| 1486.003 |
1486 |
Common Pleas |
Trespass for assault, battery, and imprisonment |
Trespas
Justification
Custome in London
Prescripcion
Travers
Cookold
Bracton |
Vavasour, John Sjt Vavisor
Bryan, Thomas CJCP Brian
Calow, William Sjt Colow
Townshend, Roger JCP Towns.
Catesby, John JCP
Bryan, Thomas CJCP or Huse, William CJKB le Chief Justice
Starkey, Humfrey CBEx
Catesby, John JCP
Nele, Richard JCP
Townshend, Roger JCP Townsend
Catesby, John JCP
Townshend, Roger JCP Townsend
Catesby, John JCP
Townshend, Roger JCP
Catesby, John JCP (mentioned) |
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God
Bracton
Phinehas (Phinees) |
London (Londres), a ward and parish in
B., ward of, in London
the Counter (le Counter), a debtors' prison in London
Rome (Romains)
France (Francois)
England (Angleterre)
Israel
Gentiles
B., hypothetical venue
Exchequer
Star Chamber |
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27 Hen. 8, fol. 14 (twice)
Bracton
Nom' 25 (Numbers 25:6-8) (Bible citation)
9 Edw. 4, fol. 27
14 Hen. 6, fol. 23
19 Hen. 6, fol. 65
22 Edw. 4, fol. 42
21 Hen. 7, fol. 39 (twice)
5 Hen. 4, fol. 7
Littleton, Tenures 113
13 Hen. 7, fol. 10 |
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| Secundo die Termini Vavisor reherse coment un avoit porte briefe de Transgressioun d' assaut, batery & imprisonment |
109 |
(Plaintiff had previously brought a writ of Trespass for assault, battery, and imprisonment for two days committed against plaintiff by defendants in London in a ward.
Defendants had pleaded in bar that there was a custom in London that if an information were made to any constable in London that any man within the constable's jurisdiction were with any woman in adultery, the constable would call the beadle and others of the same parish, to go to the house, and to take the man in adultery, to bring him to the Counter, and there to send him away (demitteront), and defendants pleaded in fact that at another day in another parish (that defendants showed with certainty) an Information was given to one defendant then and before a constable of the same parish, that plaintiff was within the same parish in adultery with a woman, by force of which he (the constable) called to himself the other defendants, who, according to the said custom, went to the house and found plaintiff in adultery, by force of which defendants took plaintiff, brought plaintiff to the Counter, and delivered plaintiff to one such warden of the Counter, denying that defendants were guilty before this day or afterwards, and denying that defendants were guilty in the parish where plaintiff supposed the trespass on the day on which plaintiff had declared.
Plaintiff had demurred in law on this.)
On the second day of Hil. 1486, Sjt Vavasour rehearsed this pleading and plaintiff now prayed his judgment, because defendants' plea was of no avail (ne vault), because such a custom (chose) could not lie in our law, and likewise because defendants had justified in another ward and parish, when defendants should have denied that defendants were guilty in London in any parish and ward.
Bryan CJCP agreed.
Plaintiff also said that plaintiff had supposed that defendants had imprisoned plaintiff for two days, but defendants solely justified for one day, so defendants had not answered to both days, and also defendants said in their plea that defendants brought plaintiff to the Counter, and sent him away (a luy demitt-), and defendants did not say for what time nor for how much time plaintiff was there.
Sjt Calow and Townshend JCP said that defendants' plea was good, first because the custom (matter) well lay in prescription, because the custom could have lawful commencement, and that defendants' traverse was good.
Catesby JCP said that the prescription was good.
All the Justices went into Exchequer Chamber, and no more was done on this (second) day (of Hil. 1486).
So it was adjourned.
On the next day, Bryan CJCP went out of Common Pleas (Place) into the Star Chamber.
Starkey CBEx went into the Exchequer.
Then Catesby JCP wanted to argue the matter, to make it ripe (pur faire luy ripe), and Catesby JCP said that the matter lay well in prescription and custom, but said that defendant's plea was not well pleaded, because defendants had not alleged what would be done to plaintiff when plaintiff was in the Counter, and for other reasons.
Nele JCP argued that the matter did not lie in custom, because it was purely spiritual guilt, and that defendants' traverse was not good, because defendants had not pleaded what would be done to plaintiff when plaintiff was brought to the Counter.
Townshend JCP said that defendants' plea was good, and that the matter lay well in custom, because adultery was a temporal thing as well as a spiritual thing, and that there was no need for defendants to plead what would be done to plaintiff when plaintiff was brought to prison.
