{"id":2199,"date":"2024-11-19T17:32:56","date_gmt":"2024-11-19T22:32:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/linguistics\/?page_id=2199"},"modified":"2026-02-09T11:53:59","modified_gmt":"2026-02-09T16:53:59","slug":"all-lx-courses","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/linguistics\/resources\/course-schedules\/all-lx-courses\/","title":{"rendered":"All LX Courses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p><span><div class=\"course-feed\"><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">110<\/span><\/span> Say What' Accents, Dialects, and Society<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-I\">The Individual in Community<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-E\">Social Inquiry I<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Exploration of how variation in accents and dialects interacts with various aspects of society and human life. Students examine how dialect variation arises, how it can be described, and how it interacts with literature, film, humor, and music. Cannot be taken for credit by students who have previously taken, or are currently taking, CAS LX 250 or a higher-level linguistics course. Carries humanities divisional credit in CAS. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry I, The Individual in Community, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">120<\/span><\/span> Language and Music<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-B\">Aesthetic Exploration<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-D\">Scientific Inquiry I<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Is the co-occurrence of music and language in human societies coincidental or inevitable? This course examines this question by defining what language and music are, exploring their structural similarities and differences, and surveying global diversity in musical and linguistic expression. Carries humanities divisional studies credit in CAS. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Aesthetic Exploration, Scientific Inquiry I, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">208<\/span><\/span> The Language of Our Ancestors: Introduction to Indo-European Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Panorama of ancient and medieval Indo-European languages and cultures. English, Irish, Hindi, Russian, Armenian, and Farsi languages are all related and belong to Indo-European family: they descended from a common ancestor, Proto-Indo-European. This protolanguage can be reconstructed using historical-comparative method.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">235<\/span><\/span> Language in the Contemporary World: Language, Society, and the Law<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-K\">Ethical Reasoning<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-N\">Oral and\/or Signed Communication<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Exploration of the role of human language in society, focusing on language in legal settings. Addresses governmental policy on language; language crimes such as perjury, solicitation, and bribery; the meaning of consent; and the linguistics of legal interpretation. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Ethical Reasoning, Oral and\/or Signed Communication, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">250<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-D\">Scientific Inquiry I<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Properties that languages share and how languages differ with respect to structure (sound system, word formation, syntax), expression of meaning, acquisition, variation, and change; cultural and artistic uses of language; comparison of oral, written, and signed languages. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Scientific Inquiry I, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Critical Thinking.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">250S<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-D\">Scientific Inquiry I<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Properties that languages share and how languages differ with respect to structure (sound system, word formation, syntax), expression of meaning, acquisition, variation, and change; cultural and artistic uses of language; comparison of oral, written, and signed languages. Effective Summer 2024, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Scientific Inquiry I, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Critical Thinking.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">301<\/span><\/span> Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction to Sound Systems<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-G\">Quantitative Reasoning I<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-F\">Scientific Inquiry II<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250 or consent of instructor -  Introduction to the nature and patterning of sounds in human language. Presents articulatory and acoustic phonetics, and basic phonological analysis, focusing on cross-language typology and comparison. Hands-on development of practical skills, including IPA transcription, field techniques, and digital speech analysis. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: , Critical Thinking, Quantitative Reasoning 1, Scientific Inquiry 2.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">302<\/span><\/span> Phonetics and Phonology: Introduction to Sound Systems Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX 250) or consent of instructor; Undergraduate Corequisites: (CASLX 301) - Required discussion section for students registered in CASLX 301. Students must also register for CASLX 301.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">311<\/span><\/span> Morphology: Introduction to the Structures and Shapes of Words<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Morphology, the study of the internal structure and the shapes of words across languages, straddles the boundary between syntax and phonology. This course covers the major empirical and theoretical issues in the study of morphology, emphasizing links to other components of grammar. Carries humanities divisional credit in CAS. Also offered as GRS LX 611. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Morphology\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 521.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">317<\/span><\/span> \"Having\" and \"Being\" across Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250, or consent of instructor. - Languages differ startlingly in how they express the apparently basic concepts of \"possession\" and \"essence\". Students explore this variety and its implications, addressing fundamental questions about linguistic relativism, language universals, and the relationship between structure and meaning.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">321<\/span><\/span> Syntax: Introduction to Sentential Structure<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250, or consent of instructor; Undergraduate Corequisites: CASLX 322. (Students must also register for required co-req CASLX 322). Introduction to syntax as an object of inquiry. Students build an increasingly sophisticated model of syntactic knowledge to account for data from English and other languages, constructing and evaluating alternative hypotheses about how sentence structure works.