| 1441.028 |
1441 |
Exchequer, perhaps Exchequer Chamber |
|
Question |
| Pasch. |
19 |
Hen. 6 |
1 |
62a-65a |
Vampage, John AG
Fortescue, John King's Sjt Fortescu (for king)
Yelverton, William Sjt
Markham, John Sjt Markam
Vampage, John AG
Markham, John Sjt Markam (addressed)
Fray, John CBEx
Haydock, Thomas Haydok
Ayscough, William JCP Ascough
Hunt, Roger BEx 63
Fray, John CBEx
Fortescue, John King's Sjt Fortescu
Paston, William JCP
Newton, Richard CJCP
Hody, John CJKB
Fortescue, John King's Sjt
Fulthorpe, Thomas JCP
Fortescue, John King's Sjt
Fulthorpe, Thomas JCP (addressed)
Paston, William JCP
Hody, John CJKB 64
Fray, John CBEx
Fortescue, John King's Sjt (addressed)
Newton, Richard CJCP
Hody, John CJKB
Fray, John CBEx
Markham, John Sjt
Fortescue, John King's Sjt
Vampage, John AG 65
Fortescue, John King's Sjt Fortescu |
Rex |
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Henry IV, King of England
A., hypothetical obligee & grantor |
London (Londr') |
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Statham Grannte 7, Quid juris clamat 5 (?)
Fitzherbert Graunt 10
Brooke Grauntes 40, Barre 25, Confirmacion 10, Defeisaunce 5, Estopell 183, Exemption 12, Parliament 88, Patents 16, Releases 23 (not in margin), Quinizime 5 (not in margin), Corporation 27 (not in margin) |
Mich. 18 Edw. 3, Fitzherbert Peticion 1 (not 7)
38 Hen. 6, fol. 10b
Plowden, Commentaries 59
Dyer, Reports 108, pl. 30
21 Edw. 4, fol. 46b
1441.080 = Mich. 20 Hen. 6, pl. 25, fol. 12b-13b
20 Hen. 6, fol. 13, 14
21 Edw. 4, fol. 54
Post, fol. 64
22 Edw. 3, fol. 10
20 Edw. 3, Lib. Ass. pl. 7
6 Hen. 7, fol. 5
Hil. 6 Ric. 2, Fitzherbert Quid juris clamat 20
39 Hen. 6, fol. 51
42 Edw. 3, fol. 23, 24
21 Hen. 6, fol. 50
Littleton, Tenures 107
21 Hen. 7, fol. 4b
42 Edw. 3, fol. 23, 24, 25
13 Hen. 4, fol. 17
1 Hen. 7, fol. 3
18 Edw. 3, fol. 11
11 Hen. 4, fol. 2
8 Edw. 4, fol. 4
21 Edw. 3, fol. 6
9 Hen. 6, fol. 9
Plowden, Commentaries 502
1 Hen. 7, fol. 13
21 Edw. 3, fol. 60
20 Hen. 6, fol. 13
15 Edw. 4, fol. 2
34 Hen. 6, fol. 25
9 Hen. 6, fol. 53
4 Edw. 4, fol. 36
21 Hen. 6, fol. 54
21 Edw. 4, fol. 54
21 Edw. 4, fol. 56
21 Hen. 6, fol. 50
39 Hen. 6, fol. 28
37 Hen. 6, fol. 5
Devant, fol. 62
21 Edw. 4, fol. 55
Dyer, Reports 52, pl. 2 (contra)
2 Edw. 3, fol. 34
17 Edw. 3, Lib. Ass. pl. 29
8 Hen. 6, fol. 2, 16
21 Edw. 4, fol. 14, 15, 38, 55
8 Hen. 6, fol. 1b
2 Edw. 3, fol. 34
Dyer, Reports 373, pl. 13 |
the statute = 7 Edw. 1 (1279) (de Religiosis) or Magna Carta (1297) ch. 36 (mortmain)
Westminster 2nd (1285), ch. 1 (de donis conditionalibus)
tithe or fifteenth granted by clergy to the king in the last Parliament = 18 Hen. 6, 5 Rot. Parl. 4 |
| Le Roy Henry le quart avoit grante per ses Lettres patentes al' Rector d' Edington & ses |
196 |
Defendant rector prayed to be discharged of tithes because Hen. 4 had granted to defendant rector's predecessor that discharged him and his successors of any tax, tallage, or tithe, and prayed to be dismissed from Court.
