shames et al, 1998; Voboril & Weberova-Voborilova, 2007 |
| IL-13 | IkBa upregulation | Ehrlich et al, 1998; Lentsch et al, 1997; Manna & Aggarwal, 1998 |
| IL-11 | IKKa; IkBa,IkBb upregulation | Trepicchio & Dorner, 1998; Lgssiar et al, 2004 |
| Mycoepoxydiene | IkBa upregulation | Wang et al, 2012 |
| alpha-pinene | IkBa upregulation | Zhou et al, 2004 |
| NEF (HIV-1) | IkBa upregulation | Qiao et al, 2006 |
| Ometin | IkBa upregulation | Zhong et al, 2012 |
| R-etodolac | IkBa upregulation | Neri et al, 2006 |
| SR141716 | IkBa upregulation | Malfitano et al, 2007 |
| Vitamin D | IkBa upregulation | Cohen-Lahav et al, 2006 |
| Fox1j | IkBb upregulation | Lin et al, 2004 |
| NSP1 (rotavirus) | IkBa stabilizzation | Sherry et al, 2009 |
| Dioxin | RelA nuclear transport | Ruby et al, 2002 |
| Agastache rugosa leaf extract | Nuclear translocation | Oh et al, 2005 |
| Alginic acid | Nuclear translocation | Jeong et al, 2006 |
| Allopurinol | Nuclear translocation | Aldaba-Muruato et al, 2011 |
| Apilimod | Nuclear translocation | Billich, 2007 |
| Astragaloside IV | Nuclear translocation | Zhang et al, 2003 |
| Atorvastatin | Nuclear translocation | Haloui et al, 2003 |
| Azacitidine | Nuclear translocation | Khong et al, 2008 |
| Biaryl-based chalcones | Nuclear translocation | Zuo et al, 2012 |
| Biophytum sensitivum | Nuclear translocation | Guruvayoorappan & Kuttan, 2008 |
| Blue honeysuckle extract | Nuclear translocation | Jin et al, 2006 |
| BMD (N(1)-Benzyl-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine) | Nuclear translocation | Shin et al, 2005 |
| Buthus martensi Karsch extract | Nuclear translocation | Kim et al, 2005 |
| Canine Distemper Virus | Nuclear translocation | Friess et al, 2005 |
| Carbaryl | Nuclear translocation | Shimomura-Shimizu et al, 2005 |
| Captopril | Nuclear translocation | He et al, 2007 |
| Carnostic acid | Nuclear translocation | Yu et al, 2008 |
| Celastrol | Nuclear translocation | Pinna et al, 2004 |
| alpha-chaconine | Nuclear translocation | Shih et al, 2007 |
| Chiisanoside | RelA Nuclear translocation | Won et al, 2005 |
| CHS 828 | Nuclear translocation | Hassan et al, 2006 |
| Corilagin | Nuclear translocation | Zhao et al, 2008 |
| CP-1158 | Nuclear translocation | Kim et al, 2006 |
| Dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ) | Nuclear translocation | Chaicharoenpong et al, 2002; Katsman et al, 2007; Valera et al 2012 |
| 15-deoxyspergualin | Nuclear translocation | Hutchings et al, 2003 |
| Dipyridamole | Nuclear translocation | Weyrich et al, 2005 |
| Disulfiram | Nuclear translocation | Wang et al, 2003 |
| Diltiazem | Nuclear translocation; induced translocation of p50 dimers | Severa et al, 2005 |
| ERB-041 | Nuclear translocation | Xiu-Li et al, 2009 |
| Eriobotrya japonica triterpene acids | RelA nuclear translocation | Huang et al, 2007 |
| Eriocalyxin B | Nuclear translocation/DNA binding | Wang et al, 2006; Leung et al, 2006 |
| Estrogen enhanced transcript | Nuclear translocation | Jin et al, 2003 |
| Eutigoside C | Nuclear translocation | Lee et al, 2008 |
| FAK-related nonkinase | Nuclear translocation | Qin & Liu, 2006 |
| Florfenicol | Nuclear translocation | Zhang et al, 2008 |
| beta-funaltrexamine | Nuclear translocation | Davis et al, 2007 |
| Gangliosides | Nuclear translocation | Caldwell et al, 2003 |
| Glucorticoid-induced leucine zipper protein (GILZ) | Nuclear translocation | Riccardi et al, 2001 |
| Gymnocladus chinensis Baillon saponin | Nuclear translocation | Ma et al, 2007 |
| Harpagophytum procumbens (Devil’s Claw) extracts | Nuclear translocation | Kaszkin et al, 2004 |
| HDAC inhibitors sodium valproate, MS-275 | RelB nuclear translocation; DNA binding | Nencioni et al, 2007; Rao et al, 2007 |
| Heat shock protein 72 | Nuclear translocation | Meldrum et al, 2003 |
| Hirsutenone | Nuclear translocation | Kim et al, 2005 |
| Huanglian Jiedu concocotion (geniposide, baicalin, berberine) | Nuclear translocation | Yuan et al, 2008 |
| Indole-3-carbinol | Nuclear translocation | Rahman & Sarkar, 2005 |
| JM34 (benzamide derivative) | Nuclear translocation | Carbonnelle et al, 2005 |
| JSH-23 (4-Methyl- -(3-phenyl-propyl)-benzene-1,2-diamine | Nuclear translocation | Shin et al, 2004 |
| KIOM-79 (combined plant extracts) | Nuclear translocation | Jeon et al, 2006 |
| KL-1156 (6-Hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid phenylamide) | Nuclear translocation | Kim et al, 2004; Kwak et al, 2007 |
| Leptomycin B (LMB) | Nuclear translocation | Rodriguez et al, 1999 |
| Levamisole | Nuclear translocation | Liu et al, 2004 |
| Lidamycin | Nuclear translocation | Chen et al, 2007 |
| Lycopus lucidus Turcz | Nuclear translocation | Lee et al, 2007 |
| Magnolia ovovata extract | Nuclear translocation | Tanaka et al, 2007 |
| MEB (2-(4-morpholynl) ethyl butyrate hydrochloride) | Nuclear translocation | Soderberg et al, 2004 |
| Methimazole | Nuclear translocation | Crescioli et al, 2007 |
| MNF (IkB-like Myxoma virus) | Nuclear translocation | Camus-Bouclainville et al, 2004 |
| Montelukast | Nuclear translocation; p65 HAT acitvity | Wu et al, 2006; Tahan et al, 2008 |
| NLS Cell permeable peptides (SN50) | Nuclear translocation | Lin et al, 1995 |
| NSA9 (prothrombin fragment) | Nuclear translocation | Kim et al, 2008 |
