{"id":217003,"date":"2022-09-22T15:28:55","date_gmt":"2022-09-22T19:28:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/?post_type=bu-article&#038;p=217003"},"modified":"2026-03-16T13:28:59","modified_gmt":"2026-03-16T17:28:59","slug":"the-aftermath-of-fast-fashion-how-discarded-clothes-impact-public-health-and-the-environment","status":"publish","type":"bu-article","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/news\/articles\/2022\/the-aftermath-of-fast-fashion-how-discarded-clothes-impact-public-health-and-the-environment\/","title":{"rendered":"The Aftermath of Fast Fashion: How Discarded Clothes Impact Public Health and the Environment"},"content":{"rendered":"\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-leadin sphnews-block-editorial-leadin is-style-emphasis-on-text has-media has-media-focus-center-middle\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-lockup\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-leadin-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1600\" height=\"1200\" src=\"\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-636x477.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-1024x768.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-768x576.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-1536x1152.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-755x566.jpg 755w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-1333x1000.jpg 1333w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-900x675.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/files\/2022\/09\/Scultpture-in-Talbot-1200x900.jpg 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-outer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wp-prepress-tag\">viewpoint<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"head\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tThe Aftermath of Fast Fashion\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"deck\">How Discarded Clothes Impact Public Health and the Environment<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar sphnews-prepress-layout-metabar\">\n\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-date\">September 22, 2022<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-credits\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-credit-type=\"By\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/news\/authors\/dielle-lundberg-mph\/\">Dielle Lundberg<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-credit-type=\"By\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/news\/authors\/julia-devoy-phd-mts-mba\/\">Julia DeVoy, PhD, MTS, MBA<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-share js-bu-prepress-share-tools\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span>Twitter<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span>Facebook<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-action\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\n<p><em>Viewpoint articles are written by members of the SPH community from a wide diversity of perspectives. The views expressed are solely those of the authors and are not intended to represent the views of Boston University or the School of Public Health. We aspire to a culture where&nbsp;all can express views in a context of civility and respect. Our guidance on the values that guide our commitment can be found at&nbsp;<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/news\/articles\/2024\/revisiting-the-principles-of-free-and-inclusive-academic-speech\/\">Revisiting the Principles of Free and Inclusive Academic Speech<\/a>.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Every year, people in the United States throw out more than <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling\/textiles-material-specific-data\">34 billion pounds<\/a> of used textiles. Divided across the population, that\u2019s more than 100 pounds of textile waste per person each year.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>However, textile waste generation does <em>not<\/em> occur equally. People with higher incomes generate on average <a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0956053X21005390\">76% more clothing waste<\/a> than people with lower incomes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Once textiles are discarded, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling\/textiles-material-specific-data\">66%<\/a> of them are sent to landfills in the U.S. where they decompose &#8212; some quickly and others over hundreds of years. While landfills in the U.S. are designed in theory to capture and contain landfill gasses and polluted waters that emerge during the decomposition process, numerous <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1637771\/\">health concerns<\/a> have been reported by people living near landfill sites. Landfills are also not located equitably. Landfills are <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pmc\/articles\/PMC1964896\/\">2.8 times<\/a> more likely to be located in areas with a higher percentage of BIPOC residents.