Examines aspects of international relations. May be repeated for credit if topics are different. Two topics are offered for Fall 2022. Section A1: Democracy and the Populist Challenge in Europe and North America. Focuses on the crisis of liberal democracy in Europe and North America and the challenges of populism. Examines different possible sources of populist discontent, including economic, social, and political. Explores comparatively the populists' playbook while in (and out) of power. Section B1: The Ballot or the Bullet: The Global Struggle for Justice. How do people attain justice for issues with deep historical roots, such as colonialism, segregation, indigenous land rights, reparations, gender/race-based violence, and religious persecution? Explores the role of violence both in policing global morality and in popular responses to imposed universalist ideas. Topics for Spring 2023: Section A1: Race in Africa. How do we recognize when race has been on the scene? This course explores race in Africa through analyzing the multiple formations of racial and ethnic differentiation on the continent and the various methods people have developed to understand them. Section B1: Latin America and International Law. It is widely believed that over the past two centuries Latin America has been exceptionally committed to developing and implementing international law. This course interrogates this notion through a range of historical and contemporary topics and controversies.