| 2′,8″-biapigenin | RelA nuclear translocation | Woo et al, 2006 |
| Divaricate saposhnikovia root | RelA nuclear translocation | Ge et al, 2007 |
| Fineleaf schizonepeta herb | RelA nuclear translocation | Ge et al, 2007 |
| Glimperide | RelA nuclear translocation | Jojima et al, 2008 |
| Nucling | RelA nuclear translocation | Liu et al, 2004 |
| o,o’-bismyristoyl thiamine disulfide (BMT) | Nuclear translocation | Shoji et al, 1998 |
| Oregonin | RelA nuclear translocation | Lee et al, 2005 |
| γ-Oryzanol (γ-ORZ) | Nuclear translocation | Sakai et al, 2012 |
| Fermented Oyaksungisan (OY) | Nuclear translocation | Oh et al, 2012 |
| 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-d-glucose | RelA nuclear translocation | Kang et al, 2005 |
| Pergolide | Nuclear translocation | Uberti et al, 2004 |
| Platycodi radix extract | RelA nuclear translocation | Lee et al, 2004 |
| Phallacidin | Nuclear translocation | Papakonstanti & Strounaras, 2004 |
| Pimecrolimus | Nuclear translocation | Buchau et al, 2008 |
| Piperine | Nuclear translocation | Pradeep & Kuttan, 2004 |
| Pitavastatin | Nuclear translocation | Wang et al, 2006 |
| PN-50 | Nuclear translocation | Letoha et al, 2005 |
| POP2 | Nuclear translocation | Bedoya et al, 2007 |
| Pravastatin | Nuclear translocation | Gu et al, 2007 |
| Probiotics | RelA nuclear translocation | Bai et al, 2004 |
| Propofol | Nuclear translocation | Jawan et al, 2008; He et al, 2008 |
| RelA peptides (P1 and P6) | Nuclear translocation | Takada et al, 2004 |
| Retinoic acid receptor-related orphan receptor-alpha | Nuclear translocation | Migita et al, 2004 |
| Rhubarb aqueous extract | RelA nuclear translocation | Moon et al, 2005; Liu et al, 2008 |
| Rolipram | Nuclear translocation | Sanchez et al, 2005; Ikezoe et al, 2004; Herve et al, 2008 |
| Salvia miltiorrhoza Bunge extract | Nuclear translocation | Ding et al, 2005 |
| SC236 (a selective COX-2 inhibitor) | Nuclear translocation | Wong et al, 2003 |
| Selenomethionine | Nuclear translocation | Cherukuri et al, 2005 |
| Sorafenib | Nuclear translocation | Echeverria et al, 2009 |
| Cornuside | RelA Nuclear translocation | Kang et al, 2007 |
| ShenQi compound recipe | RelA Nuclear translocation | Zhang et al, 2006 |
| Sophorae radix extract | Nuclear translocation | Kwon et al, 2004 |
| Sopoongsan | Nuclear translocation | Na et al, 2005 |
| Sphondin (furanocoumarin derivative from Heracleum laciniatum) | Nuclear translocation | Yang et al, 2002 |
| Src homology protein (SHP)-1 | Nuclear translocation | Wang et al, 2012 |
| TAT-SR-IkBa; MTS-SR-IkBa | Nuclear translocation | Blackwell et al, 2004; Mora et al, 2005 |
| Thymulin | Nuclear translocation | Dardenne et al, 2006 |
| Tongxinluo Supermicro Powder | Nuclear translocation | Wu et al, 2007; Bu et al, 2008 |
| Vaccinia virus (VACV) strain Western Reserve protein C4 | Nuclear translocation | Ember et al, 2012 |
| violaxanthin | RelA nuclear translocation | Soontornchaiboon et al, 2012 |
| Volatile anesthetic treatment | Nuclear translocation | Lee et al, 2004 |
| White currant | Nuclear translocation | Rajakangas et al, 2008 |
| Younggaechulgam-tang | Nuclear translocation | Shin et al, 2004 |
| ZUD protein | Activation of NF-kB; binds p105/RelA | Zhang et al, 2004 |
| ZAS3 protein | RelA nuclear translocation; DNA competition | Hong et al, 2003 |
| Clarithromycin | nuclear expression | Ichiyama et al, 2001 |
| Fluvastatin | nuclear expression | Azuma et al, 2004 |
| Leflunomide | RelA nuclear expression | Yao et al, 2004 |
| RASSF1A gene overexpression | RelA nuclear expression | Deng et al, 2005 |
| VGX-1027 | RelA nuclear expression | Mangano et al, 2008 |
| oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphorylcholine (OXPAPC) | RelA expression | Li et al, 2004 |
| 3C protease (Poliovirus) | RelA expression (cleavage) | Neznanov et al, 2005 |
| 5F (from Pteri syeminpinnata L) | RelA expression | He et al, 2005 |
| AT514 (serratamolide) | RelA expression | Escobar-Diaz et al, 2005 |
| Icariin | RelA expression | Xu et al, 2011 |
| Sorbus commixta cortex (methanol extract) | RelA expression | Sohn et al, 2005 |
| Astragalus membranaceus polysaccharide | NF-kB expression | Li et al, 2007 |
| Azithromycin | NF-kB expression | Zhang et al, 2007 |
| Cantharidin | NF-kB expression | He et al, 2005 |
| Cornus officinalis extract | NF-kB expression | Li et al, 2005 |
| Dan-shao-hua-xian | NF-kB expression | Wang & Cheng, 2008 |
| Gamboic acid | NF-kB expression | Wang et al, 2008 |
| Glycine | NF-kB expression | Laschke et al, 2007 |
| Glycyrrhizic acid | NF-kB expression | Afnan et al, 2012 |
| Korean mistletoe lectin | NF-kB expression | Khil et al, 2007 |
| Lycium seed oil | NF-kB expression | Jiang et al, 2007 |
| Meiduoluomi | NF-kB expression | Zhang et al, 2008 |
| Neomycin | NF-kB expression | Garcia-Trapero et al, 2004 |
| omapatrilat, enalapril, CGS 25462 | NF-kB expression | Pu et al, 2005 |
| Onconase (Ranpirnase) | NF-kB expression | Tsai et al, 2004 |
| Paeoniflorin | NF-kB expression | Liu et al, 2006 |
| Pouterin | RelA expression | Boleti et al, 2008 |
| Rapamycin | NF-kB expression | Lawrence et al, 2004 |
| Sargassum hemiphyllum methanol extract | NF-kB expression | Na et al, 2005 |
| Shenfu | NF-kB expression | Zhang et al, 2005; Wang et al, 2008 |
| Tripterygium polyglycosides | NF-kB expression | Zhou et al, 2005 |
