Enzymes and Nucleic Acids

There are many resources available that will help in your understanding of enzyme mechanisms

Serine Protease:

Here is the link to the video used in class that animates the serine protease mechanism (link).

Guided Tour on MoBio:

Here is the link to the Fundamentals of Molecular Biology animations and problems that were done in the extra lecture (link to download).

Cooperativity:

Here is a powerpoint file for another example of cooperativity, phosphorylase, which is involved in the degradation of glycogen (link).

Hemoglobin:

Here are some links to the Hemoglobin mechanism for cooperativity:

Changes at the C-terminus (link).

Conformational differences between the T- and R-states (link). The webpage has some embedded videos that require Flask, but also some download links for the same that are playable on Quicktime or WindowsMedia.

Protein Folding and Stability:

Here are some links for animations for protein folding and stability:

Here is a calculation of how a protein might fold (link).

The video we showed in class on protein folding simulation (link).

Dr. Horwich, who discovered GroEL/GroES on assisted protein folding, is a critical reference: Cheng MY, Hartl FU, Martin J, Pollock RA, Kalousek F, Neupert W, Hallberg EM, Hallberg RL, Horwich AL. Mitochondrial heat-shock protein hsp60 is essential for assembly of proteins imported into yeast mitochondria. Nature. 1989 Feb16;337(6208):620-5.

Lastly, here is a lecture from Dr. George Rose who has been a great thinker and pioneer on solving the code for protein folding. This lecture challenges some of the assumptions about the folding reaction (link).