C. Garcia-Quintero: Energy Spectroscopic Instrument: Challenges to the ΛCDM model.

The second data release from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) has produced the largest 3D map of the Universe to date, measuring over 30 million redshifts during the first three years of its five-year mission. Equipped with 5,000 robotic fibers, DESI traces the large-scale distribution of galaxies and quasars, enabling precise measurements of Baryon Acoustic Oscillations (BAO)—an imprint in galaxy clustering originating from the early Universe. In this talk, I will present the latest BAO measurements from DESI, which allow us to reconstruct the expansion history of the Universe over the past 11 billion years. I will discuss the cosmological implications of these measurements in combination with other cosmological probes. In particular, I will present the results on the preference for dynamical dark energy derived from both parametric models and non-parametric reconstructions. Additionally, I will discuss the constraints on the neutrino mass parameter and the hints of tensions within the standard cosmological model. Finally, I will conclude with a look ahead at what to expect from DESI in the near future.