This article examines the connection between the development of territoriality, ethnicity, and nationalism in Equatorial Guinea from the 1930s to the 1960s. By focusing on mainland Equatorial Guinea and the development of Fang ethnicity during this period, it shows that the effects of colonial territoriality were significantly limited by African resistance against European efforts to redefine and divide their African subjects. Thus, we learn how the development of Fang ethnicity in Equatorial Guinea, Cameroon, and Gabon transcended one of the most prominent symbols of European domination–territorial borders. In the process, Fang ethnicity and Equatoguinean nationalism were able to find a common ground and cooperate across the existing territorial borders. Equatoguinean Fang nationalists even contemplated the possibility of eliminating the borders that set them apart from the Cameroonian Fang. Eventually, such possibility vanished, as precolonial ethnic divisions gained new salience and colonial territoriality was consolidated by the imminence of independence and the prospect of political power.