{"id":225628,"date":"2023-05-08T15:26:03","date_gmt":"2023-05-08T19:26:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/?post_type=bu-article&#038;p=225628"},"modified":"2023-05-08T22:08:08","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T02:08:08","slug":"air-pollution-from-oil-and-gas-production-contributes-to-thousands-of-early-deaths-childhood-asthma-cases-nationwide","status":"publish","type":"bu-article","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/news\/articles\/2023\/air-pollution-from-oil-and-gas-production-contributes-to-thousands-of-early-deaths-childhood-asthma-cases-nationwide\/","title":{"rendered":"Air Pollution from Oil and Gas Production Contributes to Thousands of Early Deaths, Childhood Asthma Cases Nationwide"},"content":{"rendered":"\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-leadin sphnews-block-editorial-leadin is-style-text-over-image has-media has-media-focus-center-middle has-text-position-x-left has-light-theme\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-lockup\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-leadin-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-scaled.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"Little girl using inhaler\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-636x424.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-2048x1365.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-755x503.jpg 755w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-600x400.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/oil-and-gas-asthma-1200x800.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-outer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wp-prepress-tag\">air pollution<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"head\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tAir Pollution from Oil and Gas Production Contributes to Thousands of Early Deaths, Childhood Asthma Cases Nationwide\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"deck\">Totaling $77 billion in annual health costs, these impacts affected communities in states with high oil and gas production,\u00a0as well as states with limited or no gas activity,\u00a0underlining the need for comprehensive regulatory action to protect Americans from the pollutants generated by this sector.\u00a0<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar sphnews-prepress-layout-metabar\">\n\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-date\">May 8, 2023<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-credits\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-credit-type=\"By\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/news\/authors\/jillian-mckoy\/\">Jillian McKoy<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-share js-bu-prepress-share-tools\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span>Twitter<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span>Facebook<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-action\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\n<p>Despite global efforts to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy, oil and gas (O&amp;G) production is&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.forbes.com\/sites\/rrapier\/2023\/01\/06\/2022-saw-the-second-highest-oil-production-in-us-history\/?sh=b2c10811d758\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">nearing record levels<\/a> in the United States, posing concern among health experts about what this O&amp;G growth means for air quality and human health. While there is extensive research on the climate effects of O&amp;G-produced methane\u2014a key contributor to air pollution\u2014few studies have measured the health effects of the air pollution that O&amp;G activity generates.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A new study led by the School of Public Health, the University of North Carolina Institute for the Environment (UNC-IE), PSE Healthy Energy, and Environmental Defense Fund fills this gap.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Published in the journal&nbsp;<em><a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1088\/2752-5309\/acc886\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Environmental Research: Health<\/a><\/em>, the study found that air pollution from the oil and gas sector in the United States has substantial adverse impacts on air quality, human health, and health costs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The findings show that the pollutants nitrogen oxide , fine particulate matter (PM2.5)&nbsp;and ozone (O3) from U.S. oil and gas production contributed to 7,500 excess deaths, 410,000 asthma attacks, and 2,200 new cases of childhood asthma across the U.S. in 2016. Factoring in related respiratory and cardiovascular-related hospitalizations, adverse pregnancy outcomes, and other health challenges, oil and gas production was responsible for $77 billion in annual health costs. Comparatively, this total is three times the estimated climate impact costs of methane emissions from oil and gas operations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These impacts were largely concentrated in areas with significant oil and gas production, such as southwest Pennsylvania, Texas, and Eastern Colorado. But the health effects also extended into densely populated cities with little or no gas activity, such as Chicago, New York City, Baltimore, Washington DC, and Orlando.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The study results suggest that O&amp;G emissions reduction policies, such as the forthcoming EPA methane regulations, may produce immediate and significantair quality benefits to human health along with&nbsp;&nbsp;significant climate benefits. The researchers urge policymakers to consider these \u201cco-benefits\u201d in future emissions reduction strategies. They also stress that strategies that focus on end-of-pipe pollution controls during combustion\u2014such as in power plants, vehicles, buildings, and industry\u2014are only addressing part of the problem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bu-pullquote sphnews-block-bu-pullquote has-image-focus-center-middle\"><div class=\"wp-block-bu-pullquote-inner\"><figure><\/figure><blockquote><div class=\"container-lockup\"><div class=\"container-icon-outer\"><div class=\"container-icon-inner\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container-text\"><hr\/><div class=\"quote-sizing\">These substantial impacts from oil and gas production show that there are serious consequences across the full life cycle of oil and gas.<\/div><footer class=\"caption\">Jonathan Buonocore, assistant professor of environmental health<\/footer><hr\/><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThese substantial impacts from oil and gas production show that there are serious consequences across the full life cycle of oil and gas, from \u2018well to wheels,\u2019 \u2018well to power plant,\u2019 and \u2018well to furnace,\u2019\u201d says study corresponding author&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/profile\/jonathan-buonocore\/\">Jonathan Buonocore<\/a>, assistant professor of environmental health. \u201cThe health impacts are not just from the combustion of oil and gas. In order for energy, air quality, and decarbonization policies to successfully protect health, they need to incorporate health impacts across this full life cycle.