224
PARTISAN REVIEW
of the developmentalist. The current questions and controversies revolve
only around how much weight should be given to which aspect of thera–
peutic action-relational or verbal interpretation-and around which
interpreted content would be most relevant and timely. It is my opinion, as
described in the beginning of this paper, that both relational aspects and
interpretation have their place in the analytic enterprise and that the inter–
pretive content from all frames of reference mentioned are of essential value
and meaning, at the proper time, in all well-conducted analyses.
In conclusion, let me add just a few words on the current state of the
art from a cultural and geographic point of view. From its original
Freudian beginning in Central Europe-Vienna, Berlin, Budapest-psy–
choanalysis has spread throughout the world. Now, America, long
dominated by classical ego psychology, al
0
teaches the American brand of
object relations theory, as well as self-psychology in some institutes. In
England, there is an equal division between Klein and Freud, with the
London institute having a Kleinian, a Freudian and an independent tract.
In Latin America, Kleinian theory is the dominant theory, wi th Freud and
Lacan in the minority. In France, Lacan, in£1uenced by philosophers like
Derrida, has played a major role in the intellectual life of analysts. French
analysts, ever eclectic, are also touched by Winnicott, Klein, Bion, and
Ferenczi, but repudiate American ego psychology as too reality oriented
and superficial. Hungary, emerging from behind the Iron Curtain, follow–
ing Ferenczi's and Balint's emphasis on mother/child interaction and
fueled by Imre Hermann's attachment theories, has maintained its partic–
ular brand of object relations theory; and now Russia and Czechoslovakia
are setting up psychoanalytic institutes with exchange candidates, instruc–
tors and Training Analysts, supported spiritually and financially by groups
and individual European and American analysts and a task force of the
International Psychoanalytical Association. At the other end of the world
as well,Japanese psychoanalysis based on different nuclear complex related
to guilt toward the "good" mother, is opening its doors to Western psy–
choanalysis. And Korea and the rest of the Pacific Rim are setting up new
training centers with invited European and American Training Analysts.
Psychoanalysis seems to be alive and well and living all over the world.
Morris Eagle: I have the pleasure of introducing Dr. Edith Kurzweil. She
is University Professor, Director of the Center of Humanities and Social
Thought at Adelphi University and is also editor of
Partisan Review.
Her
most recent books are
The Freudians:A Comparative Perspective
and
Freudians
artd Feminists.
Edith Kurzweil: Then and now, Freud's psychoanalysis attempted to
explain civilizational as well as intrapsychic phenomena; then and now,