The Attorney General demurrred for the king, as appeared by the record.
The King's Serjeant argued for the king that defendant rector should not be dismissed.
Argument whether the king's grant of discharge from tithes was valid or not.
At another day, further argument whether the king's grant of discharge from tithes was valid, and whether defendant rector should have sued by petition to the king, rather than pleading here.
Fray CBEx prayed that all the Justices and Serjeants would be well advised on this judgment, so he could have their advice to give judgment according to law, because several Abbeys in the realm are in a similar situation
It was adjourned to another day (Hil. 1442).
Further argument
It was adjourned. |
a quel heure que aucun taxe ou tallage per le Communualte, ou disme per son clergy de son Royaulme sont a luy grantes; soient discharges de ceux tout quitement, & oultre grante a luy licence d' appropr- & tenir en propre opes ij Eglises parochiales (& nome lour noms) apres que il entre en meme les Eglises, & puis en le temps le Roy que or est, un disme fuit grante au Roy per son clergy, & les coillors sur lour payement priere estre discharges d' un summe estre leve de meme l' Rector, quel ils ne purrent levere per cause d' grant de le Parlement al' avant dit fait
Sur que l' Attorney du Roy (Vampage AG) demurre, come appert la de record
King's Sjt Fortescue (for king): issint icy le Roy n' ad aucun cause d' aver x (= tithes, tenths) ou xv (= fifteeths), sinon per grant de son 'people': donc quand il grante que un de son 'people' sera discharge de ceo, ou il meme n' ad rien en icele forsque apres tiel grant, tiel grant est void; uncore quand le Rector meme fuit un del' clergy, & grante au Roy enapres a aver tiel x (= tithes) estre leve 'modo solito', il ad luy m' estoppe d' aver availe del' premier grant; Come si le Roy grante a moy, que si jeo tue un homme jeo ne serai onques empeche de ceo, cest grant ne vault, pur ceo que est prejudice a auter, s. cesti qui suire Appel de sa mort, & auxy a cesy qui est mort; le grant fait par tout le Parlement ove son clergy; Vrayement Sir, tiel grant en brief de Wast est common ple per voye de barre entre nous; 'qui igo Termino fuit electus in Capit- Judicem'
Sjt Markham: le Roy sera estoppe ber le grant fait a luy a demander cel' parcele del' xv (= fifteenths), auxybien come sera estoppe vers le Roy per son grant en l' derrein Parlement a demander destre discharge; toute l' Clergy du Royaulme fuit party, issint 'per consequens' le Rector fuit party a sn grant, ceo exclura l' especial grant par quel l' Rector fuit discharge; cest releas fait par toute le Communalte ne barre cestuy de s' especial inheritance, pur ceo que il ne claima cest inheritance come un del' Communalte mes come un private person; ils relesont per lour common seel; les biens de nul' private person ne seront mis en execution
Vampage AG: en ceux cases vous estes inherites en Ley a punir tiel wast, & tiel cesser sibien come estes inherites en vostre terre; mes le Roy n' est inherite en le xv (= fifiteenths), ny ad aucun cause d' aver ceo devan que son 'people' ad luy grante ceo
Fray CBEx: Vous avez bien mouve a ij entents; mes ditez al' tiers point auxy; le Parlement est la Court du Roy, & le plus haute Court que il ad, & la Ley est le plus haute inheritance que l' Roy ad: car par la Ley il meme & touts ses subjects sont rules, & si s' Ley ne fuit, nul Royt, ny nul' inheritance sera: donc per s' Ley il est a aver touts amerciments & revenues de ses Courts, come en Banc le Roy, Common Place, &c. & per son autorite & son brief les parties sont estre appelle en sa Court a respndre: issint sont les Seigniors per son brief appelle a venir a son Parlement, & autres come Chevaliers, & Burgeses, &c. estre esleus per son brief; & attainders & forfaitours qui sont adjuges en meme le Parlement sont revenues de cel' Court; quand est inheritance auxy fortement en le Ley a aver l' un Court come l' auter; plusieurs Abbeis del' Royaulme sont en semble cas
