Chelsea High School GK-12 Program
 
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BOSTON UNIVERSITY
 
LESSON 1: Building the Car (Mechanics and Motion)

Subject Area

General Physics

Grade

10-12

Estimated Length

5 days

Prerequisite knowledge/skills

  1. The ability to draw free-body diagrams (FBD)
  2. Friction
  3. Forces
  4. Velocity and Acceleration

Description of new content

This lesson is the first part of a four part engineering design project. This first lesson will allow the students to get their feet wet when it comes to design and re-design of a product.

Goals

 

 

 

  • During the first part of the project, students are given a set of stock components.
    • Standard box to define the size of the vehicle
    • K’nex or equivalent for chassis design
    • Specific options for wheels and axles
  • Visual inspection of chassis for structural soundness
  • Given a constant applied external force the students will study the effects of:
    • Vehicle weight
    • Wheelbase dimensions
    • Material friction (based on the different options for wheels and tires)

Materials Needed

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

The following is a list of K'nex parts that will be needed to complete this project for 15 groups of students:

Item Description Quantity Unit Price $
Red Gear - 2 1/4 inch
60 0.63
Gray Gear - 1 inch 60 0.07
Connectors Grab Bag 5 12
Gray Pully/Tire Insert - 2 inch 120 0.3
Black Tire - 2 1/2 inch 120 0.63
Black Tire - 3 1/2 inch 120 1.2
Gears and Rods Grab Bag 10 5.21

Procedure

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Day 1
Lesson Description: Instructor and/or Fellow will present some background information and go over the project with the students. The Instructor and/or Fellow will present a demonstration of a basic chassis design, discuss and demonstrate how the components go together, discuss the constraints of the design, the goal of the design, and what type of testing will be performed.

Goal: Students should be proficient enough by the end of this instructional period to build their own chassis by the end of the period, on the following day. Students should also be familiar with the underlying concepts of weight force and friction to perform meaningful tests and evaluate their chassis/wheel design.

Handouts:

  • Example parts from the available stock components.
  • Diagrams of how the components fit together.
  • Review/background information sheet on weight force and friction.
  • Paper for drawing a basic free body diagram of the system.

Day 2
Lesson Description: Students will build their chassis using the provided stock components and a “box” used as a boundary placeholder for components to be added in future portions of the overall project. The Instructor and/or Fellow will keep the students on task, offer suggestions to facilitate functional designs, and assist the students in basic construction and manipulation of the parts.

Goal: Students should have a completely constructed chassis that will hold and support the weight of the provided boundary box. Students will learn the basics of structure, gain important hand skills, and become familiar with open ended design possibilities given “stock” components.

Handouts:

  • Stock components
  • Rods
  • Connectors
  • Boundary box
  • Basic connection diagrams


Day 3
Lesson Description: Students will build modular wheel and axle configurations and connect them to their chassis. The Instructor and/or Fellow will keep the students on task, offer suggestions to facilitate functional designs, and assist the students in troubleshooting design and construction problems that will allow the chassis/wheel configurations to be fully assembled and testable by the end of the period.

Goal: Students should have a completely constructed chassis and wheel system that allows for the interchange of different wheel configurations during the testing phase on the following day. Students will learn the basics of building a system containing moving parts, making design changes midstream in a building process, and how to troubleshoot problems at the end of a build procedure.

Handouts:

  • Tires
  • Wheels
  • Axles
  • Basic connection diagrams

Day 4
Lesson Description: Students will test their basic car chassis and wheel assemblies on pre-designed track(s)/data collection systems that propel the car(s) forward with a specific, given input force. Students will test each of the three wheel size iterations on the test track and measure, distance traveled and time. Students will also measure the weight of their chassis with each of the possible wheel configurations. The Instructor and/or fellow will run the track system and ensure the proper collection of data.

Goal: Students should have a complete set of data to compare the motion of the various chassis configurations to each other on the following day. Students will learn about the collection and tabulation of data for a non-standard apparatus. A unit system will be selected and data will be taken to a specific number of significant digits to reinforce these concepts.

Handouts:

Day 5
Lesson Description: Students will compile their data and generate appropriate graphs as detailed by the Instructor/Fellow. Students will analyze data and formulate conclusions about what wheel configuration best suits the design and propose changes to the chassis design if any problems were encountered during the data collection. Students will hand in their finalized graphs and worksheets for grading and feedback from the Instructor and/or fellow.

Goal: Students will learn/reinforce graphing and data analysis skills and learn how to make design decisions based on input data. Students will learn/reinforce calculation skills of basic motion and force quantities including velocity, friction force, and acceleration.

Handouts:

Evaluation Evaluation Sheet
Extensions  
References K'nex Website