{"id":55,"date":"2014-10-07T13:56:40","date_gmt":"2014-10-07T17:56:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/?page_id=55"},"modified":"2026-03-13T13:41:35","modified_gmt":"2026-03-13T17:41:35","slug":"research","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/research\/","title":{"rendered":""},"content":{"rendered":"<style>\ndiv.indent {\n  text-indent: 0%;\n  margin-left: 0%;\n  margin-top: -1.5em;\n}<\/p>\n<p>hr {\n    display: block;\n    height: 1px;\n    border: 0;\n    border-top: 1px solid #ccc;\n    margin: 1em 0;\n    padding: 0;\n}<\/p>\n<p>h4 {\n    line-height: 80%;\n}<\/p>\n<\/style>\n<div style=\"width: 100%; border: solid 0px black; text-align: center; white-space: nowrap; overflow: hidden; margin-top: 0em;\">\n<hr style=\"border: 0; height: 1px; background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0,0,0,0), rgba(0,0,0,0.75), rgba(0,0,0,0)); margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 0em;\" \/>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; width: 23%; margin: 1% auto; border-right: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 2em; font-family: Verdana; font-variant: small-caps;\"><a href=\"\/moss\/research\/\" style=\"color: #cc0000;\">research<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; width: 23%; margin: auto; border-right: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 2em; font-family: Verdana; font-variant: small-caps;\"><a href=\"\/moss\/people\/\" style=\"color: #cc0000;\">people<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; width: 23%; margin: auto; border-right: 1px solid black; text-align: center;\"><span style=\"font-size: 2em; font-family: Verdana; font-variant: small-caps;\"><a href=\"\/moss\/courses\/\" style=\"color: #cc0000;\">teaching<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<div style=\"display: inline-block; zoom: 1; *display: inline; text-align: center; width: 23%; margin: auto; border: 0px solid black;\"><span style=\"font-size: 2em; font-family: Verdana; font-variant: small-caps;\"><a href=\"\/moss\/blog\/\" style=\"color: #cc0000;\">blog<\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<hr style=\"border: 0; height: 1px; background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0,0,0,0), rgba(0,0,0,0.75), rgba(0,0,0,0)); margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 1em;\" \/>\n<h1>Research<\/h1>\n<p align=\"justify\">Our group&#8217;s research is at the interface between structural mechanics and soft matter physics. We study large shape changes, pattern formation, and instabilities. If you are interested in these topics, I encourage you to read a review article from our group entitled <a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2019\/04\/2019_Holmes_COCIS.pdf\">&#8220;Elasticity and Stability of Shape-Shifting Structures&#8221;<\/a>.<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Books, Reviews, &#38; Commentary<\/h2>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2026\/03\/swelling-book-cover.jpeg\" alt=\"Mechanics of Swelling\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:1em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\"> Mechanics of Swelling<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Royal Society of Chemistry<\/i>, (2026)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nP. Nardinocchi, L. Teresi, D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Book:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/books.rsc.org\/books\/monograph\/2392\/Mechanics-of-Swelling\">Mechanics of Swelling<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:6cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Germain.jpeg\" alt=\"Sophie Germain\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:1em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\"> Germain Curvature: The Case for Naming the Mean Curvature of a Surface after Sophie Germain <\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>ar&chi;iv<\/i>, 2403622, (2023)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Essay:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2303.13615\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:4.55cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/sect1.jpg\" alt=\"Review\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Elasticity and Stability of Shape-Shifting Structuress<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Current Opinion in Colloid &#038; Interface Science<\/i>, <b>40<\/b>, 118-137, (2019)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Review:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1359029418300839\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/image1.jpeg\" alt=\"Kirigami Origami\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">A Cut Above: Folding and Cutting Advanced Materials<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Matter<\/i>, 2403622, (2019)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes and Y. Yang\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Invited Commentary:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/matter\/fulltext\/S2590-2385(19)30220-6\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/activeMatter.jpeg\" alt=\"Active Matter\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Growing and Morphing Shapes: Using Swelling and Geometry to Control the Shape of Soft Materials<br \/>\n<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Active Matter<\/i>, Ch. 18, 151-156, MIT Press, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes<br \/>\nPhoto Credits: A. Bade, P.T. Brun, H. Hwang, M. Pezzulla, and M. Steranka\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Book:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/mitpress.mit.edu\/9780262036801\/active-matter\/\">Publisher<\/a>][<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/18_-holmes.pdf\">Chapter<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:4.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Mechanical Metamaterials<\/h2>\n<p>Mechanical metamaterials are complex structures that perform operations by utilizing nonlinearities and instabilities in a functional way. Structural instabilities, like buckling and snapping, provide ways to change the state of a structure (either locally or globally), creating patterns and switches. Origami and kirigami use geometric and topological nonlinearities \u2013 such as creases and cuts \u2013 as building blocks to enhance stretchability, create auxetic materials, design linear actuators, and build robotic grippers.<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/XNOR-gate.gif\" alt=\"Kirigami Computing\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Mechanical Computing with Transmissive Snapping of Kirigami Shells<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Advanced Functional Materials<\/i>, 2403622, (2024)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nY. Yang, J. Feng, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adfm.202403622\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/battlingBeams.gif\" alt=\"Battling Beams\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">The Collective Snapping of a Pair of Bumping Buckled Beams<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Extreme Mechanics Letters<\/i>, 2403622, (2024)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nL.J. Kwakernaak, A. Guerra, D.P. Holmes, M. van Hecke\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352431624000403\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2401.11811\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/orderingBeams.gif\" alt=\"Ordering Beams\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Self-Ordering of Buckling, Bending, and Bumping Beams<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, 2403622, (2023)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Guerra, A.C. Slim, D.P. Holmes, and O. Kodio\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.130.148201\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2210.11324\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]<br \/>\n<b>Press:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/physics.aps.org\/articles\/v16\/54\">Physics<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/singleUnitCell.gif\" alt=\"Kirigami Gripper\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Grasping with Kirigami Shells<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Science Robotics<\/i>, 6, eabd6426, (2021)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nY. Yang, K. Vella, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.science.org\/doi\/10.1126\/scirobotics.abd6426\">Journal<\/a>]<br \/>\n<b>Press:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/ieeeras-softrobotics\/douglas-holmes-grasping-with-kirigami-shells\">IEEE: Soft Robotics Podcast<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tNlmeZvElMM\">Mecharithm<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/science\/this-innovative-robotic-gripper-can-pick-up-a-single-tiny-grain-of-sand\/\">CNET<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futurity.org\/robot-gripper-kirigami-2564702-2\/\">Futurity<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/thespoon.tech\/boston-university-develops-kirigami-based-gripper-for-robots\/\">The Spoon<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/articles\/2021\/these-soft-robotic-grippers-were-inspired-by-an-ancient-japanese-art-form\/\">BU The Brink<\/a>]<\/p>\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/kirigami-multistable.gif\" alt=\"Multistable Kirigami\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Multistable Kirigami for Tunable Architected Materials<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review Materials<\/i>, <b>2<\/b>, 110601(R), (2018)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nY. Yang, M.A. Dias, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prmaterials\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.2.110601\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/kirigami.gif\" alt=\"Kirigami Actuators\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Kirigami Actuators<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>13<\/b>, 9087&#8211;9092, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM.A. Dias, P.Z. Hanakata, M.P. McCarron, D. Rayneau-Kirkhope, D.K. Campbell, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/sm\/c7sm01693j\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:3.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Elastogranular Structures<\/h2>\n<p>When elastic structures (fibers, string, plant roots, filaments) are combined with granular matter (soil, rocks, sand) it can create <b>elastogranular<\/b> structures that gain functionality through the interplay between structural instabilities and granular jamming. Because these elastogranular composites can bear significant loads, they could therefore provide natural barriers to sand and soil erosion, provide critical infrastructure that can morph and adapt, and create scaffolds for vegetal and coral growth. The combination of slender elastic structures with granular materials can produce elastogranular structures that can either jam into a rigid structural form capable of bearing significant loads, or be remarkably fragile and flow like a fluid for recyclability and reversability. This unprecedented reconfigurability and range of mechanical behaviors has the potential to create a new paradigm for the development of functional materials and adaptable structures, for instance, by creating structures with a reconfigurable granular skeleton embedded within soft materials.<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/grainsOnSheet.gif\" alt=\"Elastogranular Sheet\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Elastogranular Sheets<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Matter<\/i>, <b>6<\/b>(4), 1217-1230, (2023)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Guerra and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590238523000553\">Journal<\/a>]<br \/>\n<b>Code:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/adguerra\/LAMMPSStructures\">GitHub: LAMMPSStructures<\/a>]<br \/>\n<b>Commentary:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590238523001133\">Matter: Perspective<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/fig1-v2.jpg\" alt=\"Elastogranular Columns and Beams\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Elastogranular Columns and Beams<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>18<\/b>, 8262-8270, (2022)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Guerra, C. Lautzenhiser, X. Jiang, K. Flanagan, D. Rak, S. Tibbits, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2022\/sm\/d2sm01010k\">Journal<\/a>]<br \/>\n<b>Commentary:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/journals\/articlecollectionlanding?sercode=sm&amp;themeid=76ed0950-d789-49db-a5c9-56d4b860132b\">Editorial Board: Highlighted Papers of 2022<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.4cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/armanEmergenceEG.jpg\" alt=\"Emergence of Elastogranular Columns\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Emergence of Structure in Columns of Grains and Elastic Loops<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>17<\/b>, 7662\u20137669, (2021)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Guerra and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2021\/sm\/d1sm00787d\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/EG-loop.gif\" alt=\"Packing Loops\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Packing Transitions in the Elastogranular Confinement of a Slender Loop<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>16<\/b>, 2039&#8211;2044, (2020)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.J. Schunter Jr., R.K. Czech, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2020\/sm\/c9sm02152c\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.11913\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/EGpoly.gif\" alt=\"Beam in Polydisperse Grains\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Elastogranularity in Binary Granular Mixtures<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Granular Matter<\/i>, 22:3, (2020)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.J. Schunter Jr., M. Boucher, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1007\/s10035-019-0954-y\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1911.11858\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/arch-1.jpeg\" alt=\"EG Arch\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px;float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Superjammed: Tunable and Morphable Spanning Structures Through Granular Jamming<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Technology|Architecture + Design<\/i>, 4:2, 211-220, (2020)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nZ. Cohen, N. Elberfeld, A. Moorman, J. Laucks, S. Kernizan, D.P. Holmes, and S. Tibbits<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/tadjournal.org\/superjammed-tunable-and-morphable-spanning-structures-through-granular-jamming\/\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.25cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/elastogranular.gif\" alt=\"Beams and Grains\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Elastogranular Mechanics: Buckling, Jamming, and Structure Formation<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>120<\/b>, 078002, (2018)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.J. Schunter, Jr., M. Brandenbourger, S. Perriseau, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.078002\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.07849\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/DSC_0907s.png\" alt=\"Beam in Grains\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Buckling of Elastic Beams Embedded in Granular Media<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Extreme Mechanics Letters<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 237-244, (2016)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA.R. Mojdehi, B. Tavakol, W. Royston, D.A. Dillard, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S2352431616300335\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<h2>Fundamental Mechanics of Slender Structures<\/h2>\n<p>The geometry and topology of thin structures dictates how they deform \u2013 it is easy to role a sheet of paper into a cylinder, but impossible to wrap it around a sphere without crumpling it, as this requires you to stretch it. A comparison of the energies for stretching and bending suggests that, if possible, a thin sheet will deform in a manner that avoid stretching as much as possible.<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/SRS_theory.png\" alt=\"Stimuli-Responsive Shell Theory\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Stimuli-Responsive Shell Theory<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids<\/i>, 1-36, (2023)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nJ.