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, only <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/facts-and-figures-about-materials-waste-and-recycling\/textiles-material-specific-data\">15%<\/a> of used textiles are theoretically \u2018recycled,\u2019 and of those, <a href=\"http:\/\/forbes.com\/sites\/dianneplummer\/2025\/04\/18\/the-secret-world-of-fashion-waste-\u2028trash-dumps-and-global-inequity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">up to half<\/a> are simply shipped abroad to other countries, largely in the Global South where they land in landfills there. These countries often have less advanced municipal waste systems, meaning that the environmental damage and health impacts of decomposing textiles will be much greater there than they would be in the United States.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\">\n<blockquote class=\"instagram-media\" data-instgrm-captioned=\"\" data-instgrm-permalink=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cyvre30sIjs\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" data-instgrm-version=\"14\" style=\" background:#FFF; border:0; border-radius:3px; box-shadow:0 0 1px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.5),0 1px 10px 0 rgba(0,0,0,0.15); margin: 1px; max-width:540px; min-width:326px; padding:0; width:99.375%; width:-webkit-calc(100% - 2px); width:calc(100% - 2px);\"><div style=\"padding:16px;\"> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cyvre30sIjs\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" background:#FFFFFF; line-height:0; padding:0 0; text-align:center; text-decoration:none; width:100%;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\"> <div style=\" display: flex; flex-direction: row; align-items: center;\"> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 40px; margin-right: 14px; width: 40px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 100px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 60px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 19% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display:block; height:50px; margin:0 auto 12px; width:50px;\"><svg width=\"50px\" height=\"50px\" viewBox=\"0 0 60 60\" version=\"1.1\" xmlns=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" xmlns:xlink=\"https:\/\/www.w3.org\/1999\/xlink\"><g stroke=\"none\" stroke-width=\"1\" fill=\"none\" fill-rule=\"evenodd\"><g transform=\"translate(-511.000000, -20.000000)\" fill=\"#000000\"><g><path d=\"M556.869,30.41 C554.814,30.41 553.148,32.076 553.148,34.131 C553.148,36.186 554.814,37.852 556.869,37.852 C558.924,37.852 560.59,36.186 560.59,34.131 C560.59,32.076 558.924,30.41 556.869,30.41 M541,60.657 C535.114,60.657 530.342,55.887 530.342,50 C530.342,44.114 535.114,39.342 541,39.342 C546.887,39.342 551.658,44.114 551.658,50 C551.658,55.887 546.887,60.657 541,60.657 M541,33.886 C532.1,33.886 524.886,41.1 524.886,50 C524.886,58.899 532.1,66.113 541,66.113 C549.9,66.113 557.115,58.899 557.115,50 C557.115,41.1 549.9,33.886 541,33.886 M565.378,62.101 C565.244,65.022 564.756,66.606 564.346,67.663 C563.803,69.06 563.154,70.057 562.106,71.106 C561.058,72.155 560.06,72.803 558.662,73.347 C557.607,73.757 556.021,74.244 553.102,74.378 C549.944,74.521 548.997,74.552 541,74.552 C533.003,74.552 532.056,74.521 528.898,74.378 C525.979,74.244 524.393,73.757 523.338,73.347 C521.94,72.803 520.942,72.155 519.894,71.106 C518.846,70.057 518.197,69.06 517.654,67.663 C517.244,66.606 516.755,65.022 516.623,62.101 C516.479,58.943 516.448,57.996 516.448,50 C516.448,42.003 516.479,41.056 516.623,37.899 C516.755,34.978 517.244,33.391 517.654,32.338 C518.197,30.938 518.846,29.942 519.894,28.894 C520.942,27.846 521.94,27.196 523.338,26.654 C524.393,26.244 525.979,25.756 528.898,25.623 C532.057,25.479 533.004,25.448 541,25.448 C548.997,25.448 549.943,25.479 553.102,25.623 C556.021,25.756 557.607,26.244 558.662,26.654 C560.06,27.196 561.058,27.846 562.106,28.894 C563.154,29.942 563.803,30.938 564.346,32.338 C564.756,33.391 565.244,34.978 565.378,37.899 C565.522,41.056 565.552,42.003 565.552,50 C565.552,57.996 565.522,58.943 565.378,62.101 M570.82,37.631 C570.674,34.438 570.167,32.258 569.425,30.349 C568.659,28.377 567.633,26.702 565.965,25.035 C564.297,23.368 562.623,22.342 560.652,21.575 C558.743,20.834 556.562,20.326 553.369,20.18 C550.169,20.033 549.148,20 541,20 C532.853,20 531.831,20.033 528.631,20.18 C525.438,20.326 523.257,20.834 521.349,21.575 C519.376,22.342 517.703,23.368 516.035,25.035 C514.368,26.702 513.342,28.377 512.574,30.349 C511.834,32.258 511.326,34.438 511.181,37.631 C511.035,40.831 511,41.851 511,50 C511,58.147 511.035,59.17 511.181,62.369 C511.326,65.562 511.834,67.743 512.574,69.651 C513.342,71.625 514.368,73.296 516.035,74.965 C517.703,76.634 519.376,77.658 521.349,78.425 C523.257,79.167 525.438,79.673 528.631,79.82 C531.831,79.965 532.853,80.001 541,80.001 C549.148,80.001 550.169,79.965 553.369,79.82 C556.562,79.673 558.743,79.167 560.652,78.425 C562.623,77.658 564.297,76.634 565.965,74.965 C567.633,73.296 568.659,71.625 569.425,69.651 C570.167,67.743 570.674,65.562 570.82,62.369 C570.966,59.17 571,58.147 571,50 C571,41.851 570.966,40.831 