| Triflusal | nuclear expression | Acarin et al, 2000 |
| Verbascoside | nuclear expression | Paola et al, 2011 |
| Zoledronic acid | RelB, c-Rel expression | Bringmann et al, 2007; Wypij et al, 2008 |
| Chlamydiae CT441 protease | Cleaves RelA | Lad et al, 2007, 2007a |
| HSCO (hepatoma protein) | Accelerates RelA nuclear export | Higashitsuji et al, 2002 |
| Andrographolide | Covlalent adduct with Cys-62 of p50 | Xia et al, 2004; Wang et al, 2007 |
| Selencotyanates | Covlalent adduct with Cys-62 of p50 | Chen et al, 2007 |
| Bee venom (melittin) | DNA binding by binding to p50 | Park et al, 2004; Moon et al, 2007 |
| Ethyl pyruvate | DNA binding by RelA thru Cys-38 | Han et al, 2004 |
| Abies georgei extracts | DNA binding | Yang et al, 2008 |
| 25-acetylcimigenol xylpoyranoside (from Black cohosh) | DNA binding | Qiu et al, 2007 |
| 1′-acetoxychavicol acetate | DNA binding | Ito et al, 2005 |
| 2-acetylaminofluorene | DNA binding | Kang et al, 2004; Jeon et al, 1999 |
| Actinodaphine (from Cinnamomum insularimontanum) | DNA binding | Hsieh et al, 2004 |
| Adiponectin | DNA binding | Ajuwon & Spurlock, 2004; Wu et al, 2007 |
| ADP ribosylation inhibitors (nicotinamide, 3-aminobenzamide) | DNA binding | Le Page et al, 1998 |
| AIM2 (Absent In Melanoma protein) overexpression | DNA binding | Chen et al, 2006 |
| Albaconol | DNA bindng | Liu et al, 2008 |
| Moderate alcohol intake | DNA binding | Mandrekar et al, 2006 |
| 7-amino-4-methylcoumarin | DNA binding | Kurokawa et al, 2003 |
| Amrinone | DNA binding | Chanani et al, 2002 |
| Angelicae Gigantis Radix extract | DNA binding | Kil et al, 2008 |
| Angiopoietin-1 | DNA binding | Jeon et al, 2003 |
| Anthocyanins (soybean) | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2006; Karlsen et al, 2007 |
| Anti-Neu antibody + paclitaxel | DNA binding | Yin et al, 2007 |
| (S)-armepavine | DNA binding | Liu et al, 2007 |
| Arnica montana extract (sequiterpene lactones) | DNA binding | Kos et al, 2005 |
| Artemisinin | DNA binding | Aldieri et al, 2003; Wang et al, 2006 |
| Artepillin C | DNA binding | Paulino et al, 2008 |
| Artesunate | DNA binding | Li et al, 2008 |
| Arzanol | DNA binding | Appendino et al, 2007 |
| Atrial Natriuretic Peptide (ANP) | DNA binding; IkBa upregulation | Gerbes et al, 1998; Kiemer et al, 2002 |
| Atrovastat (HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor) | DNA binding | Bustos et al, 1998; Hernandez-Presa et al, 1998 |
| Avocado-soybean unsaponifiables | DNA binding | Gabay et al, 2007 |
| AvrA protein (Salmonella) | DNA binding | Collier-Hyams et al, 2002 |
| Baicalein (5,6,7-trihydroxyflavone) | DNA binding | Suk et al, 2003 |
| Bambara groundnut (Vignea subterranean) | DNA binding | Na et al, 2004 |
| Benfotiamine (thiamine derivative) | DNA binding | Hammes et al, 2003 |
| beta-catenin | DNA binding | Deng et al, 2002 |
| beta-lapachone (a 1,2-naphthoquinone) | DNA binding; IKKb | Tzeng et al, 2003; Sumi & Kumagai, 2007 |
| Biliverdin | DNA binding | Yamashita et al, 2004 |
| Bisphenol A | DNA binding | Kim & Jeong, 2003 |
| Bitter groud | DNA binding | Kobori et al, 2008 |
| Bovine serum albumin | DNA binding | Zhang & Frei, 2002 |
| Brazilian green propolis | DNA binding | Bae et al, 2005; Paulino et al, 2006 |
| Bromelain | DNA binding; proteolysis of TNF, IL-1 | Hou et al, 2006; Huang et al, 2008; Chobotova et al, 2010 |
| Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase (CaMKK) (and increased intracellular calcium by ionomycin, UTP and thapsigargin) | DNA binding | Chen et al, 2002 |
| Calcitriol (1a,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3) | DNA binding | Harant et al, 1998; Chung et al, 2007 |
| Campthothecin | DNA binding | Hentze et al, 2004 |
| Cancer bush (Sutherlandia frutescens) | DNA binding | Na et al, 2004 |
| Candesartan | DNA binding | Yu et al, 2007; 2007a |
| Cannabidiol | DNA binding | Esposito et al, 2006 |
| Caprofen | DNA binding | Bryant et al, 2003 |
| Capsiate | DNA binding | Sancho et al, 2002 |
| Carbocisteine | DNA binding | Yasuda et al, 2006 |
| Catalposide (stem bark) | DNA binding | Oh et al, 2002 |
| Cat’s claw bark (Uncaria tomentosa; Rubiaceae); Maca | DNA binding | Aguilar et al, 2002; Valerio & Gonzales, 2005 |
| CD43 overexpression | DNA binding (RelA) | Laos et al, 2004 |
| CDX2 | DNA binding | Mutoh et al, 2007 |
| Celecoxib and germcitabine | DNA binding; nuclear translocation | El-Rayes et al, 2004; Funakashi-Tago et al, 2008 |
| Changtai granule | DNA binding | Liu et al, 2007 |
| Cheongyeolsaseuptang | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2005 |
| Chitosan | DNA binding | Seo et al, 2003; Chen et la, 2008 |
| Chitooligosaccharides | DNA binding | Lin et al, 2006 |
| Cinnamaldehyde, 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde, 2-hydroxycinnamaldehyde | DNA binding/IKK | Reddy et al, 2004; Lee et al, 2005; Kim et al, 2007; Liao et al, 2008 |
| Chicory root (guaianolide 8-deoxylactucin) | DNA binding | Cavin et al, 2005 |
| Chlorophyllin | DNA binding | Yun et al, 2005 |
| Chondrotin sulfate from Styela clava tunic | DNA binding | Xu et al, 2008 |
| Chondrotin sulfate proteoglycan degradation product | DNA binding; nuclear translocation | Rolls et al, 2006; Jomphe et al, 2007 |
| Clarithromycin | DNA binding | Miyanohara et al, 2000 |