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">322<\/span><\/span> Syntax: Introduction to Sentential Structure Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX 250) or consent of instructor; Undergraduate Corequisites: (CASLX 321) - Required discussion section for students registered in CASLX 321. Students must also register for CASLX 321.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">327<\/span><\/span> Focus<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Exploration of focus in natural language, integrating syntax, phonology, semantics, morphology, and pragmatics in pursuit of general understanding of the cross-linguistic diversity of focus phenomena and the ways in which different linguistic processes cooperate to express focus. Also offered as GRS LX 627. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 518.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">328<\/span><\/span> Questions<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Exploration of question formation across languages, and from several theoretical perspectives, integrating syntax, phonology, semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and philosophy in pursuit of a general understanding of one of the central phenomena in theoretical linguistics. Also offered as GRS LX 628. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 519.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">331<\/span><\/span> Semantics & Pragmatics: Introduction to Linguistic Meaning<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-I\">The Individual in Community<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Systematic examination of how meaning is encoded in words and sentences, and how it can emerge from the complexity of the grammar. Also touches on various aspects of pragmatics--the study of how meaning is shaped by context. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: The Individual in Community, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Critical Thinking. Effective Fall 2025, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: The Individual in Community, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Teamwork and Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">332<\/span><\/span> Semantics and Pragmatics: Introduction to Linguistic Meaning Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX 250) or consent of instructor; Undergraduate Corequisites: (CASLX 331) - Required discussion section for students registered in CASLX 331. Students must also register for CASLX 331.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">341<\/span><\/span> Sociolinguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250 OR CASAN351) or consent of instructor. - Introduction to language in its social context. Methodological and theoretical approaches to sociolinguistics. Linguistic variation in relation to situation, gender, socioeconomic class, linguistic context, and ethnicity. Integrating micro- and macro-analysis from conversation to societal language planning.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">342<\/span><\/span> Language, Race, and Gender<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-E\">Social Inquiry I<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Do women talk differently from men' How do race and ethnicity relate to the way people use language' This course examines these interrelated questions from the perspective of modern sociolinguistic theory, analyzing a range of languages and communities throughout the world. Effective Fall 2019, this course fulfills a single unit in the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry I, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">345<\/span><\/span> Languages in Contact: The High Stakes of Grammatical Border-Crossing<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Examines the mechanisms and outcomes of language contact by surveying cases around the globe from the past and present. Topics include lexical-borrowing, code- switching, pidgins and creoles, language death, and the emergence of entirely new language systems.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">346<\/span><\/span> Language Variation and Change<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-E\">Social Inquiry I<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Why do languages change over time? Who leads and who follows in situations of language change? The course answers these questions by examining the link between language change and linguistic variation, focusing on how synchronic variation leads to diachronic change. Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry I, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">349<\/span><\/span> Bilingualism<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-I\">The Individual in Community<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-P\">Social Inquiry II<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - The psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics of life with two languages. Topics include bilingual language use, processing, acquisition, organization; effects of bilingualism on cognition and development; the bilingual brain; the bilingual speech community; bilingual education; bilingualism in the media and public eye. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry II, The Individual in Community, Critical Thinking.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">350<\/span><\/span> Crosslinguistic Approaches to Language Acquisition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) - Exploration, within the framework of generative grammar, of how similarities and differences in the acquisition patterns of syntax, semantics, and morphology across typologically diverse languages provide key evidence about the essential nature of first and second language acquisition.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">351<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Psycholinguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequisites: CASLX 250 or consent of instructor. - Explores theories of cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying language comprehension and production. Examines empirical data on psycholinguistic phenomena and evaluates competing explanations. Features team-based laboratory work involving behavioral and neural data collection and analysis, and interactions with scholars in psycholinguistics.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">355<\/span><\/span> Second Language Acquisition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Overview of second language acquisition at all linguistic levels. Topics include the role of the native language; markedness; universals; environmental variables; cognitive and affective factors; social dimensions; individual differences among learners; and application of theory to third language acquisition.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">359<\/span><\/span> Interrupted Acquisition and Language Attrition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Examines native language knowledge and change in speakers who have become dominant in another language. Topics include differences among heritage speakers, international adoptees, and adult second language learners; language change in expatriates; and environmental and affective factors conditioning language loss. Also offered as GRS LX 659. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Incomplete Acquisition and Language Attrition\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 546.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">360<\/span><\/span> Historical and Comparative Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-C\">Historical Consciousness<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250 or consent of instructor. - Introduction to language change and the methodology of historical linguistic analysis, using data from a wide array of languages. Investigates genetic relatedness among languages, language comparison, historical reconstruction, and patterns and principles of change in phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Creativity\/Innovation, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness. Effective Spring 2026, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Critical Thinking, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">360S<\/span><\/span> Historical and Comparative Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-C\">Historical Consciousness<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250 or consent of instructor. - Introduction to language change and the methodology of historical linguistic analysis, using data from a wide array of languages. Investigates genetic relatedness among languages, language comparison, historical reconstruction, and patterns and principles of change in phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Creativity\/Innovation, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness. Effective Spring 2026, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Critical Thinking, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">365<\/span><\/span> Variation in Dialects of English<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Exploration of how dialects of English differ from each other, focusing on grammatical variation in the US, with occasional forays into other dialects. Students come to appreciate how linguists investigate grammatical diversity scientifically, revealing the complex structure of non-standard dialects.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">367<\/span><\/span> Indigenous Languages of Latin America<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-6\">Writing-Intensive Course<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX 250) and First-Year Writing Seminar (e.g., CASWR 100; WR 120) - Exploration of the structure, history, and varieties of indigenous languages of Latin America, and of the communities that speak them. Effective Fall 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Writing-Intensive Course, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">368<\/span><\/span> Structure of African Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - African language structure and status from the perspectives of theoretical and comparative linguistics (within the generative grammar framework), typology, and sociolinguistics, with focus on South African Nguni languages, especially IsiXhosa, and comparisons to its sister languages in that language group. Also offered as GRS LX 668. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 505.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">370<\/span><\/span> Romance Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX 250) and prior study of some Romance language at the 4th semester level or higher (e.g., CASLF 212 or LI 212 or LP 212 or LS 212 or CL 212, or equivalent); or consent of instructor. - Covers morphophonological and morphosyntactic change since Latin, plus various topics in the comparative grammar of modern Romance languages. Students deepen their linguistic knowledge and analytic skills by applying what they have learned in other linguistics courses to this language family.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">372<\/span><\/span> French Phonetics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLF303) one CAS LF 300-level course and CAS LX 250 as either a pre-requisite o r as a co-requisite. - Students improve their pronunciation and aural comprehension by applying linguistic principles governing the articulation and distribution of French sounds, liaison, \"mute e,\" and intonation. Written exercises reinforce theoretical points; oral exercises and recordings allow focus on individual difficulties. Conducted in French. Also offered as CAS LF 500.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">373<\/span><\/span> The Structure of French: Phonology<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: one CAS LF 300-level course and CAS LX 250 or equivalent; or consent o f instructor. - The sound system of standard French and dialect variation in France, Canada, and other Francophone regions. Questions about mental representation of linguistic information, processes of word formation, and language variation and change. Students discover linguistic regularities through frequent problem sets. Conducted in French. Also offered as CAS LF 503 and GRS LX 673.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">374<\/span><\/span> The Structure of French: Syntax<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: one CAS LF 300-level course and CAS LX 250 or equivalent; or consent o f instructor. - Exploration of French syntax with comparisons to Quebecois, English, and other languages. Topics include the position of the verb, pronoun status, questions, relative clauses, imperatives, negation, causatives, and left\/right dislocation. Students discover structural properties through frequent problem sets. Conducted in French. Also offered as CAS LF 502 and GRS LX 674.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">375<\/span><\/span> The History of the French Language<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-C\">Historical Consciousness<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate pre-requisites: CASLX 250. - Overview of socio-historical and linguistic factors underpinning the emergence, development, and spread of the French language over time. Study of historical, societal, and political events, along with phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and orthographic changes. Representative texts demonstrate stages of language change. Effective Spring 2025, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Historical Consciousness, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">376<\/span><\/span> Topics in French Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: one CAS LF 300-level course and CAS LX 250 or equivalent; or consent o f instructor. - Topics vary by semester. Taught in French. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Also offered as CAS LF 506 and GRS LX 676. <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">381<\/span><\/span> Spanish in the United States<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) and one LS 300-level language course; or consent of instructor. - An ethnographic survey and sociolinguistic analysis of Spanish as spoken in urban areas of the US. Focuses on issues of language and dialect content, language change, the fraught notion of 'heritage' speakers, and code-switching as a sociolinguistic phenomenon. Conducted in Spanish. Also offered as CAS LS 420 and GRS LX 681. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 420.