Catesby JCP said that the Court ought not acknowledge a private custom in London.
Townshend JCP said that this was not a private custom, but a public good (un Publique weale), and a custom that was lawful in every city, borough, and vill in all realms.
Catesby JCP said that if this were true, defendant ought to have shown what would be the end (fine).
Townshend JCP went further and said that defendant's pleading was sufficient.
(The parties) had a day.
Then at another day plaintiff granted that the action would be adjourned. |
(for Ds:) ils avoient tiel custom en Londres, s. si information soit fait a ascun Constable en Londres, que ascun deins lour Jurisdiction soit ove ascun feme en avoutry (= adultery), il appelera le Bedel, & auters de mesme le paroisse & ira a la meason, & s' ils troveront le home en avoutry, ils luy prendront & amesnrent a le Counter, &c. et la luy demitteront
Sjt Vavasour (for P): tiel chose ne poit gesir in nostre Ley, pur ceo que il est merement espiritual: ensement il ad justifie en auter Ward & Paroisse, Sans ceo que il est culpable le dit lieu ou le plaintif ad counte, que ne vault: car il duissent aver dit, Sans ceo que il fuit culpable in Londres, &c. en ascun paroisse & Ward: car pur traverser le Rien culpable in le Ward &c. n' est a purpos
Sjt Calow and Townshend JCP: le matter bien giser in prescripcion, pur ceo que il fuit bon pur le conservation del' paix & bon rule; Car en chescun avowtry (= adultery) est un tort in nostre Ley a le tierce person, s. a l' baron, car il n' est loial a ascun home a prendre ascune feme, & s' il fait, ceo est tort al' baron, et cest prove bien que le baron aura action de Trespas del' trespas fait a sa feme, & ensement del' prisel & amesner de sa feme, qui prove bien tort fait al' tierce person, le quel tort n' est tort solement al' baron, eins ensement disturbance del' pais, & un grievance de touts ses voisins, d' ceo que est vray tort a ascune person, & comon disturbance a touts voisins, & entant gist bien in prescription a corriger cest; Et a ceo que est dit que il est espiritual, &c. et aura spirituel correction, ceo n' est grandement a purpos: car per Ley de Saint Esglise si le baron trove un Prestre en avowtry ove sa feme, il poit tuer le home & sa feme pur le tort fait a luy sans damage, & cest Ley prove un tort fait al' baron, & il est un grand peche & peril per Ley de Dieu & home, & l' occasion de cest poit destruir tout le Cite ou Borough: car les voisins voillont appele luy Cookold, & sur cest accrust un grudge, & de cest batery & manslaughter, & issint grand disturbance de paix, & bonne governance, le quel est prohibite (per Bracton) per Ley des Romains, Francois, & Angleterre, & que le Roy d' Angleterre prohibite touts ceux choses sur grevous peines temporels: et ensement fuit prohibite per le Civil Ley, car Phinees tua un des fits Israel concubeant ove une feme des Gentiles, & 'placuit multum Deo' (come apparust,) 'percussit Phinees, & cessavit scelus'; 'Item' feme pris in avowtry sera mort- per la Ley; Et ceux choses prove bien que cest custome poit aver loial commencement; Purque &c.