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The five states with the highest impacts from O&amp;G pollution were Texas, Pennsylvania, Ohio, Oklahoma, and Louisiana were those with significant oil and gas activity. However, Illinois and New York\u2014states that produce very little O&amp;G\u2014still landed in the 6<sup>th&nbsp;<\/sup>and 8<sup>th&nbsp;<\/sup>spots.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe fact that air pollution and health impacts cross state boundaries indicates a strong need for regional to nationwide coordination,\u201d says study senior author&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/sph.unc.edu\/adv_profile\/sarav-arunachalam\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Saravanan Arunachalam<\/a>, research professor at UNC-IE. \u201cStates that have the highest emissions are not necessarily always the ones with the highest health risk due to these emissions, although Texas ranks first in both.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A novelty of this modeling framework is the inclusion of health impacts of NO2, and the use of an advanced model that better captures the chemistry of emissions from the O&amp;G sector. Among the three pollutants, NO2\u00a0was the highest contributor to the overall health impacts, producing 37 percent of these effects, followed by O3 at 35 percent, and PM2.5 at 28 percent. The vast majority of these effects pertained to mortality. NO2\u00a0contributes to the formation of PM2.5\u00a0and O3, so strategies to reduce O&amp;G-produced NO2 could be effective in reducing health impacts. State regulations addressing precursor\u00a0NO2 emissions from the oil and gas sector could help mitigate\u00a0childhood asthma cases for communities living in proximity to the emission sources, and provide secondary ozone and\u00a0PM2.5 health benefits in downwind\u00a0areas.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"aligncenter size-large is-resized\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-1024x625.jpeg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-225661\" width=\"633\" height=\"386\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-1024x625.jpeg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-636x388.jpeg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-768x469.jpeg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-1536x938.jpeg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-755x461.jpeg 755w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-1628x994.jpeg 1628w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-900x549.jpeg 900w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma-1200x733.jpeg 1200w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2023\/05\/erhasthma.jpeg 1725w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 633px) 100vw, 633px\" \/><figcaption>Asthma exacerbation due to PM<sub>2.5<\/sub>\u00a0and NO<sub>2<\/sub>\u00a0from oil and gas in 2016.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cCurbing oil and gas emissions is one of the fastest, most cost-effective ways to reduce methane and other air pollutants, which improves air quality, protects public health and slows climate change,\u201d says study co-author&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.edf.org\/people\/ananya-roy\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Ananya Roy<\/a>, senior health scientist at EDF. \u201cIt\u2019s critical that the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency strengthen and finalize its&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/controlling-air-pollution-oil-and-natural-gas-industry\/epa-issues-supplemental-proposal-reduce\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">proposed oil and gas methane rules<\/a> as quickly as possible. These proposed rules should build from leading state approaches in Colorado and New Mexico and go further to end pollution from the practice of routine flaring.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The authors say future studies should focus on learning more about health impacts across the full life cycle of O&amp;G production, as well as the benefits of additional O&amp;G pollution control strategies.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThere are technologies and strategies to reduce methane leaks, emissions from compressor stations, or emissions from other sources, such as ponds and dehydrators,\u201d Buonocore says. \u201cEach of these strategies will have different effects on the levels of different pollutants that get emitted.\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>There is also more work to be done to quantify the health impacts of emissions that the study did not examine, such as benzene and formaldehyde, Arunachalam notes. \u201cExposure to these pollutants which have been detected near oil and gas wells can cause cancer and several other adverse health impacts, and quantifying them will demonstrate even higher public health benefits of controlling emissions from this sector.\u201d<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Despite global efforts to transition from fossil fuels to clean energy, oil and gas (O&amp;G) production is&nbsp;nearing record levels in the United States, posing concern among health experts about what this O&amp;G growth means for air quality and human health. While there is extensive research on the climate effects of O&amp;G-produced methane\u2014a key contributor to [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15205,"featured_media":225634,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"bu_prepress_billboard":"","_bu_prepress_primary_term":"air pollution","_bu_prepress_primary_term_manual":""},"tags":[2142,1538,1086,2261,4032,3162,2178,3887],"bu-publication":[3516],"sphnews-article-category":[3519,3529,3531,3540],"sphnews-topic":[],"bu_edition":[],"media_type":[],"profile_tax":[4002],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/225628"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bu-article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15205"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=225628"}],"version-history":[{"count":11,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/225628\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":225663,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/225628\/revisions\/225663"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/225634"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=225628"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=225628"},{"taxonomy":"bu-publication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-publication?post=225628"},{"taxonomy":"sphnews-article-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sphnews-article-category?post=225628"},{"taxonomy":"sphnews-topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/sphnews-topic?post=225628"},{"taxonomy":"bu_edition","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu_edition?post=225628"},{"taxonomy":"media_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_type?post=225628"},{"taxonomy":"profile_tax","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/profile_tax?post=225628"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}