| Cloricromene | DNA binding | Ianaro et al, 2004 |
| CO-releasing molecules (CORM-2) | DNA binding | Sun et al, 2007 |
| Cocaethylene | DNA binding | Tacker et al, 2006 |
| Commerical peritoneal dialysis solution | DNA binding | Douvdevani et al, 1995 |
| Compounds K and Rh(2) (from Panax ginseng) | DNA binding/IKK | Park et al, 2005; Choi et al, 2007; Chang et al, 2007 |
| Cortex cinnamomi extract | DNA binding | Kwon et al, 2006 |
| CP Compound (6-Hydroxy-7-methoxychroman-2-carboxylic acid phenylamide) | DNA binding | Rak Min et al, 2005 |
| Cryptotanshinone | DNA binding | Zhou et al, 2005; Jeon et al, 2008 |
| Cyanoguanidine CHS 828 | DNA binding | Johanson et al, 2006 |
| Cytochalasin D | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2003 |
| DA-9201 (from black rice) | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2005 |
| Danshenshu (esp Salvionic acid B) | DNA binding | Jiang et al, 2001; Luo et al, 2008 |
| (kB site) Decoy oligonucleotides | DNA binding | Kupatt et al, 2002; Morishita et al, 1997 |
| Deoxypodophyllotoxin | DNA binding | Jin et al, 2008 |
| Diallyl trisulfide | DNA binding | Zhu et al, 2007 |
| Diamide | DNA binding | Toledano & Leonard, 1991 |
| Diarylheptanoid 7-(4′-hydroxy-3′-methoxyphenyl)-1-phenylhept-4-en-3-one | DNA binding | Yadav et al, 2003 |
| alpha-difluoromethylornithine (polyamine depletion) | DNA binding | Facchini et al, 2005 |
| S-diclofenac (2-[92,6-dichlorphenyl-amino]benzeneacetic acid 4-[3H-1,2,dithiol-3-thione-5-y) pheny ester) | DNA binding | Li et al, 2007 |
| 7,7′-dihydroxy bursehernin | DNA binding | Pokharel et al, 2006 |
| 3,3′-diindolymethane | DNA binding | Kong et al, 2007; Rahman et al, 2007 |
| DIM/13C | DNA binding | Li et al, 2005 |
| Dimemorfan | DNA binding | Wang et al, 2008 |
| Diterpenoids from Isodon rubescens or Liverwort Jungermannia | DNA binding | Leung et al, 2005; Kondoh et al, 2005 |
| Docetaxel (Taxotere) | DNA binding | Banerjee et al, 2007 |
| Dohongsamultang | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2007 |
| DTD (4,10-dichloropyrido[5,6:4,5]thieno[3,2- d’:3,2- d]-1, 2, 3-ditriazine) | DNA binding | Rioja et al, 2002 |
| Duchesnea indica extract | DNA binding | Zhao et al, 2008 |
| E1B (Adenovirus) | DNA binding | Limbourg et al, 1996 |
| E3330 (quinone derivative) | DNA binding | Hiramoto et al, 1998; Kimura et al, 1997 |
| Ellagic acid | DNA binding | Edderkaoui et al, 2008 |
| Emodin | DNA binding | Guo et al, 2012 |
| ent-kaurane diterpenoids (Croton tonkinensis leaves; Isodon excisus) | DNA binding | Giang et al, 2003; Hong et al, 2007 |
| Epinastine hydrochloride | DNA binding | Kanai et al, 2006 |
| (+)-Episesamin | DNA binding | Freise et al, 2011 |
| Epoxyquinol A (fungal metabolite) | DNA binding | Li et al, 2002 |
| Ergosterol peroxide, ergosterol, cervisterol (from Canthaellus cibarius) | DNA binding | Kobori et al, 2006; Kim et al, 2008 |
| Erythromycin | DNA binding/transactivation | Ren et al, 2004; Desaki et al, 2004 |
| Evans Blue | DNA binding | Sharma et al, 2004 |
| Evodiamine | DNA binding | Choi et al, 2006 |
| Fenoldopam | DNA binding | Aravindan et al, 2006 |
| Fexofenadine hydrochloride | DNA binding | Asano et al, 2004 |
| Fentanyl | DNA binding | Liu et al, 2006 |
| Fibrates | DNA binding | Hirano et al, 2002 |
| Fish oil feeding | DNA binding | Fan et al, 2004; Ma et al, 2007 |
| FK778 | DNA binding | Zeyda et al, 2005 |
| FLN29 overexpression | DNA binding | Mashima et al, 2005 |
| FLICE-Like Inhibitory Protein (FLIP) | DNA binding | Bannerman et al, 2004 |
| Flunixin meglumine | DNA binding | Bryant et al, 2003 |
| Flurbiprofen | DNA binding | Fratelli et al, 2003 |
| Flutamide | DNA binding | Shimizu et al, 2007 |
| fMLP (bacterial peptide) | DNA binding | Eswarappa et al, 2008 |
| Folimycin | DNA binding | Park et al, 2004 |
| Fomes fomentarius methanol extracts | DNA binding | Park et al, 2004 |
| Fucoidan | DNA binding | Haneji et al, 2005 |
| G-120 (Ulmus davidiana Nakai glycoprotein) | DNA binding; IkB increases | Son et al, 2004; Lee et al, 2005 |
| Gallic acid | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2005 |
| Ganoderic acid | DNA binding | Jiang et al, 2008 |
| Ganoderma lucidum (fungal dried spores or fruting body) | DNA binding | Sliva et al, 2002 |
| Garcinol (fruit rind of Garcinia spp) | DNA binding | Hong et al, 2005 |
| Gax (homeobox protein) | DNA binding | Patel et al, 2005 |
| Geranylgeraniol | DNA binding | Espindola et al, 2005 |
| Geranylgeranylacetone | DNA binding | Hayakawa et al, 2007 |
| Ghrelin | DNA binding | Li et al, 2004 |
| Gigantol (Cymbidium georingii) | DNA binding | Won et al, 2006 |
| Gingyo-san | DNA binding | Yeh et al, 2007 |
| Ginkgolide B | DNA binding | Nie et al, 2004 |
| Ginseng saponin 20-O-b-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol | DNA binding | Choo et al, 2008 |
| Glycyrrhizin | DNA binding | Wang et al, 1998; Yuan et al, 2006 |
| H4/N5 (IkB-like proteins of Microplitis demolitor bracovirus) | DNA binding | Thoetkiattikul et al, 2005 |
| Halofuginone | DNA binding | Leiba et al, 2006 |
| Heat (fever-like) | DNA binding | Salanova et al, 2005 |
| Helenalin (sesquiterpene lactone) | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2005 |
| Hematein (plant compound) | DNA binding | Oh et al, 2001 |
| Heparin | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2007 |