Catesby JCP: le matter gist bien en prescription & custome, pur ceo que fuit en preservacion del' paix; Et si un Constable voit un home que tende a faire assaut en un auter, il luy arrestra, & ne suffre luy a enfrendre le paix, car chescun chose que sonne al enfrender del' paix & le publique weale, il est loyal a luy arrester, &c. issint le matter gist bien en custome; Mes il n' est bien plede: car il n' allege qui sera fait de luy, quand il est en le Counter, s. le quel il demurt la tanque il ad fait un fine, ou un jour, ou deux jours, ou in perpetuitie, & si en perpetuitie, donq le custome n' est loyal; Et d' un custome en Londres nous ne poimus conustre le fine sinon que il soit allege, & ceo n' est pas; Purque &c.; Ensement le ple ne vault pur plusors auters choses; Un est, que quand il dit que a tout le trespas forsque le assaut batery & imprisonment, que fuit surmis per ii jours, il justifie l' assaut batery & imprisonment en auter lieu, & a auter jour, & ne dit en fait, 'Le quel est mesme le trespas dont' &c. donq le Sans ceo n' est a purpos
Nele JCP: le matter ne gist en custome, pur ceo que il est merement spirituel culpable; Ensement le traverse n' est bon, pur ceo que il dit nient qui serra fait de luy quand il est amesne al' Counter: ensement le traverse n' est bon, 'causa qua supra'
Townshend JCP: que l' matter gist bien en custome: car avowtry est chose temporal, sibien come spirituel, & enconter le paix del' terre; Car le paix del' terre est, que chescun sera en paix en sa meason ove sa feme, enfants, biens & chateux, & que a tort luy disquiete d' ascuns de eux, enfrend le paix & l' publique weale de mesme le City ou Borough; Et si ascun enter en sa meason a luy robber, il est felony, ou burglary: et s' il soit a prendre les biens, il est felony, ou trespas al' moins; Donq a prendre & misuser sa feme est plus grand trespas, le plus shame & villeny, & grand cause d' enfrende del' paix, & del' publique weale deins mesme l' Cite: et en chescun avoutry est tort fait al' baron, qui est le iii persone, & l' enfrendre de s' meason, &c.; Purque &c.; Et quant al' conclusion que il ne dit que sera fait de luy quand il est amesner al' prison, il ne besoigne: car les defendants ne sont forsque officers, & suffist a eux alleger suffisant matter pur leur excuse; Sicome un Constable voit un home batent s' voisin, il luy arrester, & commet a garde, mes ne dira oustre que sera fait de luy, &c.
Catesby JCP: Ceo est voier, car ceo est Comon Ley, & ceo disons nous conustre: mes un privat custome en Londres nient, &c.
Townshend JCP: Ceo n' est un privat custome, mes un Publique weale, & custome que est loyal en chescun Cite, Borough & Ville pur touts Royaulmes
Catesby JCP: S' il soit issint, jeo mesme agre, sinon, donques il doit monstrere que sera le fine, &c.
Townshend JCP alla oustre & dit: Quant a cest que Catesby JCP ad dit, que il covient justifier mesme le trespas, s' il avoit traverse: car auterment son travers n' est a purpos des choses nient locals, c' est voier: et semble que il fait issint icy, car il dit a tout l' trespas forsque &c. et eux justifie, donq il justifie mesme le trespas: et est tant en substance sicome il ust dit, 'Le quel est mesme le Trespas dont', &c. et si soit, donq il est travers; Car de ancien temps le defendant ne surmit en fait que il fait mesme le trespas dont &c. donq justifie 'ut supra'; Et quant a cest que il ne plede al commencement Rien culpable al' imprisonment forsque d' un jour, semble que il fait assez: car en le justification d' enprisonment, il justifie a un auter jour, San ceo que il est culpable devant cest jour, ou apres cest jour, ou a tout temps; Purque &c.; Et donq a cest que il dit Sans ceo que il est culpable en le dit Ward & paroisse l' dit ii jour, c' est doubtable coment il sera pris: car il disoit come devant Sans ceo que il fuit culpable devant ou apres, son surmise & travers va a tout temps exceptant tantsolement mesme le jour, en quel il justifie, & or il dit, Sans ceo que est culpable en le dit Ward le dit jour: or il ne traversera sinon tantsolement ceo jour, le quel n' est suffisant; Mes le quel cest serra pris come void ou nemy, ceo est a voir, & semble que si, pur ceo que il ad sufficient respondu a tout temps devant, & s' il ne poit estre pris issint, donq il est double, ou nient suffisant: et issint est le ple nient en Ley |
whether London could have a custom for the correction of adultery
London custom 'pleaded as a justification in false imprisonment, no judgment', Baker & Milsom, p. 310, n.2
Sjt Calow and Townshend JCP: the matter (London custom) lies well in precription, because it is good for the conservation of the peace and good rule; because in every adultery (avowtry) there is a wrong (tort) in our law to the third person, that is, to the husband, because it is not lawful for any man to take (commit adultery with, prendre) any wife (feme, woman), and if he does, this is a wrong (tort) to the husband, and this proves well that the husband will have an action of Trespass for the trespass committed against his wife, and likewise (ensement) for the taking and carrying away (amesner) of his wife, which proves well that a wrong (tort) was done to the third personn, which wrong (tort) is not a wrong (tort) solely to the husband, but likewise (is a) disturbance of the peace, and a grievance to all his neighbours (voisins), for this that is a true wrong (tort) to any person, and a common disturbance to all neighbours (voisins), and inamuch it lies well in prescription to correct this (wrong); and to what is said that it is spiritual, etc., and will have spiritual correction, this is completely irrelevant (n' est grandement a purpos), because