In this study, we are studying whether children’s developing ability to infer knowledge from mistakes is related to children’s selective learning and teaching in two cultures: the United States and China. We taught American and Chinese preschoolers a simple game and introduced them to three puppets: one puppet played the game perfectly, another made one mistake, and a third made two mistakes. We asked children how much each puppet understood about the game and then asked children to teach the puppets. Children then completed a selective learning task where they had to choose between informants who differed in their relative accuracy. Finally, children completed a Theory of Mind battery.

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