BOO KS
311
French Revolution.
The Communist Manifesto
of 1848 owes much to
the democratic revolution that took place in France from 1789 to 1794-
through the medium of French Socialist theory, which was impregnated
with the tradition of Robespierrist or Babouvist social democracy, and
through German Idealism, which claimed to be the theory of the French
Revolution. What is more, Marxism first comes to the fore as a revolu–
tionary movement in the period which may be seen as the link between
the two revolutions-the period in history which saw the failure of the
democratic promis'e of the first and the beginning of the egalitarian
promise of the second-that is, the Revolution of 1848. It was only after
the European Revolution of 1848-1851 had repeated the pattern of the
French Revolution of 1789-1799-the transformation of th'e democratic
"revolution of equality" into "bourgeois-liberal" society-that Marx
could exorcise "the ghost of the old Revolution," and warn that "the
social revolution of the nineteenth century cannot draw its poetry from
the past, but only from the future." And at that point, and only then,
does "the spectre of communism" begin in earnest to haunt the continent
of Europe.
COLUMBIA
UNIVERSITV
SUMMER SESSION
Writing Courses JuIY '5
to August 12
FICTION: John R. Humphreys, Grace
Paley, Gilbert Sorrentino
POETRY: Emile Capouya
NON-FICTION: Robert Phelps
WRITERS CONFERENCE: July 18 to
August 4. Monda)! through Thursday,
5:10 to 6:10 p.m. Lectures and dis–
cussions on problems of writing by
prominent guest writers, editors and
publishers. Open without fee to regis'
tered students of the Summer Ses·
sion, or for the comprehensive fee
of $25 to others. May be taken for 3
points' credit with Writers Conference
Seminar, which offers discussion and
criticism conducted by John R.
Humllhrey~.
For Bulletin or further information,
write or visit: Director of the Summer
SeSSion, Columbia University, New
York, N_Y. 10027. UNiversity 5-4000,
~~. 25~8.
Wallace Katz
"MarShall
MelUHAN
is the oracle
01 the
New
COmmunications."
-Newsweek
UNDER–
STANDING
MEDIA
The Extensions 01 Man
At
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