The course builds on the concepts presented in OS 521, and is designed to provide the dental student with a more in-depth post-operative pain management and an introduction to anxiety control of the dental patient. This will include consideration of the impact of prescribing practices and substance use disorder. Emphasis is placed on the psychology of pain, behavior techniques, nitrous oxide, oral and intravenous sedation, along with general anesthesia. Patient evaluation and the prevention and treatment of medical emergencies and management of anesthetic complications will be discussed. Prescription and medical consult writing exercises are given throughout the course.