by the law of holy Church (canon law) if the husband finds a priest in adultery with his wife, he can slay (tuer, kill) the man (priest) and his wife for the wrong done to him (husband) without damage, and this law proves that a wrong (tort) (is) done to the husband, and it (adultery) is a grave sin and peril by the law of God and man, and the occasion of this can destroy all the city or borough, because the neighbours would call him (the husband) a cuckold (Cookold) , and a grudge accrues on this, and battery and manslaughter from this, and so a great disturbance of the peace, and (of) good governance, which (adultery) is prohibited, by Bracton, by Roman, French, and English law, and that the king of England prohibits all those things on grievous temporal penalties, and likewise it is prohibited by the civil law, because Phinehas slew (tua, killed) one of the sons of Israel who cohabited (concubeant) with a Gentile woman (a Midianitish woman), and it pleased God very much, as it appears, that Phinehas struck him, and the plague ceased (Numbers 25:6-8); again, a woman taken in adultery will be put to death by the law, and these things prove well that this custom can have a lawful commencement, so, etc.; and as to the traverse, denying that defendants were guilty before or after the day that defendants justified, it seems that this is good, and this proves always to be a good answer, and inasmuch as at the beginning defendants had pleaded 'not guilty' except for the imprisonment of one day, and even though it is not formally pleaded, it seems that he (plaintiff) is answered by this traverse; and as to the other, denying that defendants were guilty in the parish or ward that plaintiff had counted, it seems that the traverse is good, and defendants cannot have a better traverse; as if an action of Trespass be brought against the bailiff of a franchise for a trespass supposed to have been committed outside of the franchise, that is, at B., the defendant justifies the taking within the franchise, denying that he is guilty at B. and not denying that he is guilty (anywhere) in the county; and it is not the same where one justifies in another county, there he will plead 'denying that he is guilty within the county where etc. because a justification goes in another county, he will traverse the trespass in this county, and this is good reasoning, but it will not be so here, because all is in one county, and it is not formal to take such a traverse, because if he wants to say 'denying that defendant is guilty in London or in another parish in London, what will the plaintiff say?, (will plaintiff say) that he is guilty in London, or in any other parish in London?, I say (that he will) not, but he will deny that he is guilty in the parish or ward, 'as above'
Catesby JCP: it seems to me that the prescription is good; and if he wanted to have argued, all the Justices went into the Exchequer Chamber, and more was not done this day
Catesby JCP: the matter lies well in prescription and custom, because it was in preservation of the peace; and if a constable sees one who intends to make an assault on another, he (constable) will arrest him, and will not permit him to break the peace, because for everything that sounds in a breach of the peace and of the public good (le publique weale), it is lawful to arrest him (the wrongdoer), etc., so the matter lies well in custom; but it is not well pleaded, because defendants did not allege what would be done to plaintiff when plaintiff was in the Counter, that is, whether plaintiff would remain there until he had paid (fait) a fine, or one day, or two days, or in perpetuity, and if (plaintiff would remain) in perpetuity, then the custom is not lawful; and for a custom in London we cannot acknowledge (conustre) the fine unless it be alleged, and this was not; so etc.; likewise the plea does not avail for several other things; one is, that when defendants pleaded as to all the trespass except the assault, battery and trespass, which (imprisonment) was surmised for two days, defendants justified the assault, battery, and imprisonment in another place, and at another day, and did not plead in fact 'which is the same trespass of which (plaintiff has counted), so the denial (Sans ceo) is irrelevant (n' est a purpos): because one will not be received in any case to take a denial (Sans ceo) unless he confesses the same trespass, because the justification of another trespass is irrelevant, and (for) his justification of another trespass the defendant does not take any denial (Sans ceo); so etc.; another cause (is) because defendants pleaded in the premise of their bar that as to al the trespass except the assault, battery, and imprisonment, 'not guilty'; so he ought to justify the imprisonment as it was counted (sicome il est contenu) and this was for fwo day; so etc.; another cause, (is) because (when) defendants pleaded a denial (Sans ceo) that he was guilty in the other ward, this was not good: because defendants ought to have pleaded 'denying that defendants were guilty in any other place'; and in several cases the defendant traverses the plaintiff as extensively (largement) as the plaintiff surmises; as in Debt on an obligation endorsed with several conditions, the defendant will excuse himself of all (the conditions), and yet the plaintiff only takes issue on one (of the conditions); beyond this, defendant had pleaded a denial (Sans ceo) that defendant was guilty in the said ward the said two days, which is of no avail to any extent to traverse the day, because if defendants be guilty at another day than (the day that defendant) had justified, defendants will be found guilty, etc.