| Herbal compound 861 | DNA binding | You et al, 2001 |
| Hesperetin | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2006 |
| HIV-1 Resistance Factor | DNA binding | Lesner et al, 2005 |
| Hottuynia cordata Thunb extract | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2007 |
| Hyaluronan | DNA binding | Yasuda & Nakamura, 2007 |
| Hydroxyethyl starch | DNA binding | Tian et al, 2003; Feng et al, 2006 |
| Hydroxyethylpuerarin | DNA binding/Nucl Translocation | Lou et al, 2004; 2007; Ding et al, 2007 |
| Hypercapnic acidosis | DNA binding | Chonghaile et al, 2005 |
| Hypericin | DNA binding | Bork et al, 1999 |
| Hyperosmolarity | DNA binding | Lang et al, 2003 |
| Hypothermia | DNA binding | Hassoun et al, 2003 |
| Hydroquinone (HQ) | DNA binding | Pyatt et al, 1998 |
| ICP27 (HSV-1) | DNA binding | Melchjorsen et al, 2006 |
| Interleukin 4 (IL-4) | DNA binding | Manna & Aggarwal, 1998; Voboril & Weberova-Voborilova, 2007 |
| IkB-like protein A238L (encoded by ASFV) | DNA binding | Powell et al, 1996; Revilla et al, 1998 |
| Ilimaquinone | DNA binding | Lu et al, 1996 |
| Indoxam | DNA binding | Sonaki et al, 2008 |
| Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-3 | DNA binding | Williams et al, 2006 |
| Irisilidone | DNA binding | Park et al, 2006 |
| JNP3 | DNA binding | Yu et al, 2012 |
| JSH-21 (N1-Benzyl-4-methylbenzene-1,2-diamine) | DNA binding | Min et al, 2004 |
| Kamebakaurin | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2002 |
| Kaposi’s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus K1 protein | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2002 |
| Ketamine | DNA binding | Sun et al, 2004; Yu et al, 2007 |
| KT-90 (morphine synthetic derivative) | DNA binding | Sueoka et al, 1998 |
| Lactobacillus fermentum phospholipid | DNA binding | Frick et al, 2007 |
| Lichochalcone E | DNA binding | Chang et al, 2007 |
| Lignin | DNA bindin | Mitsuhashi et al, 2007 |
| Linoleic acid | DNA binding | Zhao et al, 2005; Cui et al, 2006 |
| Lithospermi radix | DNA binding | Chung et al, 2005 |
| Lovastatin | DNA binding | Sun & Fernandes, 2003 |
| Lornoxicam | DNA binding | Yin et al, 2008 |
| Lucidenic acid | DNA bindng | Weng et al, 2007 |
| Macrolide antibiotics | DNA binding | Nguyen et al, 2002 |
| Malloapelta B | DNA binding | Van Luu et al, 2006 |
| Mediterranean plant extracts | DNA binding | Stalinska et al, 2005 |
| Mercaptopyrazine | DNA binding | Lim et al, 2004 |
| 2-methoxyestradiol | DNA binding;
Transactivation |
Shimada et al, 2004; Takada et al, 2004 |
| 6-(Methylsulfinyl)hexyl isothiocyanate (Wasabi) | DNA binding;
Transactivation |
Uto et al, 2005 |
| Metals (chromium, cadmium, gold, lead, mercury, zinc, arsenic) | DNA binding/IKK | Shumilla et al, 1998; Yang et al, 1995; Zuscik et al, 2002; Momeny et al, 2009 |
| Mevinolin, 5′-methylthioadenosine (MTA) | DNA binding | Law et al, 1992 |
| Methylglyoxal | DNA binding | Laga et al, 2007 |
| Mirtazapine | DNA binding | Zhu et al, 2008 |
| Monomethylfumarate | DNA binding | Litjens et al, 2004 |
| Morphine | DNA binding | Liu et al, 2006; Lin et al, 2007 |
| Moutan cortex | DNA binding | Chung et al, 2007; Kim et al, 2007; Chun et al, 2007 |
| Moxifloxacin | DNA binding | Werber et al, 2005; Shalit et al, 2005 |
| Myricetin | DNA binding | Kang et al, 2005; Lee et al, 2007 |
| NDPP1 (CARD protein) | DNA binding | Zhang & Fu, 2002 |
| N-ethyl-maleimide (NEM) | DNA binding | Toledano & Leonard, 1991 |
| Naringen | DNA binding | Kanno et al, 2005 |
| Nicorandil | DNA binding | Katamura et al, 2005 |
| Nicotine | DNA binding | Sugano et al, 1998 |
| Nifedipine | DNA binding | Horiuchi et al, 2006; Tomita et al, 2008; Aoki et al, 2008 |
| Nitric oxide-donating aspirin | DNA binding | Kashfi & Rigas, 2005 |
| Nilvadipine | DNA binding | Iwasaki et al, 2005 |
| Nitrosoglutathione | DNA binding | Kuo et al, 2004; Khan et al, 2005 |
| NS1 (Influenza A) | DNA binding | Wang et al, 2000 |
| NS3/4A (Hepatitis C virus) | DNA binding | Karayiannis, 2005 |
| Extracts of Ochna macrocalyx bark | DNA binding | Tang et al, 2003 |
| Leucine-rich effector proteins of Salmonella & Shigella (SspH1 and IpaH9.8) | DNA binding | Haraga & Miller, 2003 |
| Oleic acid | DNA binding | Cui et al, 2006 |
| Mediterranean diet (virgin olive oil) | DNA binding | Perez-Martinez et al, 2007; Brunelleschi et al, 2007 |
| Melilotus suaveolens Ledeb extract | DNA binding | Zhao et al, 2007 |
| Omega-3 fatty acids | DNA binding | Sethi, 2002 |
| Orazipone | DNA binding | Sareila et al, 2007 |
| Oridonin (diterpenoid from Rabdosia rubescens) | DNA binding | Ikezoe et al, 2005 |
| p8 | DNA binding | Vasseur et al, 2004 |
| 1,2,3,4,6-penta-O-galloyl-beta-D-glucose | DNA binding | Oh et al, 2001 |
| p202a (interferon inducible protein) | DNA binding by p65 and p50/p65; increases p50 | Ma et al, 2003 |
| p21 (recombinant) | DNA binding | Khanna et al, 2005 |
| PC-SPES (8 herb mixture) | DNA binding | Ikezoe et al, 2003; 2006 |
| Panepoxydone | DNA binding | Erkel et al, 1996 |
| Peptide nucleic acid-DNA decoys | DNA binding | Penolazzi et al, 2004 |
| Pentoxifylline (1-(5′-oxohexyl) 3,7-dimetylxanthine, PTX) | DNA binding | Biswas et al, 1993; Wang et al, 1997; Ji et al, 2004 |
| Peptide YY | DNA binding | Vona-Davis et al, 2004 |
| Pepluanone | DNA binding | Corea et al, 2005 |