Haydok: il sera discharge de paier l' taxe per cause de ses lais chateux; 'Quasi diceret nulla est ratio'
Ayscough JCP: il est impertinent & inconvenient en Ley; si le Roy ust grante que il ne sera puni pur nul felony, ny transgressioun per luy affaire en temps avenir, cest grant est void, pur ceo que il est encontre common droit & justice, & ne peut ester ove Ley, que sera inconvenient en Ley estre souffre: car plustost sera mischief souffre que un inconvenientise
Paston JCP: Si aucun soit 'felo de se' (= suicide), l' Ordinary ne veut intromitt- de s' chateux mesque il mourust intestat: purque le Roy aura eux per s' Ley, quia 'Quod non capit Christus, capit fiscus' (Latin maxim, what Christ doesn't take, the treasury takes); Si jeo lesse terre a vous 'absque impeticione vasti'; que ne serez empeches de wast; puis un title est a luy devolute; donc ensuire cest impertinency; qui est impertinent; Issint icy est impertinent, quand l' Roy demande cest x ou xv per ses collectors
Newton CJCP 'gratia argumenti': il sera estoppe ... per le grant enapres per luy fait come un del' Parlement: car le Roy peut disheriter un homme, & luy mettre a morte, que est encontre le Ley, si le Parlement ne fuit: purque donc n' estoppera le Roy per son Parlement le Rector a aver benefice de cest grant per autre Parlement; issint nul xv sera grante, qui est enconter Ley que le Roy n' aura subsidie de ses liges en s' necessarie; Sir, 'gratia argumenti', cest xv grante au Roy per son 'people' ne peut estr3e dit perquisitions ne profit de sa Court de Parlement: car issues ou perquisitions de ses Courts sont choses a luy accrues per cause d' un forfaiture fait a sa Ley, come des issues perdus par ma disobedience al' commandement du Roy a apperer en Court; mes ces xv est un grant 'de voluntate populi sui spontanea', qui prouve que il n' est droit en luy devant le grant per inheritance que il ad en ses courts; est un penale summe perdue au Roy meme par cause de s' person; issint per cest Statut demeure lies tanquez per auter Statut apres fuit a eux provise, que ils bien purrant user lour ancien custome
Hody CJKB: Sir, mesque le Roy par son Parlement peut disheriter un homme, ou que un Parlement peut defeter un estat fait en auter Parlement; uncore un de son 'people' sera discharge: & auxy sera inconvenient que il sera estoppe quand il ne peut luy aider; Car s' il veut dire en Parlement que il ne veut accord a tiel grant, cest sera de nul valu, pur ceo que le grant est assez effectuel si le plus part accorde a ceo: mes si le grant se fist a chaqun del' 'people', cest fuit encontre Ley & contraire en luy meme; Et cest fine or due au Roy est un profit de sa Court dont il est inherite par droit de sa Court; Et auxy est un profit de sa Court de Parlement, mesque ne soit due a luy forsque per l' grant de son 'people' ove l' assente des Seigniors ensemble en un lieu a ces deputes, que fait le Parlement: & issint a ma entente le Roy peut granter les profits de sa Court de Parlement come il peut de ses auters Courts devant que le chose grante soit en luy, pur ceo que le droit de cest Court est inheritance a luy; Et auxy Sir, le Parlement est le plus haute Court que le Roy ad, & est inherite en cel' Court a aver tiel xv come est en auter Court a aver ses issues: car meme la Ley que veut que le Roy defendra son 'people', meme la Ley veut que le 'people' grantera a luy de lour biens en aide de cel' defence, que prouve inheritance; covient apres tiel grant eu par son 'people', que les Seigniors du Royaulme approuvent cest, & auxy que le Roy accepte
Fulthorpe JCP: le Rector sera aide par voye d' Petition au Roy, & nemy par voye de ple |
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perhaps Monastery or College of the Blessed Virgin Mary, St. Katherine, and All Saints of Bonhommes in Edington, Wiltsire. John Fortescue was appointed CJKB on 20 Jan. 1442. Thomas Haydock was an apprentice who was never created Serjeant, was retained by the duchy of Lancashire from 1443, was JP from Hampshire from 1431, and died in 1452; Baker, Readers and Readings) |
