Vol.15 No.5 1948 - page 609

PARTISAN REVIEW
yet antagonistic factors which govern capitalist society, Marxism neglected
certain regressive factors such as the persistence of ideologies which stand
in the way of adaptation to economic realities. This might have seemed
of secondary importance in periods of ascendancy like the nineteenth
century. But in a period of economic decomposition and political catas–
trophe the regressive factors become dominant; myth, traditions, old
ideologies which in earlier periods had been pushed into the background
by purposeful activity, now become decisive. In the face of this social
sickness, 'classical Marxism is as defenseless as was the pre-Freudian
physician in the face of a patient's compulsion neurosis.
Man exists only as a particle, as a private being, in the plebeian mass.
The social being is destroyed in each individual. This is why such a
mass calls for a leader. The atomized individual who is denied direct
contact with society can only exist through a Fuhrer who monopolizes
the individual's social essence and his political consciousness. The mass
of
declasses
recognizes itself in the Fuhrer, identifying itself with him.
The totalitarian party, the militarized plebs, differs from any kind
of democratic party just as a disciplined army differs from civil society.
In the Nazi party, the alienation of man was complete. The individual
core disappeared, what remained was only an object, an unconscious
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608
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