| Perindopril | DNA binding | Li et al, 2005 |
| Phellodendri cortex extract | DNA binding | Park et al, 2007 |
| 6(5H)-phenanthridinone and benzamide | DNA binding | Chiarugi, 2002 |
| Phyllanthus amarus extracts | DNA binding | Kiemer et al, 2003 |
| Phylligenin (lignan, Forsythia koreana) | DNA binding | Lim et al, 2008 |
| Phyllostachys nigra var. henonis (bamboo) extract | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2007 |
| PIAS1 (protein inhibitor of activatated STAT1) | RelA DNA binding | Liu et al, 2005 |
| Pioglitazone (PPARgamma ligand) | DNA binding | Takagi et al, 2002; Xu et al, 2007; Xing et al, 2007 |
| Pirfenidone | DNA binding | Tsuchiya et al, 2004; Nakanishi et al, 2004 |
| Polyozellin | DNA binding | Jin et al, 2006 |
| Ponapensin | DNA binding | Salim et al, 2007 |
| Pregabalin; gabapentin | DNA binding | Park et al, 2008 |
| Prenylbisabolane 3 (from Croton eluteria Bennett) | DNA binding | Campagnuoloe et al, 2005 |
| Pro-opiomelanocortin | DNA binding | Liu et al, 2005 |
| Procyandin B2 | DNA binding | Mackenzie et al, 2008 |
| Prostaglandin E2 | DNA binding and RelA nuclear translocation | Min et al, 2002; Gomez et al, 2005 |
| Protein-bound polysaccharide (PSK) | DNA binding | Zhang et al, 2003 |
| PYPAF1 protein | DNA binding | Jeru et al, 2006 |
| Pyridine N-oxide derivatives | DNA binding | Stevens et al, 2006 |
| Pyrithione | DNA binding | Kim et al, 1999 |
| Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides | DNA binding | Wurtz et al, 2006 |
| Quinadril (ACE inhibitor) | DNA binding | Bustos et al, 1998; Hernandez-Presa et al, 1998 |
| Quinic acid | DNA binding | Akesson et al, 2005 |
| Raf Kinase Inhibitor Protein (RKIP) | DNA binding | Keller, 2004 |
| Rapomycin | DNA binding | Dichtl et al, 2005 |
| Raloxifene | RelA DNA binding | Olivier et al, 2006 |
| Raxofelast | DNA binding | Altavilla et al, 2003 |
| Reactive oxygen species | DNA binding | Yang et al, 2007 |
| Rebamipide | DNA binding | Hahm et al, 2003 |
| Red and Siberian ginseng | DNA binding | Park et al, 2007; Lin et al, 2008 |
| Rhus verniciflua Stokes fruits 36 kDa glycoprotein/ phenolic fraction | DNA binding | Ko et al, 2005; Jung et al, 2006; Oh et al, 2006 |
| Ribavirin | DNA binding | Fiedler et al, 1996 |
| Rifamides | DNA binding | Pahlevan et al, 2002 |
| Ritonavir | DNA binding | Ikezoe et al, 2004 |
| RNA aptamer to NF-kB | DNA binding | Mi et al, 2007; Wurster et al, 2009 |
| Rosiglitazone | DNA binding | Gruden et al, 2005 |
| Roxithromycin | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2004 |
| Rungia pectinata (linn.) Nees extract | DNA binding | Zhao et al, 2008 |
| Sanggenon C | DNA binding | Li et al, 2002 |
| Santonin diacetoxy acetal derivative | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2006 |
| Scapharca broughtonii factor | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2007 |
| Secretory leukoprotease inhibitor (SLPI) | DNA binding | Jin et al, 1997: Greene et al, 2004; Taggart et al, 2005 |
| Serotonin derivative (N-(p-coumaroyl) serotonin, SC) | DNA binding | Kawashima et al, 1998 |
| Sesamin (from sesame oil) | DNA binding | Jeng et al, 2005 |
| Shen-Fu | DNA binding | Qian et al, 2006 |
| Short chain fatty acids (sodium butyrate, sodium phenylbutyrate, sodium phenylacetate) | DNA binding | Park et al, 2007; Debierre-Grockiego et al, 2007; Kuefer et al, 2007; Tedelind et al, 2007 |
| Siah2 | DNA binding | Habelhah et al, 2002 |
| Silibinin | DNA binding | Schumann et al, 2003 |
| Simvastatin | DNA binding/IkB phosphorylation | Li et al, 2002; Kalyanasundaram et al, 2006; Lee et al, 2007 |
| Sinomenine | DNA binding/nuclear translocation | Chen et al, 2004; Zhao et al, 2007 |
| SIRT1 Deacetylase overexpression | DNA binding | Chen et al, 2005 |
| Siva-1 | DNA binding | Gudi et al, 2006 |
| SM-7368 (small molecule) | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2005 |
| Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate | DNA binding | Xu et al, 2008 |
| Solanum nigrum L. 150 kDa glycoprotein | DNA binding | Heo et al, 2004; Lee & Lim, 2006; Oh & Lim, 2006 |
| SP100030 | DNA binding | Moore-Carrasco et al, 2007 |
| Styrax japonica terpenes and lignans | DNA binding | Yun et al, 2006 |
| Suberosin | DNA binding | Chen et al, 2006 |
| Sulfasalazine | DNA binding | Egan & Sandborn, 1998 |
| SUN C8079 | DNA binding | Matsumori et al, 2004 |
| Surfactant protein A | DNA binding | Alcorn & Wright, 2003 |
| Sword brake fern extract | DNA binding | Wu et al, 2003 |
| (+) Syringaresinal-di-O-beta-d-glucoside | DNA binding | Yamazaki et al, 2007 |
| T-614 (a methanesulfoanilide anti-arthritis inhibitor) | DNA binding | Aikawa et al, 2002 |
| Talosin A | DNA binding | Hwang et al, 2009 |
| Tanacetum larvatum extract | DNA binding | Petrovic et al, 2003 |
| Tansinones (Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, Labiatae roots) | DNA binding | Choi et al, 2004 |
| Taurine + niacine | DNA binding | Giri, 2003; Kim & Kim, 2005 |
| Temozolomide | DNA binding | Yamini et al, 2007 |
| Tetramethylpyrazine | DNA binding | Cheng et al, 2006 |
| Tobacoo smoke | DNA binding | Zhong et al, 2006 |
| Tom1 (target of Myb-1) overexpression | DNA binding | Yamakami & Yokosawa, 2004 |
| Thiazolidinedione MCC-555 | DNA binding | Kurebayashi et al, 2005; Ohga et al, 2006 |