570.82,37.631\"><\/path><\/g><\/g><\/g><\/svg><\/div><div style=\"padding-top: 8px;\"> <div style=\" color:#3897f0; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:550; line-height:18px;\">View this post on Instagram<\/div><\/div><div style=\"padding: 12.5% 0;\"><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: row; margin-bottom: 14px; align-items: center;\"><div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(0px) translateY(7px);\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; height: 12.5px; transform: rotate(-45deg) translateX(3px) translateY(1px); width: 12.5px; flex-grow: 0; margin-right: 14px; margin-left: 2px;\"><\/div> <div style=\"background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; height: 12.5px; width: 12.5px; transform: translateX(9px) translateY(-18px);\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: 8px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 50%; flex-grow: 0; height: 20px; width: 20px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 2px solid transparent; border-left: 6px solid #f4f4f4; border-bottom: 2px solid transparent; transform: translateX(16px) translateY(-4px) rotate(30deg)\"><\/div><\/div><div style=\"margin-left: auto;\"> <div style=\" width: 0px; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-right: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(16px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; flex-grow: 0; height: 12px; width: 16px; transform: translateY(-4px);\"><\/div> <div style=\" width: 0; height: 0; border-top: 8px solid #F4F4F4; border-left: 8px solid transparent; transform: translateY(-4px) translateX(8px);\"><\/div><\/div><\/div> <div style=\"display: flex; flex-direction: column; flex-grow: 1; justify-content: center; margin-bottom: 24px;\"> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; margin-bottom: 6px; width: 224px;\"><\/div> <div style=\" background-color: #F4F4F4; border-radius: 4px; flex-grow: 0; height: 14px; width: 144px;\"><\/div><\/div><\/a><p style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; line-height:17px; margin-bottom:0; margin-top:8px; overflow:hidden; padding:8px 0 7px; text-align:center; text-overflow:ellipsis; white-space:nowrap;\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.instagram.com\/p\/Cyvre30sIjs\/?utm_source=ig_embed&amp;utm_campaign=loading\" style=\" color:#c9c8cd; font-family:Arial,sans-serif; font-size:14px; font-style:normal; font-weight:normal; line-height:17px; text-decoration:none;\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">A post shared by BU School of Public Health (@busph)<\/a><\/p><\/div><\/blockquote>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>As <a href=\"http:\/\/www.mfifashionghana.org\">Matilda Lartey<\/a>, an environmental activist and artisan in Ghana, explained in a recent <a href=\"http:\/\/aftermathlearninglab.com\/textilewastefacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">panel discussion<\/a>, textile waste from the United States has multiple impacts on countries like Ghana:\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ol><li>Much of the clothing sent from abroad is of too low quality to use, meaning it goes directly into landfills or open-air dumps. From there, the gas and chemical leachates that emerge during the decomposition process pollute the air, soil, and groundwater and negatively impact the environment and health of humans and other species.&nbsp;<\/li><li>Unwanted used clothing often clogs the gutters, preventing water from flowing properly. This exacerbates flooding and leads to water-borne disease. This is particularly problematic as climate change has increased the incidence of flooding in many parts of the Global South.<\/li><li>Due to limited space, people will burn unwanted clothing, resulting in significant air pollution impacting respiratory and cardiovascular health.<\/li><\/ol>\n\n\n\n<p>Many people in the Global North (primarily the US and Europe) assume when they donate clothes to organizations like Salvation Army, Goodwill, or Planet Aid that they will be reused locally, but this is typically not the case. The amount of used clothing that thrift stores in the United States receive greatly exceeds the amount that they are able to sell here. Thus their solution is to ship the excess clothing abroad.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>But this system of shipping unwanted used clothing to other countries relies on a major assumption &#8212; that these countries \u2018want\u2019 it. Increasingly, that is simply not to be the case. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.nytimes.com\/2017\/10\/12\/world\/africa\/east-africa-rwanda-used-clothing.html\">Rwanda, Kenya, Tanzania, Uganda, and Burundi<\/a> have all either banned or attempted to ban used clothing imports.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While the issue of shipping clothing abroad often spurs a polarized debate between those concerned about its environmental and health impacts and those convinced that it benefits the countries who receive it, the real issue, at the end of the day, isn\u2019t the fact that clothing is being shipped abroad but rather that the amount of clothing being shipped is far too great and the quality of the textiles sent is too low.