-H. Lee, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.sagepub.com\/doi\/10.1177\/10812865231159676?icid=int.sj-full-text.similar-articles.9\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/packingSheet.gif\" alt=\"Packing a Sheet\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Wrinkling and Developable Cones in Centrally Confined Sheets<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review E<\/i>, <b>108<\/b>, 035002, (2023)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nL. Stein-Montalvo, A. Guerra, K. Almeida, O. Kodio, D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.108.035002\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2209.05660\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:3.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-4.39.14-PM.png\" alt=\"Edge Snapping\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; margin-bottom:1.5cm; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Efficient Snap-Through of Spherical Caps by Applying a Localized Curvature Stimulus<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>The European Physics Journal E (EPJE) <\/i>, <b>45<\/b>(3), (2022)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nL. Stein-Montalvo, J.-H. Lee, Y. Yang, M. Landesberg, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.springer.com\/article\/10.1140\/epje\/s10189-021-00156-0\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/ar5iv.labs.arxiv.org\/html\/2108.09902\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]<br \/>\n<b>Press:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/about-springer\/media\/research-news\/all-english-research-news\/the-relationship-between-active-areas-and-boundaries-with-energy-input-in-snapping-shells\/20285174\">EPJE Highlight<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-4.44.20-PM.png\" alt=\"Viscoelastic Shell Buckling\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Delayed Buckling of Spherical Shells due to Viscoelastic Knockdown of the Critical Load<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>477<\/b>(3), 20210253, (2021)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nL. Stein-Montalvo, D.P. Holmes, and G. Coupier<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2021.0253\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/2104.02554\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/pressureCurvature.jpg\" alt=\"Pressure and Curvature Buckling\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Nonlinear Buckling Behavior of a Complete Spherical Shell Under Uniform External Pressure and Homogeneous Natural Curvature<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review E<\/i>, <b>102<\/b>, 023003 (2020)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes, J.-H. Lee, H.S. Park, and M. Pezzulla<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevE.102.023003\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1810.04078\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/buckling_diffswell_lobes2.gif\" alt=\"Buckling of Confined Shells\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Buckling of Geometrically Confined Shells<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>15<\/b>, 1215&#8211;1222, (2019)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nL. Stein-Montalvo, P. Costa, M. Pezzulla, and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2019\/sm\/c8sm02035c\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:4cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-12.56.29-PM.png\" alt=\"Knockdown Buckling\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Evolution of Critical Buckling Conditions in<br \/>\nImperfect Bilayer Shells through Residual Swelling<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>15<\/b>, 6134&#8211;6144, (2019)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Lee, D. Yan, M. Pezzulla, D.P. Holmes, and P.M. Reis\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2019\/sm\/c9sm00901a\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-1.51.45-PM.png\" alt=\"Eversion\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Static Bistability of Spherical Caps<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>474<\/b>, 20170910, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Taffetani, X. Jiang, D.P. Holmes, and Dominic Vella\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2017.0910\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1804.04219\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/voltageFrog.gif\" alt=\"Voltage Snapping\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Bioinspired Electrically Activated Soft Bistable Actuators<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Advanced Functional Materials<\/i>, 1802999, (2018)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nH. Shao, S. Wei, X. Jiang, D.H. Holmes, and T.K. Ghosh\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.201802999\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/snap.gif\" alt=\"Curvature-Induced Instabilities\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Curvature-Induced Instabilities of Shells<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>120<\/b>, 048002, (2018)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Pezzulla, N. Stoop, M.P. Steranka, A.J. Bade, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.048002\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.03888\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/image27.gif\" alt=\"Snapping Cylinders\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Snapping of Bistable, Prestressed Cylindrical Shells<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Europhysics Letters (EPL)<\/i>, <b>122<\/b>, 64003, (2018)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nX. Jiang, M. Pezzulla, H. Shao, T.K. Ghosh, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1209\/0295-5075\/122\/64003\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1804.03072\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-12.35.50-PM.png\" alt=\"Bilayer Shell\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Curvature-Driven Morphing of non-Euclidean Shells<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>473<\/b>, 20170087, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Pezzulla, N. Stoop, X. Jiang, and D.P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2017.0087\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.06563\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/buckling_diffswell_plate.gif\" alt=\"Bilayer Plate\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Geometry and Mechanics of Thin Growing Bilayers<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 4435&#8211;4442, (2016)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Pezzulla, G.P. Smith, Paola Nardinocchi, and Douglas P. Holmes\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2016\/sm\/c6sm00246c\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:3cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/hyperbolic.jpg\" alt=\"Saddle\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Morphing of Geometric Composites via Residual Swelling<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>11<\/b>, 5812&#8211;5820, (2015)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Pezzulla, S.A. Shillig, P. Nardinocchi, and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2015\/sm\/c5sm00863h\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-4.16.46-PM.png\" alt=\"Falling Slinky\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Falling Vertical Chain of Oscillators, Including Collisions, Damping, and Pretensioning<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Journal of Sound and Vibration<\/i>, <b>349<\/b>, 195\u2013205, (2015)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nR.H. Plaut, A.D. Borum, D.P. Holmes, and D.A. Dillard<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/abs\/pii\/S0022460X15002400?via%3Dihub\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1403.6809\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:3.