| Trachelospermi caulis extract | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2007 |
| Transdominant p50 | DNA binding | Logeat et al, 1991 |
| Trichostatin A; 4-Me(2)N-BAVAH | RelA DNA binding | Hu & Colburn, 2005; Papeleu et al, 2007 |
| Triclosan plus cetylpyridinium chloride | DNA binding | Kim et al, 2005 |
| Triptolide (PG490, extract of Chinese herb) | DNA binding/transactivation | Qiu et al, 1999; Kim et al, 2004; Yinjun et al, 2005; Jang et al, 2007; Chang et al, 2007; He et al, 2007; Liou et al, 2008 |
| Tyrphostin AG-126 | DNA binding | Moore et al, 2003 |
| UNBS1450 01 (from C procera) | DNA binding | Juncker et al, 2009 |
| Uranyl acetate | DNA binding | Hartsock et al, 2007 |
| Ursolic acid | DNA binding | Hsu et al, 2004 |
| Uteroglobin | DNA binding | Mandal et al, 2004 |
| V,C proteins (Sendai virus) | DNA binding | Komatsu et al, 2004 |
| Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) | DNA binding | Oyama et al, 1998; Gabrilovich et al, 1998 |
| Verapamil | DNA binding | Li et al, 2006 |
| Wei-Pi-Tang-Hab-Wu-Ling-San extract | DNA binding | Jung et al, 2007; Seok et al, 2008 |
| Withaferin A | DNA binding; IKKb; proteasome | Mohan et al, 2004; Kaileh et al, 2007; Yang et al, 2007; Singh et al, 2007 |
| Wogonin (5,7-dihydroxy-8-methoxyflavone) | DNA binding | Lee et al, 2003; Piao et al, 2004; |
| Xanthohumol (a hops prenylflavonoid) | DNA binding | Colgate et al, 2006 |
| Xanthorrhizol | DNA binding | Chung et al, 2007 |
| Xylitol | DNA binding | Han et al, 2005 |
| Yan-gan-wan | DNA binding | Yang et al, 2005 |
| Yan Xin Qigong | DNA binding | Yan et al, 2007 |
| YC-1 | DNA binding | Lu et al, 2007 |
| Yin-Chen-Hao | DNA binding | Cai et al, 2006 |
| Yucca schidigera extract | DNA binding | Marzocco et al, 2004; Cheeke et al, 2006 |
| Zapotin (from Caimiroa edulis) | DNA binding | Maiti et al, 2007 |
| Overexpressed ZIP1 | DNA binding | Khadeer et al, 2005 |
| Zyflamend | DNA binding | Sandur et al, 2007 |
| Plant compound A (a phenyl aziridine precursor) | DNA binding and transactivation | De Bosscher et al, 2005 |
| L(pro) (Foot & Mouth Disease Virus) | RelA degradation | de Los Santos et al, 2007 |
| 8-acetoxy-5-hydroxyumbelliprenin (from Asafetida) | Transactivation | Appendino et al, 2006 |
| agonist for the A(3) adenosine receptor | Transactivation | Varani et al, 2012 |
| AMP-activated protein kinase | Transactivation | Cacicedo et al, 2004 |
| APC0576 | Transactivation | Yuzawa et al, 2003 |
| Artemisia sylvatica sesquiterpene lactones | Transactivation (reporter assays) | Jin et al, 2004 |
| Artemisolide | Transactivation; IKKb | Reddy et al, 2006; Kim et al, 2007 |
| Asteraceae sesquiterpene lactones (enhydrin, tetraludin A, repandins A, B, D, E) | Transactivation | Ma et al, 2006 |
| BSASM (plant extract mixture) | Transactivation (reporter assays) | Lee et al, 2005 |
| Bifodobacteria | Transactivation | Riedel et al, 2006 |
| Breast cancer metastasis suppressor 1 (BRMS1) | Transactivation | Samant et al, 2007 |
| Bupleurum fruticosum phenylpropanoids | Transactivation | Bremner et al, 2004 |
| Blueberry and berry mix (Optiberry) | Transactivation | Atalay et al, 2003 |
| BZLF1 (EBV protein) | Transactivation | Morrison et al, 2004 |
| ceramide-1-phosphate | Transactivation | Hankins et al, 2011 |
| Chromene derivatives | Transactivation | Cheng et al, 2003 |
| D609 (phosphatidylcholine-phospholipase C inhibitor) | Transactivation | Bergmann et al, 1998 |
| Dehydroevodiamine | Transactivation | Noh et al, 2006 |
| 4′-demethyl-6-methoxypodophyllotoxin (lignan of Linum tauricum Willd. ssp. tauricum) | Transactivation | Vailev et al, 2005 |
| 5alpha-dihydrotestosterone | Transactivation | Itoh et al, 2007 |
| Ethyl 2-[(3-methyl-2,5-dioxo(3-pyrrolinyl))
amino]-4-(trifluoromethyl) pyrimidine-5-carboxylate |
Transactivation | Palanki et al, 2002 |
| Chemical library inhibitors | Transactivation | Lee et al, 2007 |
| CHFR | RelA Transactivation | Kashima et al, 2009 |
| Cycloprodigiosin hycrochloride | Transactivation | Kamata et al, 2001 |
| DC-81 | Transactivation | Hu et al, 2008 |
| Dimethylfumarate (DMF) | Nuclear translocation | Loewe et al, 2002; Meili-Butz et al, 2008 |
| E1A (Adenovirus) | Transactivation | Cook et al, 2002 |
| Eckol/Dieckol (seaweed E stolonifera) | Transactivation | Joe et al, 2006 |
| Ethanol | Transactivation | Klei & Barchowsky, 2008 |
| FAD24 | RelA transactivation | Johmura et al, 2008 |
| Feijoa sellowiana Berg Fruit extract | Transactivation | Rossi et al, 2007 |
| Fructus Benincasae Recens extract | Transactivation | Kwon et al, 2003 |
| Gallotannins | Transactivation | Lee et al, 2007 |
| Glucocorticoids (dexametasone, prednisone, methylprednisolone) | Transactivation and increases IkBa levels | Auphan et al, 1995; Brostjan et al, 1996; Ray & Prefontaine,1994; Scheinman et al, 1995 |
| Glcodelin-A | Transactivation | Tee et al, 2008 |
| Gypenoside XLIX (from Gynostemma pentaphyllum) | Transactivation (PPAR-alpha-dependent) | Huang et al, 2006 |
| Hesperidin | Transactivation | Yeh et al, 2007 |
| Heterocyclic ring-substituted pyrimidines | Transactivation | Ha et al, 2007 |
| Histidine | Transactivation | Son et al, 2005 |
| HIV-1 protease inhibitors (nelfinavir, ritonavir, or saquinavir) | Transactivation | Equils et al, 2004 |
| 4-Hydroxykobusin | Transactivation | Pokharel et al, 2007 |