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">383<\/span><\/span> The Sounds of Spanish<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX250 and one LS 300-level language course; or consent of instructor. Introduction to Spanish phonetics and phonology. Covers articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics, focusing on techniques for visualizing speech sounds. Examines the phonemic inventory and phonological organization of Spanish from several perspectives, including generative and articulatory phonology as well as sociolinguistics. Conducted in Spanish.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">384<\/span><\/span> The Structure of Spanish<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250 and one LS 300-level language course; or consent of instructor. Introduction to Spanish morphology and syntax. Explores the structure of Spanish words, phrases, and sentences from multiple perspectives with a focus on natural language data. Examines Generative, Usage-based, and Lexical-Functional approaches to the analysis of grammatical structure. Conducted in Spanish.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">386<\/span><\/span> Topics in Spanish Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250 and one LS 300-level language course. - May be taken twice for credit if topics are different. Taught in Spanish. Also offered as CASLS 505 and CASLX 686.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">390<\/span><\/span> Topics in Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Topics and pre-requisites vary by semester and section. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Please see \"Notes\" for current offering.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">391<\/span><\/span> Linguistic Field Methods<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-K\">Ethical Reasoning<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - A team-based in-depth investigation of the phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexicon of an African or other non-Indo-European language. Bi-weekly sessions with language consultant. Weekly trainings on methodology, ethics, analysis, and presentation of results. Effective Spring 2021, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Ethical Reasoning, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">394<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Programming for Computational Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-H\">Quantitative Reasoning II<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to computational techniques to explore linguistic models and test empirical claims. Serves as an introduction to programming, algorithms, and data structures, focused on modern applications to Natural Language Processing (NLP). Topics include tagging and classification, parsing models, meaning representation, and information extraction. (Not intended for students with a background in programming or computer science.) Carries MCS divisional studies credit in CAS. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Quantitative Reasoning II, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">395<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Large Language Models<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequisites: CASLX 394, or any course or equivalent experience involving computer programming. - This course introduces the history, science, engineering, and social implications of generative AI technologies based on large language models (LLMs). Students practice writing software with LLMs while analyzing their behavior and performance using scientifically rigorous evaluations. No background in AI, machine learning, or data science is necessary.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">400<\/span><\/span> Senior Independent Work in Linguistics & Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">2 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) - Senior independent work for Linguistics & Speech, Language, and Hearing Sciences majors. May be repeated once, for a total of 4 credits.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">401<\/span><\/span> Senior Independent Work<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: approval of Honors Committee. - SR INDEP WORK<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">402<\/span><\/span> Senior Independent Work<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: approval of Honors Committee. - Senior independent work<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">403<\/span><\/span> Phonological Analysis<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 301, or consent of instructor. Survey of phonological theory and analysis, with focus on cross-linguistic typology of phonological systems. Phonological reasoning and argumentation skills are developed. Empirical coverage includes contrast, distinctive features, rules and constraints, opacity, tone, syllabification, stress, and interactions with morphology and syntax.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">405<\/span><\/span> Prosody<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CAS LX 301 (formerly CAS LX 510), or consent of instructor. - Exploration of the melodic and rhythmic aspects of the languages of the world. Emphasis on theoretical and experimental approaches to cross-linguistic typology. Specific topics include syllables and syllable-weight, rhythm and speech timing; stress and metrics; tone and intonation. Also offered as GRS LX 705. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 525.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">409<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Phonetics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 301 \/ GRSLX 601, or consent of instructor. - Comprehensive overview of the field of linguistic phonetics, focusing on speech production, aerodynamics, acoustics, and perception. Special attention to the role of phonetics in shaping cross-language phonological typology. Emphasis on practical skills for phonetic data analysis.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">422<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Syntax: Modeling Syntactic Knowledge<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 321, or consent of instructor. Using linguistic data drawn from a wide variety of languages, students develop a precise model of syntactic knowledge through evaluation of hypotheses and arguments. Exploration of major discoveries and phenomena from the linguistic literature.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">423<\/span><\/span> Advanced Syntax: Issues in Modern Syntactic Theory<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 422 or consent of instructor. Graduate Prerequisites: CASLX 722 or consent of instructor. - Exploration of advanced topics in syntax, chosen in part based on student interest, through reading and critical discussion of both foundational and recent literature.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">432<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Semantics: The Grammatical Construction of Meaning<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 331. - Systematic development of a semantic theory of natural language, using the tools of model-theoretic semantics. In-depth study of the relation between meaning and grammar, and the relation between meaning and context.