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/snapping-popper.gif\" alt=\"Snapping Popper\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Dynamics of snapping beams and jumping poppers<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Europhysics Letters (EPL)<\/i>, <b>105<\/b>, 24001, (2014)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Pandey, D.E. Moulton, D. Vella, and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1209\/0295-5075\/105\/24001\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1310.3703\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/slinky.jpeg\" alt=\"Slinky\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Equilibria and Instabilities of a Slinky: Discrete model<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>International Journal of Non-Linear Mechanics<\/i>,  <b>65<\/b>, 236\u2013244, (2014)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes,  A.D. Borum, B.F. Moore III, R.H. Plaut, D.A. Dillard<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0020746214001206\">Journal<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1403.6809\">ar&chi;iv<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/wrinkle-to-fold.gif\" alt=\"Wrinkles and Folds\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Draping Films: A Wrinkle to Fold Transition<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>105<\/b>, 038303 (2010)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes and A.J. Crosby<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.105.038303\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:3cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<h2>Interfacial Mechanics<\/h2>\n<h3 style=\"margin-bottom:0em;\">Swelling of Gels and Rubber<\/h3>\n<p>When fluid comes into contact with an elastic network, it may infiltrate the material, causing it to significantly increase in size in order to absorb the fluid. The network is made of long polymer chains which form compact coils between crosslinks in the absence of fluid. As fluid is absorbed, the coils straighten out, decreasing their entropy in order to allow these fluid and solid to mix. During the swelling process, significant stress gradients can develop as the fluid diffuses through the material. This <i>differential swelling<\/i> can induce large, nonlinear deformations in slender structures.<\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2016\/06\/elastocap-swell.gif\" alt=\"Swelling Capillarity\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Rising Beyond Elastocapillarity<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 4886&#8211;4890, (2016)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes, P.-T. Brun, A. Pandey, and S. Protiere\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2016\/sm\/c6sm00329j\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>What&#8217;s Going On Here?<\/b> Two rubber fibers are dipped into a bath of oil. The oil rises via capillary action &#8211; surface tension draws the fluid up while gravity pulls it down. The fibers are flexible, so the surface tension bends them closer together &#8211; the same way that long, wet hair clumps together. As the oil begins to swell the rubber fibers, they bend to accomodate the difference in length between the wet and dry sides of the fiber. So there are two competing effects &#8211; surface tension pulling the fibers together, and swelling curling them apart.\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/2013_Pandey_SoftMatter.jpg\" alt=\"Swelling Crumpling\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Swelling-Induced Deformations: A Materials-Defined Transition from Macroscale to Microscale Deformations<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 5524\u20135528, (2013)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA. Pandey and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2013\/sm\/c3sm00135k\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:5.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/dancingDisks.gif\" alt=\"Dancing Disks\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left; margin-bottom: 1cm;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Bending and Twisting of Soft Materials by Non-Homogenous Swelling<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>7<\/b>, 5188\u20135193, (2011)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes, M. Roche, T. Sinha, and H. A. Stone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2011\/sm\/c0sm01492c\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/2008_Holmes_SoftMatter.jpg\" alt=\"Crumpled Surface Structures\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Crumpled Surface Structures<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>4<\/b>, 82-85 (2008)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes, M. Ursiny, and A.J. Crosby<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2008\/sm\/b712324h\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.75cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/2007_Holmes_AdvMat.jpg\" alt=\"Snapping Shells\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Snapping Surfaces<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Advanced Materials<\/i>, <b>19<\/b>, 3589\u20133593, (2007)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes and A.J. Crosby<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1002\/adma.200700584\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<h3>Fluid-Structure Interactions<\/h3>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-3.47.45-PM.png\" alt=\"Lubrication\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:110%;\">Extended Lubrication Theory: Improved Estimates of Flow in Channels with Variable Geometry<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>473<\/b>, 20170234, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nB. Tavakol, G. Froehlicher, D.P. Holmes, and H.A. Stone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2017.0234\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:0.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/voltageMicrofluidics.gif\" alt=\"Voltage Buckling Flow\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Voltage-Induced Buckling of Dielectric Films using Fluid Electrodes<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Applied Physics Letters<\/i>, <b>108<\/b>, 112901, (2016)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nB. Tavakol and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2017.0234\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-4.02.38-PM.png\" alt=\"Dielectric Buckling Flow\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Buckling of Dielectric Elastomeric Plates for Soft, Electrically Active Microfluidic Pumps<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>, 4789, (2014)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nB. Tavakol, M. Bozlar, C. Punckt, G. Froehlicher, H.A. Stone, I.A. Aksay, and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2014\/sm\/c4sm00753k\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-4.06.28-PM.png\" alt=\"Buckling Flow\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Control and Manipulation of Microfluidic Flow via Elastic Deformations<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 7049\u20137053, (2013)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nD.P. Holmes, B. Tavakol, G. Froehlicher, and H.A. Stone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2013\/sm\/c3sm51002f\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<h3>Solid-Solid Interfaces: Adhesion and Friction<\/h3>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/swellingAdhesion.gif\" alt=\"Swelling Adhesion\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:110%;\">Swelling Effects on Localized Adhesion of an Elastic Ribbon<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>475<\/b>, 20190067, (2019)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Curatolo, P. Nardinocchi, L. Teresi, and D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2019.0067\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-3.12.19-PM.png\" alt=\"Adhesion\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Revisiting the Generalized Scaling Law for Adhesion: Role of Compliance and Extension to Progressive Failure<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>13<\/b>, 7529&#8211;7536, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA.R. Mojdehi, D.P. Holmes, and D.A. Dillard<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/sm\/c7sm01098b\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:2cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/Screenshot-2024-08-15-at-3.17.56-PM.png\" alt=\"Friction\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:110%;\">Friction of Extensible Strips: An Extended Shear Lag Model with Experimental Evaluation<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>International Journal of Solids and Structures<\/i>, <b>124<\/b>, 125\u2013134, (2017)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nA.R. Mojdehi, D.P. Holmes, and D.A. Dillard\n<\/div>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0020768317302858?via%3Dihub\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<h2>Biomechanics and Morphogenesis<\/h2>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/opticCup-normal.gif\" alt=\"Optic Cup\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Elastic Instabilities Govern the Morphogenesis of the Optic Cup<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>127<\/b>, 138102 (2021)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nJ.