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That\u2019s where <a href=\"http:\/\/aftermathlearninglab.com\/sculpture\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Aftermath<\/a> comes in!<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Aftermath, an environmental and public health sculpture is a large-scale art advocacy installation that explores the serious impacts of textile waste. As part of its upcoming national tour, the sculpture is on display at the Boston University School of Public Health from September 19 to October 7, 2022, in the lobby of the Talbot Building.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Created by developmental psychologist and social activist <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/aftermathlearninglab.com\/team\/julia-devoy\" target=\"_blank\">Julia DeVoy<\/a> (associate dean of undergraduates at Boston College. LSEHD) and her long-time collaborator <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/aftermathlearninglab.com\/team\/dielle-lundberg\" target=\"_blank\">Dielle Lundberg<\/a> (research fellow at BUSPH, public health data analyst, and multimedia artist), alongside premier artist <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/www.markfcooperart.com\/\" target=\"_blank\">Mark Cooper<\/a> (professor at Boston College) <em>and <\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/aftermathlearninglab.com\/team\/matilda-lartey\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Matilda Lartey<\/em><\/a><em> (founder of the <\/em><a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"http:\/\/mfifashionghana.org\" target=\"_blank\"><em>MFI Foundation<\/em><\/a><em>),<\/em> the Aftermath sculpture brings together textiles, a landfill simulating reactor, and technology to ask: \u201cWhat do we do with the mountain of used clothing that is being generated every single year in the United States?\u201d<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-group\"><div class=\"wp-block-group__inner-container\"><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<script async=\"\" src=\"\/\/www.instagram.com\/embed.js\"><\/script>\n\n\n\n<p>While the Aftermath sculpture is designed to invite more questions than answers, for those left yearning for solutions, the sculpture provides several entry points for learning. Embedded within the sculpture is activist \u2018protest\u2019 signs in the shape of everyday T-shirts that contain QR codes that link to <a href=\"http:\/\/aftermathlearninglab.com\/textilewastefacts\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Textile Waste Facts<\/a> &#8212; a free and public 30-minute crash course on textile waste and environmental justice developed in tandem with the Aftermath sculpture. The multimedia learning modules include firsthand accounts from environmental activists and people affected by fashion pollution in the Global South, interactive data visualizations, and an opportunity to create your own personal action plan for contributing to individual and policy-level changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Ultimately, Aftermath challenges its audience to reframe fashion textile pollution as an issue of global public health and environmental justice that can only be solved through sustained, transdisciplinary and collective efforts to achieve real political and applied action changes.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>While it does serve as a warning, it points to many generative possibilities too &#8212; most importantly the power of interdisciplinary, collaborative, and global dialogue to intervene in a climate crisis and create shared value for real people, planet, and purpose.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><em>This viewpoint was updated on March 16, 2026.<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<aside class=\"wp-block-editorial-aside sphnews-block-editorial-aside\">\n<h3 class=\"has-text-align-center\">Did you know that textile waste is a public health issue?<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"has-text-align-center\">Want to learn more about what else is public health? Check our what educational opportunities are possible in public health &#8211; online or in-person. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-button aligncenter\"><a class=\"wp-block-button__link has-vivid-purple-background-color has-text-color has-background\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/sph\/admissions\/\" style=\"color:#ffffff\">Learn more<\/a><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n<\/aside>\n\n\n\n<p><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Viewpoint articles are written by members of the SPH community from a wide diversity of perspectives. The views expressed are solely those of the authors and are not intended to represent the views of Boston University or the School of Public Health. 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