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">433<\/span><\/span> Experimental Pragmatics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-4\">Creativity\/Innovation<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-O\">Digital\/Multimedia Expression<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-H\">Quantitative Reasoning II<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CAS LX 331 (formerly CAS LX 502), or consent of instructor. - Covers recent developments in the theory of pragmatics and related empirical findings obtained through a variety of experimental methods. Topics include scalar implicature and its relation to vagueness and imprecision, hyperbole, metaphor, irony, politeness, and the pragmatics of reference to objects in visual scenes. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Topics in Pragmatics\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 504. Effective Fall 2019, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Quantitative Reasoning II, Digital\/Multimedia Expression, Creativity\/Innovation.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">451E<\/span><\/span> INTERN LINGSTCS<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: enrollment in the Auckland Internship Program. - INTERN LINGSTCS<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">452E<\/span><\/span> INTERN LINGSTCS<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: enrollment in the Auckland Internship Program. - INTERN LINGSTCS<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">453<\/span><\/span> Acquisition of Phonology<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX301) - Surveys current knowledge about how children acquire phonology during the first years of life. Topics include biological foundations; perceptual and vocal development; word learning; phonological universals; implicit and explicit learning mechanisms; formalist and functionalist models; and individual variation. Also offered as GRS LX 753. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Phonological Development\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 541.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">454<\/span><\/span> Acquisition of Syntax<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 321, - Exploration of the character and course of acquisition of syntactic knowledge in both first and second language contexts. Covers methodological principles for conducting studies and analyzing data, and topics including development of verb movement, binding theory, morphosyntax, and tense expression.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">490<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Topics in Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) or consent of instructor. - Topics vary by semester. May be taken more than once for credit, with different topics. Also offered as GRS LX 790.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">491<\/span><\/span> Directed Study: Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: consent of department and CAS Academic Advising, 100 Bay State Rd., Ro om 401. - Application form available in CAS Academic Advising.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">492<\/span><\/span> Directed Study: Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: consent of department and CAS Academic Advising, 100 Bay State Rd., Ro om 401. - Application form available in CAS Academic Advising.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">496<\/span><\/span> Computational Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-H\">Quantitative Reasoning II<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX250) and CASCS112 or CASLX394); or consent of instructor. - Introduction to computational techniques to explore linguistic models and test empirical claims. Serves as an introduction to concepts, algorithms, data structures, and tool libraries. Topics include tagging and classification, parsing models, meaning representation, corpus creation, information extraction. Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Quantitative Reasoning II, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">497<\/span><\/span> Advanced Topics in Computational Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequisites: CASLX 496\/796 or CASCS 505, or consent of instructor. - Covers advanced topics in computational linguistics. Topics vary. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Topic for Spring 2027: TBA.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">601<\/span><\/span> Phonetics & Phonology: Introduction to Sound Systems<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-G\">Quantitative Reasoning I<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-F\">Scientific Inquiry II<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to the nature and patterning of sounds in human language. Presents articulatory and acoustic phonetics, and basic phonological analysis, focusing on cross-language typology and comparison. Hands-on development of practical skills, including IPA transcription, field techniques, and digital speech analysis. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Scientific Inquiry II, Quantitative Reasoning I, Critical Thinking.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">611<\/span><\/span> Morphology: Introduction to the Structures and Shapes of Words<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX612) - (Students must also register for required co-req GRS LX 612.) Morphology, the study of the internal structure and the shapes of words across languages, straddles the boundary between syntax and phonology. This course covers the major empirical and theoretical issues in the study of morphology, emphasizing links to other components of grammar. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Morphology\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 521.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">612<\/span><\/span> Morphology: Introduction to the Structures and Shapes of Words Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX611) - Required discussion section for students registered in GRS LX 611. Students must also register for GRS LX 611.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">617<\/span><\/span> Having and Being across Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate corequisite: CASLX 618. Languages differ startlingly in how they express the apparently basic concepts of \"possession\" and \"essence\". Students explore this variety and its implications, addressing fundamental questions about linguistic relativism, language universals, and the relationship between structure and meaning. Students must also register for CASLX 618 corequisite.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">618<\/span><\/span> Having and Being across Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Corequisite: CASLX 617 - Required discussion section for students registered in CASLX 617. Students must also register for CASLX 617.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">621<\/span><\/span> Syntax: Introduction to Sentential Structure<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to syntax as an object of inquiry. Students build an increasingly sophisticated model of syntactic knowledge to account for data from English and other languages, constructing and evaluating alternative hypotheses about how sentence structure works.