many interesting arguments; the king is under the law, the people grant taxes (fifteenths) to the king
Ayscough JCP and most of the others argued for the king's position; Hody CJKB argued for the rector's position
Hen. 4 had granted by his letters patent to the Rector of Edington and his co-brothers and to their successors always, at which time any tax or tallage by the commonalty, or tithe by his clergy of his realm granted to him, that the Rector and his successors, their goods, chattels, land, tenements and possessions be discharged of all this and acquitted, and beyond this (Hen. 4) granted to him (the Rector) a licence to appropriate and to hold in his own use (oeps) two parish churches, after which he (the Rector) entered into the churches and then in the time of Hen. 6, a tithe was granted to the king by his clergy, and the collectors for their payment asked to be discharged of the sum to be levied from the same Rector, which they could not levy by reason of the grant of the Parliament to the aforesaid deed
King's Sjt Fortescue (for king): one will not grant any thing unless such thing is in him at the time of the grant (nemo dat quod non habet principle), as in a case I put that I grant to you by deed that if you do me any obligation of any sum, this will be void, now if you make me such an obligation afterward, now the first grant is void, because the grant was of a thing that was not in me at thetime of the grant, because each has power to bind himself to what thing he wants; thus here the king does not have any cause to have tithes (tenths) or fifteenths, except by grant of his people (politics): thus when he grants that one of his people will be discharged of this, where he himself had nothing in this except after such grant (of tithes or fitteenths), such grant (the discharge) is void; if the king grant to me, that if I slay a man I will never be impeached of this, this grant is no good, because it is prejudice to another, that is, he who would sue Appeal of homicide, and also to he who is dead (humour): thus in our case, if the Rector will be discharged from his part by this grant, this will be prejudicial to the others of the same vill, because the whole will be levied from them (which all the Court denied); the Statute of Westminster 2nd (1285) ch. 1 (de donis conditionalibus) ... does not bind those of London, but there in such a case they will have a writ of Right; but such general statute will bind everyone who is at common law, but cannot defeat any special privilege
Sjt Markham: the king can only grant a thing that is in him at the time of the grant (nemo dat quod non habet principle); in our case even though the king had no right 'in esse' to have the fifteenth (xv), yet because it is a thing that lies in grant, it is valid enough; where each is estopped against another, neither will have advantage of such estoppel; it is said that the general grant was made by the Parliament of a fifteenth to the king, in which all the clergy of the realm were party, and thus by consequence the rector was party to his grant; he did not claim his inheritance as one of the Commonalty but as a private person
Ayscough JCP: if the king had granted him that he would not punish him for any felony nor trespass done by him in times to come, this grant is void, because it is against common right and justice, and cannot coexist with law (ne peut ester ove Ley), which will be inconvenient in law to be suffered, because a mischief will sooner be suffered than an inconvenience (maxim)
Hunt BEx: the king cannot grant a thing that he does not have (nemo dat quod non habet principle); the king can grant a thing that he can never have, because he can grant me a fair in my vill and the toll of this, or a warren (hunting ground) within my own land