-H. Lee , H.S. Park, D.P. Holmes<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/link.aps.org\/doi\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.127.138102\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!-- PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2024\/08\/fig1.jpg\" alt=\"Lipid Tubes\" style=\"width:200px;margin-right:15px; float: left;\"><\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:0em;>\n<h4 style=\"line-height:120%;\">Mechanics of Surface Area Regulation in Cells Examined with Confined Lipid Membranes<\/h4>\n<\/p>\n<p style= margin-top:-1.2em;>\n<i>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences<\/i>, <b>108<\/b>(22), 9084\u20139088, (2011)<\/p>\n<div class=\"indent\">\nM. Staykova, D.P. Holmes, C. Read, and H.A. Stone<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<p style= margin-top:-1em;>\n<b>Paper:<\/b> [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.pnas.org\/doi\/full\/10.1073\/pnas.1102358108\">Journal<\/a>]\n<\/p>\n<p style=\"margin-bottom:1.5cm;\">\n\n<\/p>\n<p><!-- END PAPER --><\/p>\n<p><!--\n\n\n\n<h2>Shape-Shifting Structures<\/h2>\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em;\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2016\/06\/Pezzulla2015_Cover.jpg\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\" style=\"margin-right: 1em;\" \/>The geometry and topology of thin structures dictates how they deform \u2013 it is easy to role a sheet of paper into a cylinder, but impossible to wrap it around a sphere without crumpling it, as this requires you to stretch it. A comparison of the energies for stretching and bending suggests that, if possible, a thin sheet will deform in a manner that avoid stretching as much as possible. This suggests that if we can actively tune a structure's local geometry by prescribing regions that stretch and shrink we will be able to programmatically shape and morph 3D structures on command. One pathway to actively morphing materials is by selectively swelling portions of a structure. This is analogous to the continuous shape change during the growth and decay of biological structures. Structures morph to accommodate an in flux of new material, either growing from an external nutrient source, or swelling from the absorption of water. Some of the most dramatic growth\u2013induced deformations occur with slender structures, such as growing leaves, wrinkling skin, and the writhing of tendril\u2013bearing climbers. We have demonstrated the controlled morphing of sheets into shells with a process known as <i>residual swelling<\/i>, which results in growth-like deformations.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/pollen.gif\" alt=\"Isometric Limit\" width=\"45.45%\" align=\"center\" \/><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/snap.gif\" alt=\"Isometric Limit\" width=\"54.5%\" align=\"center\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em;\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2016\/06\/SM_Cover_2016.jpg\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\" style=\"margin-right: 1em;\" \/>Swelling is a robust approach to structural change as it occurs naturally in humid environments and can easily be adapted into industrial design. Small volumes of fluid that interact favorably with a material can induce large, dramatic, and geometrically nonlinear deformations. If these fluids are precisely dispersed and polymerizable, they can control the morphology of a structure across many length scales. Consider the coupling of elastocapillarity and swelling. For example, when you put a straw into a liquid, the liquid rises via capillary action - surface tension draws the fluid up while gravity pulls it down. The smaller the straw diameter, the higher the fluid rises. If the walls of that straw are flexible, the fluid rises higher still as surface tension pulling on the walls is strong enough to bend them closer together. This is known as elastocapillarity, and it is what you see when bristles of a paintbrush or wet hairs clump together. Now, if the material is flexible and absorbent, like a sponge, the fluid will swell the walls, causing them to curl apart when wetted. So there are two competing effects - surface tension pulling the flexible objects together, and swelling curling them apart. In the image on the cover, two flexible and absorbent silicone rubber fibers are dipped into a bath of silicone oil. <img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/rising_beyond_elastocapillarity.gif\" width=\"40%\" align=\"right\" style=\"margin-left: 1em;\" \/>Initially, a balance between elasticity and capillarity pulls the fibers together, and then the swelling of the fluid into the material slowly curls the fibers apart. Eventually, the swelling-induced bending peeling them off the surface of the fluid bath, and a fluid droplet moves upward. The addition of swelling to the problem of elastocapillarity may bring new insights to the swelling and drying of many soft, porous, engineered materials, such as textiles and paper, as well the study of swellable biological structures, such as hair, certain types of plants, and other soft tissues. It is likely that swelling occurs in various elastocapillary environments, and to date it's effect has been ignored. For instance, elastocapillary coalescence is a common cause of failure during the photolithography of high aspect ratio pillars - as scientists begin printing and replicating soft structures, swelling could add significant complications. While similar large, curling deformations may not always be observed, confinement could lead to unexpected residual stresses, localized deformations, and delamination - these types of things are common culprits for the failure of soft materials. Finally, elastocapillary swelling could lead to the design of new types of soft actuators involving liquid transport and shape changes, thereby bridging the worlds of capillary origami and swelling-induced shape-changing structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em;\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/monkeysaddle.jpg\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr style=\"border: 0; height: 1px; background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0,0,0,0), rgba(0,0,0,0.75), rgba(0,0,0,0)); margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 1em;\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2>Elastogranular Interactions<\/h2>\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: 0em;\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/2018_Schunter_Cover.jpg\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\" style=\"margin-right: 1em;\" \/>While a structure's intrinsic geometry dictates the shape it would ideally like to adopt, its surroundings provide additional constraints. For example, a structure embedded and deforming in soft and fragile matter, such as tissues and granular media, requires considering the interplay between the deforming structure and its surrounding media. If we can actively control and direct these a flexible elastica, we can create advanced, autonomous structures capable of \u201cswimming\u201d around obstacles in various media. The structure may be an investigative drill penetrating an oily shale field with rock outcroppings, or a surgical probe passing around delicate neural tissue towards an elusive tumor in the brain.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p align=\"center\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/elastogranular.gif\" alt=\"Elastogranular\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\" \/><\/p>\n\n\n<img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2015\/03\/CAREER_Overview.jpg\" alt=\"Burrowing Elastica\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\" \/>\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em; line-height: 90%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/images\/logos\/nsf4.gif\" width=\"7%\" align=\"left\" style=\"margin-right: 1em; margin-top: -0.25em;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: .75em; font-style: italic;\">This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/awardsearch\/showAward?AWD_ID=1300860&amp;HistoricalAwards=false\">No. 1454153<\/a>. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr style=\"border: 0; height: 1px; background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0,0,0,0), rgba(0,0,0,0.75), rgba(0,0,0,0)); margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 1em;\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2>Mechanical Metamaterials<\/h2>\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: 0em;\"><img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/kirigami.gif\" width=\"40%\" align=\"left\" style=\"margin-right: 1em;\" \/>Not long ago, the loss of structural stability through buckling generally referred to failure and disaster. It was a phenomenon to be designed around, and rarely did it provide functionality. The increasing focus on soft materials, from rubbers and gels to biological tissues, encouraged scientists to revisit the role of elastic instabilities in the world around us and inspired their utilization in advanced materials. Now the field of elastic instabilities, or extreme mechanics, brings together the disciplines of physics, mechanics, mathematics, biology, and materials science to extend our understanding of structural instabilities for both form and function. Our research examines the fundamental mechanics and dynamics of wrinkling, crumpling, and snapping of soft or slender structures.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em;\">For example, we've used the voltage-induced buckling deformation of thin films within microfluidic channels to control and direct fluid flow. The simple and robust design we present can have multiple internal and external actuators, such as mechanical and electrical stimuli, to move fluids within three-dimensional, hierarchical structures.<\/p>\n\n\n<img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/fluidelectrodes3.gif\" alt=\"Fluid Electrodes\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\" \/>\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: 0em;\"><b>Snapping Shells - <\/b>When a structure \u201csnaps\u201d to an alternate shape \u2013 like the inversion of an umbrella on a windy day \u2013 its structural and material integrity are often irreversibly lost. Many soft structures, however, are able to reversibly change between two stable configurations, presenting a fascinating opportunity to design dynamic, adaptable engineering structures across a multitude of length scales. The snap-through elastic instability enables large and fast deformations, as a structure switches between two stable states once a critical criterion is met. Snapping provides advanced functionality in nature with the rapid leaf closure of the Venus flytrap and the waterwheel plant, and has been employed with great amusement in the \u2018jumping disc\u2019 and \u2018popper\u2019 toys that jump with an audible pop. In order to design engineering systems that use instabilities as a feature rather than a fault, we aim to understand what dictates the dynamics of the snap-through instability, and to provide a means for snap as a mechanism for energy harvesting.<\/p>\n\n\n<img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/snappingShells.gif\" alt=\"Snapping Shell\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\" \/>\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: 0em; line-height: 90%;\"><img src=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/images\/logos\/nsf4.gif\" width=\"7%\" align=\"left\" style=\"margin-right: 1em; margin-top: -0.25em;\" \/><span style=\"font-size: .75em; font-style: italic;\">This material is based upon work supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant <a href=\"http:\/\/www.nsf.gov\/awardsearch\/showAward?AWD_ID=1505125&amp;HistoricalAwards=false\">No. 1505125<\/a>. Any opinions, findings, and conclusions or recommendations expressed in this material are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Science Foundation.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n<hr style=\"border: 0; height: 1px; background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0,0,0,0), rgba(0,0,0,0.75), rgba(0,0,0,0)); margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 1em;\" \/>\n\n\n\n<h2>Toy Mechanics<\/h2>\n\n\n&nbsp;\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em;\">Toys have long captured and stimulated the imaginations of scientists and children alike. The snap bracelet, Slinky, rattleback, and tippe top often challenge our understanding of angular momentum, friction, rigid body contact kinematics, and other nonintuitive \"elementary\" mechanics. Online videos of toys - like the \"levitating Slinky\" - have helped bring concepts of mechanics and dynamics to the attention of millions of people through the internet. Toys overlap with disciplines of classical mechanics, dynamical systems, soft matter physics, mechanical engineering, robotics, and applied mathematics.<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -1em;\"><b>Slinky Mechanics - <\/b>The floppy nature of a tumbling Slinky has captivated children and adults alike for over half a century. Highly flexible, the spring will walk down stairs, turn over in your hands, and \u2013 much to the chagrin of children everywhere \u2013 become easily entangled and permanently deformed. The Slinky can be used as an educational tool for demonstrating standing waves, and a structural inspiration due to its ability to extend many times beyond its initial length without imparting plastic strain on the material. Engineers have scaled the iconic spring up to the macroscale as a pedestrian bridge, and down to the nanoscale for use as conducting wires within flexible electronic devices, while animators have simulated its movements in a major motion picture. Yet, perhaps the most recognizable and remarkable features of a Slinky are simply its ability to splay its helical coils into an arch, and to tumble over itself down a steep incline. We have studied the mechanics of this soft, helical spring, and developed a model to describe is static shapes and unstable states.<\/p>\n\n\n<img src=\"\/moss\/files\/2016\/06\/slinky.jpg\" width=\"100%\" align=\"center\" \/>\n\n--><\/p>\n<hr style=\"border: 0; height: 1px; background-image: -o-linear-gradient(left, rgba(0,0,0,0), rgba(0,0,0,0.75), rgba(0,0,0,0)); margin-top: 0em; margin-bottom: 1em;\" \/>\n<h2>Publication List<\/h2>\n<p>(45.) J.\u2013H. Lee, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cStimuli-Responsive Shell Theory,\u201d Accepted: <em>Mathematics and Mechanics of Solids<\/em>, (2023).<\/p>\n<p>(44.) A. Guerra, A. Slim, D.P. Holmes, and O. Kodio, \u201cSelf\u2013Ordering of Buckling, Bending, and Bumping Beams,\u201d <em>Physical Review Letters<\/em>, <strong>130<\/strong>, 148201, (2023). [<a href=\"https:\/\/physics.aps.org\/articles\/v16\/54\">Physics<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>(43.) A. Guerra and D.P. Holmes, \u201cElastogranular Sheets\u201d. <em>Matter<\/em>, <strong>6<\/strong>(4), 1217\u20131230, (2023). [<a href=\"https:\/\/github.com\/adguerra\/LAMMPSStructures\">code<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2590238523001133\">Matter: Perspective<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>(42.) A. Guerra, C. Lautzenhiser, X. Jiang, K. Flanagan, D. Rak, S. Tibbits, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cElastogranular Columns and Beams.\u201d <em>Soft Matter<\/em>, <strong>18<\/strong>, 8262\u2013 8270, (2022). (<strong>Editorial Board: <a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/journals\/articlecollectionlanding?sercode=sm&amp;themeid=76ed0950-d789-49db-a5c9-56d4b860132b\">Highlighted Papers of 2022<\/a><\/strong>)<\/p>\n<p>(41.) L. Stein\u2013Montalvo, J.-H. Lee, Y. Yang, M. Landesberg, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cEfficient snap-through of spherical caps by applying a localized curvature stimulus,\u201d <em>European Physical Journal E (EPJE)<\/em>, 45:3, 1\u201311, (2022). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.springer.com\/gp\/about-springer\/media\/research-news\/all-english-research-news\/the-relationship-between-active-areas-and-boundaries-with-energy-input-in-snapping-shells\/20285174\">EPJE Highlight<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>(40.) J.\u2013H. Lee, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cElastic Instabilities Govern the Morphogenesis of the Optic Cup,\u201d <em>Physical <\/em><em>Review Letters<\/em>, <strong>127<\/strong>, 138102, (2021).<\/p>\n<p>(39.) A. Guerra and D.P. Holmes, \u201cEmergence of Structure in Columns of Grains and Elastic Rods\u201d. <em>Soft Matter<\/em>, 17, 7662, (2021). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.stitcher.com\/show\/the-almamac\/episode\/random-walk-2-4-rock-towers-funding-lotteries-ecology-in-subnautica-88049888\">Random Walk Podcast<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/eng\/2021\/10\/07\/it-looks-loopy-but-it-works\/\">BU Engineering<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>(38.) L. Stein\u2013Montalvo, D.P. Holmes, and G. Coupier \u201cDelayed buckling of spherical shells due to viscoelastic knockdown of the critical load,\u201d <em>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/em>, <strong>477<\/strong>, 20210253, (2021).<\/p>\n<p>(37.) Y. Yang, K. Vella, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cGrasping with Kirigami Shells,\u201d <em>Science Robotics<\/em>, 6, eabd6426, (2021). [<a href=\"https:\/\/soundcloud.com\/ieeeras-softrobotics\/douglas-holmes-grasping-with-kirigami-shells\">IEEE: Soft Robotics Podcast<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/watch?v=tNlmeZvElMM\">Mecharithm<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.cnet.com\/science\/this-innovative-robotic-gripper-can-pick-up-a-single-tiny-grain-of-sand\/\">CNET<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.futurity.org\/robot-gripper-kirigami-2564702-2\/\">Futurity<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/thespoon.tech\/boston-university-develops-kirigami-based-gripper-for-robots\/\">The Spoon<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/articles\/2021\/these-soft-robotic-grippers-were-inspired-by-an-ancient-japanese-art-form\/\">BU The Brink<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p>(36.) Z. Cohen, N. Elberfeld, A. Moorman, J. Laucks, S. Kernizan, D.P. Holmes, and S. Tibbits, \u201cSuperjammed: Tunable and Morphable Spanning Structures Through Granular Jamming\u201d, <em>Technology | Architecture + Design (TAD)<\/em>, 4:2, 211\u2013220, (2020).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(35.) D.P. Holmes, J.H. Lee, H.S. Park, and M. Pezzulla, &#8220;The nonlinear buckling behavior of a complete spherical shell under uniform external pressure and homogenous natural curvature,&#8221; <em>Physical Review E<\/em>, 102, 023003, (2020). [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1810.04078\">arXiv<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.dropbox.com\/s\/lz7l3shxmom91vg\/pk%2B1d.nb?dl=0\">Mathematica<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">(34.) D.J. Schunter Jr., R.K. Czech, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cPacking Transitions in the Elastogranular Confinement of a Slender Loop,\u201d <em>Soft Matter<\/em>, <strong>16<\/strong>, 2039\u20132044, (2020).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">(33.) D.J. Schunter Jr., M. Boucher, and D.P. Holmes, \u201cElastogranularity in Binary Granular Mixtures,\u201d <em>Granular Matter<\/em>, 22:3, (2020).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\">(32.) A. Lee, D. Yan, M. Pezzulla, D.P. Holmes, and P.M. Reis, \u201cEvolution of critical buckling conditions in imperfect bilayer shells through residual swelling,\u201d <em>Soft Matter<\/em>, <strong>15<\/strong>, 6134-6144, (2019).<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(31.) M. Curatolo, P. Nardinocchi, L. Teresi, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Swelling effects on localized adhesion of an elastic ribbon,&#8221; <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>475<\/b>(2225), 67, (2019). [<a href=\"https:\/\/royalsocietypublishing.org\/doi\/10.1098\/rspa.2019.0067\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(30.) D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Elasticity and Stability of Shape Changing Structures,&#8221; <i>Current Opinion in Colloid and Interface Science<\/i>, <b>40<\/b>:118-137, (2019). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S1359029418300839?dgcid=author\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1809.04620\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(29.) L. Stein-Montalvo, P. Costa, M. Pezzulla, D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Buckling of geometrically confined shells,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, 15(6), 1215-1222, (2019). [<a href=\"https:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2019\/sm\/c8sm02035c#!divAbstract\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1810.04729\">arXiv<\/a>]<br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Special Issue<\/b>: Emerging Investigators<\/span><br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Front Cover<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(28.) Y. Yang, M.A. Dias, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Multistable Kirigami for Tunable Architected Materials,&#8221; <i>Physical Review Materials<\/i>, <b>2<\/b>, 110601(R), (2018). [<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prmaterials\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevMaterials.2.110601\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1807.06498\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(27.) X. Jiang, M. Pezzulla, H. Shao, T.K. Ghosh, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Snapping of bistable, prestressed cylindrical shells,&#8221; <i>Europhysics Letters (EPL)<\/i>, <b>122<\/b>(6), (2018). [<a href=\"http:\/\/iopscience.iop.org\/article\/10.1209\/0295-5075\/122\/64003\">Link<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1804.03072\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(26.) S. Wei, H. Shao, X. Jiang, D.P. Holmes, and T.K. Ghosh, &#8220;Bioinspired Electrically Activated Soft Bistable Actuators,&#8221; <i>Advanced Functional Materials<\/i>, 1802999, (2018). [<a href=\"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/abs\/10.1002\/adfm.201802999\">Link<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(25.) M. Taffetani, X. Jiang, D.P. Holmes, and D. Vella, &#8220;Static Bistability of Spherical Caps,&#8221; <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>474<\/b>(2213), (2018). [<a href=\"http:\/\/rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/474\/2213\/20170910\">Link<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1804.04219\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(24.) D.J. Schunter Jr., M. Brandenbourger, S. Perriseau, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Elastogranular Mechanics: Buckling, Jamming, and Structure Formation,&#8221; <i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>120<\/b>, 078002, (2018). [<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.078002\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.07849\">arXiv<\/a>][<a href=\"https:\/\/softbites.org\/2018\/05\/23\/elastogranularity-and-how-soil-may-shape-the-roots-of-plants\/\">Soft Bites<\/a>]<br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Front Cover<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(23.) M. Pezzulla, N. Stoop, M.P. Steranka, A.J. Bade, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Curvature-Induced Instabilities of Shells,&#8221; <i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>120<\/b>, 048002, (2018). [<a href=\"https:\/\/journals.aps.org\/prl\/abstract\/10.1103\/PhysRevLett.120.048002\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1706.03888\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(22.) M.A. Dias, M.P. McCarron, D. Rayneau-Kirkhope, P.Z. Hanakata, D.K. Campbell, H.S. Park, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Kirigami Actuators,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>13<\/b>, 9087-9802, (2017). [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/sm\/c7sm01693j#!divAbstract\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1707.05477\">arXiv<\/a>]<br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Back Cover<\/b>: [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2017\/sm\/c7sm90204b\">Link<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(21.) A.R. Mojdehi, D.P. Holmes, and D.A. Dillard, &#8220;Revisiting the Generalized Scaling Law for Adhesion: Role of Compliance and Extension to Progressive Failure,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>13<\/b>, 7529-7536, (2017). [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2017\/sm\/c7sm01098b#!divAbstract\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(20.) B. Tavakol, D.P. Holmes, G. Froehlicher, and H.A. Stone, &#8220;Extended Lubrication Theory: Estimation of Fluid Flow in Channels with Variable Geometry,&#8221; <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>474<\/b>, 0234, (2017).