Nele JCP argued that the matter did not lie in custom, because it (adultery) was merely spiritual guilt; likewise, the traverse was not good, because defendants did not plead what would be done to plaintiff when plaintiff was brought to the Counter: likewise the traverse is not good 'for the above reasons' (causa qua supra)
Townshend JCP: it seems that the plea is good, and that the matter lies well in custom, because adultery (avowtry) is a temporal thing, as well as a spiritual (thing), and against the peace of the land; because the peace of the land is that everyone will be in peace in his house with his wife, infants, goods, and chattels, and that to wrongfully disturb (disquiete) any of them breaks the peace and the public good (publique weale) of the same city or borough; and if anyone enteres into his house to rob him, it is a felony, or burglary, and if he be (in another's house) to take the goods, it is a felony, or at least a trespass; so to take and to misuse his wife is a greater trespass, the more shame and villainy, and an important (grande) cause of breach of the peace and of the public good (publique weale) within the same city, and in every adultery there is a wrong done to the husband, who is the third person, and the breaking of his house, etc.; so etc.; and as to the conclusion (of defendants' plea) that defendants did not plead what would be done to plaintiff when plaintiff was brought to prison, there is no need, because the defendants are only officers, and it suffices for them to allege sufficient matter to excuse themselves; as if a constable sees one beating his neighbour, he (constable) will arrest him (wrongdoer), and commit him to custody, but (the constable as a defendant) will not plead further as to what would be done to him (plaintiff wrongdoer), etc.
Catesby JCP: this is true, because this is common law, and we ought to acknowledge this, but not a private custom in London, etc.
Townshend JCP went further and said: as to what Catesby JCP had said, that defendants ought to have justified the same trespass, if they had a traverse, because otherwise their traverse was irrelevant (n' est a purpos) for things that were not local, this is true, and it seems that defendants did so here, because defendants pleaded to all the trespass except etc. and justified them (the assault, battery, and imprisonment), so defendants justified the same trespass, and it is in substance as much as if defendants had pleaded 'which is the same trespass of which (plaintiff had counted)' etc., and if it be (so), then it is traversed; because long ago (de ancien temps) the defendant did not surmise in fact that defendant had committed the same trespass of which (the plaintiff had counted) etc. so (a defendant) justified 'as above'; and as to this, that defendants only pleaded at the beginning 'not guilty' as to one day, it seems that defendants pleaded sufficiently (assez), because in the justification of an imprisonment, he (a defendant) will justify denying that defendants were guilty before this day, or after this day, or at any time; so etc.; and so to what was said (by Catesby JCP) denying that defendant was guilty in the said ward and parish the said two days, it is doubtful (doubtable) how defendant will take this (plea), because defendant pleaded previously denying that defendant was guilty before or afterwards, (so) defendant's surmise and traverse go always excepting solely the same day on which defendant justified, and now defendant pleaded, 'denying that defendant was guilty in the said ward on the said day', now defendant will traverse solely this day, which is insufficient; but whether this will be void or not, this is to be seen, and it seems that it is (void), because defendants had answered sufficiently for all previous time, and if defendants' plea could not be taken thus, then defendants' plea is double, or insufficient, and so defendants' plea is a nulllity in law
noted in J.H. Baker & S.F.C. Milsom, Sources of English Legal History (London, Butterworths 1986), p. 310 n.2 (attrib. to Mich. term)