Fray CBEx: the Parliament is the king's court, and the highest court he has, and the law is the highest inheritance that the king has, because by the law he himself and all his subjects are ruled (politics; the king is under the law), and if there were no law, no king nor inheritance would be (if there were no law there would be no king and no inheritance): thus by his law he is to have all amercements and revenues of his courts, as in King's Bench, Common Pleas, etc., and by his authority and his writ the other parties will be called in his Court to answer: thus are the lords by his writ called to come to his Parliament, and also as knights, and burgesses, etc. to be elected by his writ, and attainders and forfeitures that are adjudged in the same Parliament are revenues of this Court, and also are the fifteenths by this grant ... revenues of this Court?; when it is an inheritance as strongly in the law to have the one court as the other
Paston JCP: if anyone be suicide (felo de se), and the Ordinary does not want to intromit his goods even though he died intestate, so the king will have them by his law, quia non capit Christus, capit fiscus, also if one charge his land to mortmain
Newton CJCP, for the sake of argument: the king can disinherit one, and put him to death, which is against the law, if the Parliament will not, so then the king by his Parliament will not estop the Rector from having the benefit of this grant by another Parliament; thus no fifteenths will be granted, which is against law that the king will not have a subsidy from his lieges in his necessity
Hody CJKB: Sir, even though the king by his Parliament could disinherit one, or Parliament could defeat an estate made in another Parliament; yet one of his people will be discharged; if he wanted to say in Parliament that he did not want to agree to such grant, this will be of no value, because the grant is effectual enough if the greater part agree to this (majority rule), but if the grant be made to any one of the people, this would be against law and contradictory in itself; this fine now due to the king is a profit of his court which he inherits by right of his court; also it is a profit of his Court of Parliament, even though it not be due to him except by the grant of his people with the assent of his lords together in one place deputed to this, which makes the Parliament (politics), thus to my thinking the king can grant the profits of his Court of Parliament as he can of his other Courts before the thing granted be in him, because the right of this Court is an inheritance to him; and also, Sir, the Parliament is the highest Court that the king has, and he inherits in this Court to have such fifteenths as he does in another Court to have his issues, because the same law that provides that the king will defend his people (is) the same law that provides that the people will grant to him from their goods in aid of his defence (social contract), which proves (the king's) inheritance; after such grant had by his people, the lords of the realm must approve this, and the king must accept this (politics) |
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Statham Grannte 7, an extremely long entry, dated this Trin. 19 Hen. 6, stated that it was in Exchequer Chamber, mentioned the commonalty and mayor of L., attributed a speech to Sjt Portyngton (addressed to Fulthorpe JCP) that King's Sjt Fortescue's case proved the grant to be good, because I could grant that you should not be impeached for waste, and also that you cease for two years, I shouuld not have an action, and yet at the time of the grant I ha no cause of action; Hunt BEx said that it seemed that he should not be discharged by the plea, but he should have a writ of the king to the Barons of the Exchequer to discharge him as Fulthorpe JCP had said; and they adjourned; well argued, etc.
Statham Quid juris clamat 5, dated Mich. 18 Hen. 6, may be this case? (or 1439.010)
Brooke Parliament 88 was also dated 1441.080 = Mich. 20 Hen. 6, pl. 25, fol. 12b-13b
