| 1495.113 |
1495 |
King's Bench |
(Treason for Counterfeiting?) (or Forfeiture of a Recognisance?) |
Malum prohibitum
Pluralitie
Bastardie
Malum per se
Diversite
Paix |
| Mich. |
11 |
Hen. 7 |
35 |
11b-12a |
| Fyneux, John CJKB Fineux Chief Justice |
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| Brooke Charter de pardon 76, Licenses 24 (not 42), Prerogatife 141 (not 14), Recognisans 22 |
1 Hen. 7, fol. 3 (twice)
37 Hen. 6, fol. 5
21 Edw. 4, fol. 48 |
the statute = perhaps 25 Edw. 3 (1352), stat. 5, ch. 2 (treason to counterfeit the king's money)
the statute = perhaps 2 Hen. 6 (1423), ch. 5 or 8 Hen. 6 (1429), ch. 17 |
| Diversite entre malum prohibitum & malum per se. Car malum prohibitum est, ou le |
14 |
(Perhaps a defendant had pleaded that the king had granted to defendant a dispensation or license to commit the offence before defendant had committed the offence.)
Fyneux CJKB said that the king's dispensation or license in advance would be void if the offence were a 'malum in se' but would be valid if the offence were a 'malum prohibitum'. |
Statut prohibite que on ne fera monnoie, & s' il face, que il sera pendu, ceo est 'malum prohibitum': car devant le dit Statut fuit loyal acte, faire monnoie, mes or nient: & pur cest matter le Roy poit dispenser; Issint si on eskippe laine in autre lieu que al' Calice, ceo est 'malum prohibitum': car est prohibite per Statut, & pur cest 'malum' le Roy poit dispenser; Issint le Roy poit dispenser ove un presbiter que il aura deux benefices, & que bastard serra Prestre, & ceo est 'malum prohibitum': & in tiels cases semblables; Mes 'malum in se' le Roy, ne nul auter poit dispenser; Sicome le Roy veut pardone a occire un auter, ou luy licence a faire nusance in le haut-chemin, ceo est void, & uncore quand ils sont faits, le Roy poit estre pardone; Issint est si on soit oblige in un recognisance in Chancery au Roy sur le paix garder al' suite d' un home, le Roy ne poit relesser cel' dutie per le preiudice que poit avenu al' auter, & uncore quand il est forfait, il poit bien relesser, & devant nemy; Et issint le Roy, ne nul Evesque, ou Presbiter poit donne licence a un a faire lecherie, 'quia est malum in se' en Ley de nature: mes quand il est fait, ils poient assoiler assez bien;
Quod nota per Fyneux CJKB |
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John Fyneux was appointed CJKB on 24 Nov. 1495. |
interesting case, fundamental distinction in criminal law between what is bad in itself (innately bad, malum in se, bad by natural law) and what is bad merely because a statute has been enacted to prohibit it (malum prohibitum, bad by positive law)
malum prohibitum: coining money (que on ne fera monnoie, faire monnoie, 'making money'); shipping (exporting) wool elsewhere than through Calais; a priest holding two benefices (plurality), a bastard being ordained a priest
malum in se: homicide (a occire un auter, to slay another); committing a nuisance in the highway (a faire nusance in le haut -chemin); breach of the peace; committing lechery (a faire lecherie)
this report, certainly after Fyneux's appointment 24 Nov. 1495, seems to be a later proceeding in a prosecution for counterfeiting coins
Fyneux CJKB: distinction between 'malum prohibitum' and 'malum per se'; because 'malum prohibitum' is where the statute prohibits that one will not make money (perhaps 25 Edw. 3 (1352), stat. 5, ch. 2 ), and if he makes it (money), that he will be hanged (pendu), this is 'malum prohibitum, because before the said statute it was a lawful act to make money, but now (it is) not (lawful to coin money), and for this bad (mal) the king can dispense (the king can grant in advance that one will not be punished for coining money); so if one ships (eskippe, exports) wool (laine) to (in) another place than to Calais (Calice), this is 'malum prohibitum', because it is prohibited by statute (perhaps 2 Hen. 6 (1423), ch. 5 or 8 Hen. 6 (1429), ch. 17), and for this 'malum' the king can dispense; so the king can dispense with a priest (presbiter) that he will have two benefices, and that a bastard will be a priest (Prestre), and this is 'malum prohibitum', and in such similar cases
but neither the king nor anyone else can dispense for 'malum in se'; as if the king wanted to pardon (one) to slay (occire) another, or license (licence) him to commit a nuisance in the highway (le haut-chemin, high road), this is void, and yet when they (homicide or public nuisance) are committed (sont faits), the king can pardon them; so it is if one be obliged on a recognisance in Chancery to the king to keep the peace at the suit of someone (un home, a plaintiff), the king cannot release this indebtedness (dutie) for the prejudice that can befall to another (the plaintiff), and yet when it (the recognisance) is forfeit, he (the king?) can well release, and before (the king can) not; and so neither the king nor a bishop, nor a priest (Presbiter) can give licence to one to commit lechery (lecherie), which is 'malum in se' in the law of nature (en Ley de nature), but when it (lechery) is committed, they (the king, a bishop, or a priest) can absolve (assoiler) well enough
which note by Fyneux CJKB |
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Brooke Licenses 24, fol. 65v: le roy poit don licence de fair malum prohibitum, sed non de faire malim in se, mes il poit ceo perdon quant ceo est fait |
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Distinction (Diversite)
Malum Prohibitum
Malum Per Se
Statute
Prohibition
Money
Making Money
Coining
Counterfeiting
Hanging (pendu)
Before The Statute
Lawfulness (loyal)
Lawful Act
Bad (mal)
King
Dispensation
Dispensing
Shipping (eskippe)
Exportation
Exporting
Wool (laine)
Place (lieu)
Prohibited By Statute
Priest (presbiter)
Benefice
Two Benefices
(Plurality)
Bastardy
Bastard
Priest (Prestre)
(Ordination)
Case
Similarity
Suchlike
Malum In Se
Pardon
Slaying (occire)
Homicide
Killing
License (licence)
Nuisance
Committing Nuisance
Highway (le haut-chemin)
High Road
Road
Voidance
Void License
(Ex Ante)
(Ex Post)
Obligation
Recognisance
Chancery
Recognisance To The King
Peace
Keeping The Peace
Recogisance To Keep The Peace
Suit
Release
King's Release
Indebtedness (dutie)
Prejudice
Befalling (avenu)
Forfeiture
Bishop (Evesque)
Priest (Presbiter)
Giving License
Lechery
Sex
Unlawful Sexual Intercourse
Committing Lechery
Law of Nature
Malum In Se in Law Of Nature
Natural Law
Absolution (assoiler)
Sufficiency (assez)
Well Enough
Note
Chief Justice |
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