London prison 'the Counter' also mentioned in 1431.140 = Mich. 10 Hen. 6, pl. 48, fol. 14b-15a and 1484.022 = Mich. 2 Ric. 3, pl. 22, fol. 9b-11a and 1535.067 = Mich. 27 Hen. 8, pl. 3, fol. 24a-26a |
| CP 40/893, m. 244 |
0 |
Gylys |
Watterkyn |
2009-06-27 |
Day
Second Day
Term
Rehearsal
Assault
Battery
Imprisonment
(False Imprisonment)
Ward
Pleading
Bar
Pleading In Bar
Custom
Local Custom
London Custom
Information
Constable
Jurisdiction
Wife (feme)
Woman (feme)
Adultery (avoutry)
Calling (appellera)
Beadle (Bedel)
Parish
Parishioners
House
Finding
In Adultery
Taking
Arrest (prendront)
Bringing (amesnront)
Counter
Sending Away (demitteront)
Fact
In Fact
Showing
Certainty
Giving Information
Parish Constable
Force
Accordingly
Delivery
Warden (gardien)
Denial (Sans ceo)
Sans Ceo)
Guilt
Declaration
Matter
Demurrer
Demurrer In Law
Judgment
Plea
Unavailing
Avail
Thing (chose)
Laying (gesir)
Our Law (nostre Ley)
Purity (merement)
Spiritual Thing
Spiritual
Likewise (ensement)
Justification
Place
Count
Traverse
Not Guilty
Rien Culpable
Irrelevance
Relevance
Purpose
Agreement (concessit)
Supposition
Solely (tantsolement)
Answer
Further
Time
How Much
Contrary
Opinion
Seeming
Good Plea
Well Laying
Prescription
In Prescription
Conservation
Peace
Conserving The Peace
Rule
Good Rule
Wrong (tort)
Third Person
Person
Third Party
Husband
Lawfulness
Anyone
Proof
Good Proof
Action
Carrying Off (amesner)
Disturbance
Disturbing The Peace
Grievance
Neighbour
Neighbourhood
Truth
True Wrong
Common Disturbance
Correction (corriger)
Spiritual Correction
Entirely (grandement)
Law Of Holy Church
Canon Law
Ecclesiastical Law
Priest (Prestre)
Slaying (tuer)
Homicie
Damage
Without Damage
Wrong To The Husband
Sin (peche)
Grave Sin (grand)
Peril
Risk
Law Of God
God
Law Of Man
Human Law
Occasion
Destruction
City
Borough
Cuckold (Cookold)
Accrual
Grudge
Manslaughter
Grave Disturbance Of The Peace
Governance
Good Governance
Prohibition
Bracton
Roman Law
France
French Law
England
English Law
King Of England
Grievous
Penalty (peine)
Grievous Penalty
Temporal Penalty
Civil Law
Phinehas
Son
Son Of Israel
Concubinage
Concubine
Cohabitation
Sex
Gentile Woman
Gentile
Pleasing
Appearance
Striking (percussit)
Cessation
Ceasing
Plague (scelus)
Again (Item)
Item
Taking In Adultery
Death
Dead By The Law
Lawful Commencement
Commencement
Good Traverse
Always
Tantamount
Formality
Formal Pleading
Formally
Better Traverse
Bailiff
Franchise
County
Dissimilarity
Reason
Good Reason
Reasoning
Ut Supra
Good Prescription
Argument
Exchequer Chamber
Adjournment
Morrow (lendemain)
Chief Justice
Star Chamber
Exchequer
Ripeness (ripe)
Preservation
Preservation Of The Peace
Preserving The Peace
Intent (tende)
Attempt (tende)
Arrest
Sufferance
Permission
Breaking
Breach Of The Peace
Breaking The Peace
Sounding
Public Weal
Public Good (publique weale)
Lawful Arrest
Good Pleading
Allegation
Remaining (demurre)
Fine
Making Fine
Two Days
Perpetuity
In Perpetuity
Unlawful Custom
Acknowledgement (conustre)
End (fine)
Surmise
Confession
Receipt
Cause
Premise
Contents
Largely
Extension (largement)
Extensively
Debt
Obligation
Debt On An Obligation
Endorsement
Condition
Excuse
Issue
Taking Issue
Verdict (trove)
Spiritual Guilt
Bad Traverse
Causa Qua Supra
Temporal Thing
Spiritual Thing
Peace Of The Land
Infant
Child
Goods
Chattels
Disquiet
Worry (disquient)
Entry
Robbery
Felony
Burglary
Taking Of Goods
At Least
Misuse
Misuse Of Wife
Worse Trespass
Shame
More Shamefulness
Villainy
Housebreaking
Conclusion
What Would Be Done
Need (besoigne)
No Need
Officer
Sufficiency
Sufficient Matter
Beating (batent)
Committal
Custody (garde)
Truth (voier)
Common Law
Private Custom
Public Good (publique weale)
(Common Good)
(Commonwealth)
Vill
Realm
Agreement
Going Further
Substance
In Substance
Long Ago (ancien temps)
Old Times
Sufficiency (assez)
Doubt
Doubtfulness (doubtable)
Exception (exceptant)
Voidance
Void Plea
Sight (voir)
Sufficient Answer
Answer
Double Plea
Insufficiency
Nullity (nient)
Annulment
Grant |
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