| ICT (3, 5, 7-Trihydroxy-4′-methoxy-8-(3-hydroxy-3- methylbutyl)-flavone) | Transactivation | Wu et al, 2011 |
| IE2p86 (CMV) | Transactivation | Gealy et al, 2007 |
| N-aminoimidazole derivatives (NR-818) | Transactivation | Stevens et al, 2007 |
| Kwei Ling Ko (Tortoise shell-Rhizome jelly) | Transactivation | Yip et al, 2005 |
| Ligusticum chuanxiong Hort root | Transactivation | Liu et al, 2005 |
| Low gravity | Transactivation | Boonyaratanakornkit et al, 2005 |
| Lys-Pro-Val tripeptide | Transactivation | Dalmasso et al, 2007 |
| LZAP | Transactivation | Wang et al, 2007 |
| Nobiletin | Transactivation/DNA binding | Murakami et al, 2005; Choi et al, 2007 |
| NRF (NF-kB repression factor) | Transactivation | Jianfeng et al, 2004 |
| Paeonol (from Mountain Cortx) | Transactivation | Ishiguro et al, 2006;Tsai et al, 2008 |
| Phenethylisothiocyanate | Transactivation | Gerhauser et al, 2003 |
| 4-phenylcoumarins (from Marila pluricostata) | Transactivation | Bedoya et al, 2005 |
| Phomol | Transactivation | Weber et al, 2004 |
| Pimpinella oils | Transactivation | Tabanca et al, 2007 |
| PIAS3 | Transactivation | Jang et al, 2004 |
| Pranlukast | Transactivation | Ichiyama et al, 2003; Ishinaga et al, 2004 |
| Psychosine | Transactivation | Haq et al, 2003 |
| Pycnogenol | Transactivation | Matsumori et al, 2007 |
| Quinazolines | Transactivation | Tobe et al, 2003 |
| Resveratrol | RelA nuclear localization and transactivation | Manna et al, 2000; Pendurthi et al, 2002;; Kang et al, 2009 |
| RO31-8220 (PKC inhibitor) | Transactivation | Bergmann et al, 1998 |
| Saucerneol D and saucerneol E | Transactivation | Hwang et al, 2003 |
| SB203580 (p38 MAPK inhibitor) | Transactivation | Bergmann et al, 1998 |
| SB216763 (GSK-3β inhibitor) | Transactivation | Die et al, 2012 |
| Selenium | Transactivation | Christensen et al, 2007; Youn et al, 2008 |
| SH protein (Mumps virus) | Transactivation | Wilson et al, 2006 |
| Silica-ceramic | Transactivation | Huang et al, 2006 |
| Streptochlorin | Transactivation | Choi et al, 2007 |
| Tranilast [N-(3,4-dimethoxycinnamoyl)anthranilic acid] | Transactivation | Spiecker et al, 2002 |
| 3,4,5-trimethoxy-4′-fluorochalcone | Transactivation | Rojas et al, 2003 |
| Uncaria tomentosum plant extract | Transactivation | Akesson et al, 2003 |
| LY294,002 | Transactivation | Sizemore et al, 1999 |
| Anatabine citrate | RelA phosphorylation & transactivation | Paris et al, 2011; 2013 |
| Mesalamine | RelA phosphorylation & transactivation | Egan et al, 1999 |
| Mesuol | RelA phosphorylation & transactivation | Marquez et al, 2005 |
| Multivalent liposomal antibodies (trastuzumab and rituximab) | RelA phosphorylation and transactivation | Chiu et al, 2007 |
| PTX-B (pertussis toxin binding protein) | RelA phosphorylation and transactivation | Iordanskiy et al, 2002 |
| Pyrolae herba extract | RelA phosphorylation and transactivation | Lee et al, 2007 |
| 9-aminoacridine (9AA) derivatives (including the antimalaria drug quinacrine) | RelA phosphorylation and transactivation | Gurova et al, 2005 |
| SK-126 | RelA phosphorylation | Kang et al, 2007 |
| Tetrandrine | RelA phosphorylation | He et al, 2011 |
| Adenosine and cyclic AMP | Transactivation | Majumdar & Aggarwal, 2003; Minguet et al, 2004 |
| 17-allylamino-17-demethoxygeldanamycin | Transactivation | Rakitina et al, 2003 |
| 5-Aminoisoquinolinone | Transactivation | Wu et al, 2012 |
| 6-aminoquinazoline derivatives | Transactivation | Tobe et al, 2003 |
| Luteolin | p65 Transactivation | Kim et al, 2003; Chen et al, 2007 |
| Manassantins A and B | p65 Transactivation | Lee et al, 2003; Son et al, 2005 |
| MYBBP1a | p65 Transactivation | Owen et al, 2006 |
| Paromyxovirus SH gene products | Transactivation | Wilson et al, 2006 |
| Qingkailing and Shuanghuanglian (Chinese medicinal preparations) | Transactivation | Chen et al, 2002 |
| Smilax bockii warb extract (flavenoids) | Transactivation | Xu et al, 2005 |
| Soyasaponin Ab | Transactivation | Lee et al, 2011 |
| Sphingosine-1-phosphate | Transactivation | Hughes et al, 2008 |
| Telithromycin | Transactivatiion | Leiva et al, 2008 |
| Tetracyclic A | Transactivation (ROS production) | Turbyville et al, 2005 |
| Tetrathiomolybdate | Transactivation | Pan et al, 2002 |
| Trilinolein | Transactivation | Liu et al, 2004 |
| Troglitazone | Transactivation | Ruan et al, 2003 |
| Valerenic acid/acetylvalerenolic acid | Transactivation | Jacobo-Herrera et al, 2006 |
| Witheringia solanacea leaf extracts | Transactivation | Jacobo-Herrera et al, 2006 |
| Wortmannin (fungal metabolite) | Transactivation | Reddy et al, 1997; Manna & Aggarwal, 2000 |
| Xia-Bai-San | Transactivation | Yeh et al, 2006 |
| Alpha-zearalenol | Transactivation | Li et al, 2005 |
| Antithrombin (III) | RelA-p300 interaction; IkB phosphorylation | Uchiba et al, 2004; Hagiwara et al, 2007 |
| Extract of the stem bark of Mangifera indica L. | NF-kB mRNA expression | Leiro et al, 2004 |
| Rifampicin | Glucocorticoid receptor modulation | Yerramesetti et al, 2002 |
| Mangiferin | Inhibition of RelA and RelB expression | Leiro et al, 2004 |
| Shigella flexneri OspF protein | Histone H3 phosphatase | Arbibe et al, 2006 |
| Human CD4(+)CD25(hi)Foxp3(+) regulatory T cells (T(regs)) | Inhibition of Ca2+ signals | Schmidt et al, 2011 |