Spelman's Reports, Feffementz pl. 19, 93 SS 152: the king cannot grant a thing of which he does not have the possession or inheritance, to enure by way of grant; but it is (effective) to enure by way of covenant; as (where) the king grants to someone that he will not pay tenths (dismez, tithes) before the tenths (dizmez, tithes) are granted by the clergy, it is a good covenant, and in the same case although he cannot have an action of covenant against the king, yet he can plead this against the king; but the king cannot grant someone part of the tenths (dizmez, tithes) before the tenths (dizmez, tithes) are granted. Thereas on is apparent (causa patet) (the reason appears) |
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| probably noted in Spelman's Reports, Feffementz pl. 19, 93 SS 152 |
King
Grant
Letters Patent
Rector
Confrere
Friar
Brother
Successor
Always
Tax
Tallage
Commonalty
Tithe
Clergy
Realm
Goods
Chattel
Tenements
Possession
Discharge
Acquittance
Licence
Appropriation
Holding
Use (oeps)
Own Use
Church
Parish
Parish Church
Name
Entry
Collector (coillour)
Payment
Sum
Levying
Cause
Parliament
Appearance
Plea
Contents
Matter
Dismissal
Attorney
King's Attorney
Attorney General
Demurrer
Record
Manner
Avail
Effect
Effectual Grant
Disablement
Disability
Proof
Understanding
Deed
Obligation
Voidance
Power
Binding
Lease
Manor
Term of Years
Reversion
Fine
Quid Juris Clamat
Attornment
Claim
Freehold
Force
Finding
Loss
Term
Tenth (tax)
Fifteenth (tax)
People
Modo Solito
Estoppel
King's Tenant
Death
Heir
Livery
Suit
Distinction
Nature
Release
Confirmation
Right
Making (confection)
Grantor
In Esse
Term of Life
Punishment
Waste
Lord
Cessavit
Demand
Parcel
Joint Tenancy
Formedon
Rejoinder
Pending the Writ
Re-entry
Assize
Undertaking
Case
Inheritance
Inheritance in Law
Cessation
Argument (mouve)
Benefice
Appropriation
Payment of Tax
Lay Chattel
Regard
Reason
Nulla Est Ratio
Impertinence
Inconvenience
Charge
Ergo
Felony
Trespass
Time
Against Common Right
Common Right
Justice
Against Justice
Sufferance
Sooner Suffer a Mischief Than an Inconvenience
Acceptance
Receipt
Feoffment
Estate
Advantage
Manner
Propriety 63
Proper Grant
Fair
Vill
Toll
Warren
Hunting Ground
King's Court
Height
Highest Court
Highest Inheritance
Law As Inheritance
Subject
King's Subjects
Rule
Amercement
Revenue
King's Bench
Common Pleas
Authority
King's Writ
Party
Calling
Answer
Summons to Parliament
Knight
Burgess
Election
Choice
Attainder
Forfeiture
Judgment
Person
Strength
Action
Covenant
Direction
Baron of the Exchequer
Way
Prejudice
Apprehension
Homicide
Slaying
Killing
Impeachment
Appeal
Appeal of Homicide
Entirety
Denial
Suicide
Felo De Se
Ordinary
Intromission
Intestate
Intestacy
King's Law
Quod Non Capit Christus, Capit Fiscus
Christ
Fisc
Treasury
Mortmain
Rent Charge
Statute
Gratia Argumenti
Sake of Argument
Disinheritance
Putting to Death
Against the Law
Benefit
Party in Law
Quasi Diceret
Subsidy
Liege
Necessity
Contrary
Defeat
Mention
Special Mention
Annulment
Aid
Value
Part
Day
Simul & Semel
Petition
Petition to the King
Truth
Common Plea
Bar
Without Impeachment of Waste
Absque Impetitione Vasti
Impeachment of Waste
Title
Devolution
Seisin
Recovery
In Lieu
Ensue
Warranty
Stranger
Impleading
Deraignment
Profit 64
Issues
Court of Parliament
Assent
Assent of the Lords
Assembly
Together
Deputation
Deputy
Recognisance
Chancery
King's Chancery
Issues
Perquisite
Accrual
Loss of Issues
Disobedience
Command
De Voluntati Populi Sui Spontanea
Will of the People
Spontaneity
Penal Sum
Person
Restraint
Speaking
Provision
Old Custom
Custom
General Grant
Devise
Devisable Land
Elder Course
Course
Defence
Defence of the People
Lords of the Realm
Realm
Approval
Acceptance
Chief Baron
Serjeant
Advice
According to Law
Abbey
Adjournment
Clergy of the Realm
Consequence
Per Consequens
Exclusion
Special Grant
Commonalty of London
Disseisin
Mayor
Disseisor
Special Inheritance
Private Person
Common Seal
Seal
Certainty
Execution
Special Grant
Ouster
Chief Justice
De Donis Conditionalibus
Condition
Conditional Gift
Fee Tail
Writ of Right
Process
General Chose
Express Mention
General Statute 65
Common Law
Special Privilege
Exception
Modo Solito Levando
Usage
Privilege
Exemption |
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