[<a href=\"http:\/\/rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/473\/2206\/20170234\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1403.2343\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(19.) A.R. Mojdehi, D.P. Holmes, and D.A. Dillard, &#8220;Friction of extensible strips: An extended shear lag model with experimental evaluation,&#8221; <i>International Journal of Solids and Structures<\/i>, (2017). [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0020768317302858\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(18.) M. Pezzulla, N. Stoop, X. Jiang, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Curvature-Driven Morphing of Non-Euclidean Shells,&#8221; <i>Proceedings of the Royal Society A<\/i>, <b>473<\/b>(2201), (2017). [<a href=\"http:\/\/rspa.royalsocietypublishing.org\/content\/473\/2201\/20170087\">Link<\/a>] [<a href=\"https:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1611.06563\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(17.) A.R. Mojdehi, B. Tavakol, W. Royston, D.A. Dillard, D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Buckling of elastic beams embedded in granular media,&#8221; <i>Extreme Mechanics Letters<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 237-244, (2016). [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S2352431616300335?np=y\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(16.) D.P. Holmes, P.-T. Brun, A. Pandey, and S. Proti\u00e8re, &#8220;Rising beyond elastocapillarity,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 4886-4890, (2016). [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2016\/sm\/c6sm00329j#!divAbstract\">PDF<\/a>]<br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Front Cover<\/b>: [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2016\/06\/SM_Cover_2016.jpg\">Link<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(15.) M. Pezzulla, G.P. Smith, P. Nardinocchi, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Geometry and Mechanics of Thin Growing Bilayers,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>12<\/b>, 4435-4442, (2016). [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2016\/sm\/c6sm00246c#!divAbstract\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1509.05259\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(14.) B. Tavakol and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Voltage-Induced Buckling of Dielectric Films using Fluid Electrodes,&#8221; <i>Applied Physics Letters<\/i>, <b>108<\/b>, 112901 (2016).[<a href=\"http:\/\/scitation.aip.org\/content\/aip\/journal\/apl\/108\/11\/10.1063\/1.4944331\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1601.02866\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(13.) M. Pezzulla, S.A. Shillig, P. Nardinocchi, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Morphing of Geometric Composites via Residual Swelling,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>11<\/b>, 5812-5820, (2015). [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlelanding\/2015\/sm\/c5sm00863h#!divAbstract\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1504.03010\">arXiv<\/a>]<br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Inside Cover<\/b>: [<a href=\"http:\/\/pubs.rsc.org\/en\/content\/articlepdf\/2015\/sm\/c5sm90124c\">Link<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(12.) R.H. Plaut, A.D. Borum, D.P. Holmes, and D.A. Dillard, &#8220;Falling vertical chain of oscillators, including collisions, damping, and pretensioning,&#8221; <i>Journal of Sound and Vibration<\/i>, <b>349<\/b>, 195-205, (2015). [<a href=\"http:\/\/www.sciencedirect.com\/science\/article\/pii\/S0022460X15002400\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(11.) D.P. Holmes, A.D. Borum, B.F. Moore III, R.H. Plaut, and D.A. Dillard, \u201cEquilibria and Instabilities of a Slinky: Discrete Model\u201d, <i>International Journal of Nonlinear Mechanics<\/i>, 65, 236-244, (2014). [<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/IJNM_2014_Holmes.pdf\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1403.6809\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(10.) B. Tavakol, M. Bozlar, C. Punckt, D.P. Holmes, G. Froehlicher, H.A. Stone, I.A. Aksay, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Buckling of Dielectric Elastomeric Plates for Soft, Electrically Active Microfluidic Pumps &#8220;, <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>10<\/b>(27), 4789-4794, (2014). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Soft_Matter_2014_Tavakol.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(9.) A. Pandey, D.E. Moulton, D. Vella, and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Dynamics of Snapping Beams and Jumping Poppers&#8221;, <i>EPL (Europhysical Letters)<\/i>, <b>105<\/b>, 24001, (2014). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/EPL_2014_Pandey.pdf\">PDF<\/a>] [<a href=\"http:\/\/arxiv.org\/abs\/1310.3703\">arXiv<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(8.) A. Pandey and D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Swelling-Induced Deformations: A Materials-Defined Transition from Macroscopic to Microscopic Deformations,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 5524, (2013). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Soft_Matter_2013_Pandey.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(7.) D.P. Holmes, B. Tavakol, G. Froehlicher, and H.A. Stone, &#8220;Control and Manipulation of Microfluidic Fluid Flow via Elastic Deformations&#8221;, <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>9<\/b>, 7049, (2013). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Soft_Matter_2013_Holmes.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<br \/>\n<span style=\"margin-left: 0em;\"><b>Special Issue<\/b>: Emerging Investigators [<a href=\"http:\/\/www2.esm.vt.edu\/~dpholmes\/c3sm90073h.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/span><\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(6.) D.P. Holmes, &#8220;Elastic Instabilities for Form and Function&#8221;, <i>iMechanica<\/i>, (2012). [<a href=\"http:\/\/imechanica.org\/node\/11812\">Link<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(5.) D.P. Holmes, M. Roch\u00e9, T. Sinha, and H.A. Stone, &#8220;Bending and Twisting of Soft Materials by Non-Homogenous Swelling,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>7<\/b>, 5188, (2011). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Soft_Matter_2011_Holmes.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(4.) M. Staykova, D.P. Holmes, C. Read, and H.A. Stone, <i>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci<\/i>, <b>108<\/b>(22), 9084-9088, (2011). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/P_Natl_Acad_Sci_Usa_2011_Staykova.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(3.) D.P. Holmes and A.J. Crosby, &#8220;Draping Films: A Wrinkle to Fold Transition,&#8221; <i>Physical Review Letters<\/i>, <b>105<\/b>, 038303, (2010). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Physical_Review_Letters_2010_Holmes.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(2.) D.P. Holmes, M. Ursiny, and A.J. Crosby, &#8220;Crumpled Surface Structures,&#8221; <i>Soft Matter<\/i>, <b>4<\/b>, 82, (2008). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Soft_Matter_2008_Holmes.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n<p align=\"justify\" style=\"margin-top: -0.5em;\">(1.) D.P. Holmes and A.J. Crosby, &#8220;Snapping Surfaces,&#8221; <i>Advanced Materials<\/i>, <b>19<\/b>, 3589, (2007). [<a href=\"\/moss\/files\/2014\/10\/Advanced_Materials_2007_Holmes.pdf\">PDF<\/a>]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>research people teaching blog Research Our group&#8217;s research is at the interface between structural mechanics and soft matter physics. We study large shape changes, pattern formation, and instabilities. If you are interested in these topics, I encourage you to read a review article from our group entitled &#8220;Elasticity and Stability of Shape-Shifting Structures&#8221;. Books, Reviews, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9428,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/55"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/9428"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/55\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1087,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/55\/revisions\/1087"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/moss\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}