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">627<\/span><\/span> Focus<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Exploration of focus in natural language, integrating syntax, phonology, semantics, morphology, and pragmatics in pursuit of general understanding of the cross-linguistic diversity of focus phenomena and the ways in which different linguistic processes cooperate to express focus. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 518.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">628<\/span><\/span> Questions<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Exploration of question formation across languages, and from several theoretical perspectives, integrating syntax, phonology, semantics, morphology, pragmatics, and philosophy in pursuit of a general understanding of one of the central phenomena driving theoretical linguistics.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">631<\/span><\/span> Semantics & Pragmatics: Introduction to Linguistic Meaning<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-I\">The Individual in Community<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Systematic examination of how meaning is encoded in words and sentences, and how it can emerge from the complexity of the grammar. Also touches on various aspects of pragmatics--the study of how meaning is shaped by context. Graduate students situate their project in relation to prior literature in the final project. Effective Fall 2025, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, The Individual in Community, Teamwork and Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">641<\/span><\/span> Sociolinguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to language in its social context. Methodological and theoretical approaches to sociolinguistics. Linguistic variation in relation to situation, gender, socioeconomic class, linguistic context, and ethnicity. Integrating micro- and macro-analysis from conversation to societal language planning. Also offered as CAS AN 521. <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">642<\/span><\/span> Language, Race, and Gender<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-E\">Social Inquiry I<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: Graduate standing in the Linguistics program, or consent of instructor. - Do women talk differently from men? How do race and ethnicity relate to the way people use language? This course examines these interrelated questions from the perspective of modern sociolinguistic theory, analyzing a range of languages and communities throughout the world. Effective Spring 2019, this course fulfills a single unit in the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry I, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">645<\/span><\/span> Languages in Contact: The High Stakes of Grammatical Border-Crossing<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Examines the mechanisms and outcomes of language contact by surveying cases around the globe from the past and present. Topics include lexical-borrowing, code-switching, pidgins and creoles, language death, and the emergence of entirely new language systems. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 515.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">646<\/span><\/span> Language Variation and Change<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-E\">Social Inquiry I<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Why do languages change over time? Who leads and who follows in situations of language change? The course answers these questions by examining the link between language change and linguistic variation, focusing on how synchronic variation leads to diachronic change. Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry I, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">649<\/span><\/span> Bilingualism<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-I\">The Individual in Community<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-P\">Social Inquiry II<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">The psycholinguistics and sociolinguistics of life with two languages. Topics include bilingual language use, processing, acquisition, organization; effects of bilingualism on cognition and development; the bilingual brain; the bilingual speech community; bilingual education; bilingualism in the media and public eye. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 545. Effective Fall 2019, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Social Inquiry II, The Individual in Community, Critical Thinking.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">650<\/span><\/span> Crosslinguistic Approaches to Language Acquisition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Exploration, within the framework of generative grammar, of how similarities and differences in the acquisition patterns of syntax, semantics, and morphology across typologically diverse languages provide key evidence about the essential nature of first and second language acquisition. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Language Acquisition and Linguistic Theory\" that was previously numbered GRS LX 700.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">651<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Psycholinguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequisites: CASLX 250 or consent of instructor. - Explores theories of cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying language comprehension and production. Examines empirical data on psycholinguistic phenomena and evaluates competing explanations. Features team-based laboratory work involving behavioral and neural data collection and analysis, and interactions with scholars in psycholinguistics.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">655<\/span><\/span> Second Language Acquisition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Overview of second language acquisition at all linguistic levels. Topics include the role of the native language; markedness; universals; environmental variables; cognitive and affective factors; social dimensions; individual differences among learners; and application of theory to third language acquisition. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 542.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">659<\/span><\/span> Interrupted Acquisition and Language Attrition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Examines native language knowledge and change in speakers who have become dominant in another language. Topics include differences among heritage speakers, international adoptees, and adult second language learners; language change in expatriates; and environmental and affective factors conditioning language loss. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Incomplete Acquisition and Language Attrition\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 546.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">660<\/span><\/span> Historical and Comparative Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-C\">Historical Consciousness<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to language change and the methodology of historical linguistic analysis, using data from a wide array of languages. Investigates genetic relatedness among languages, language comparison, historical reconstruction, and patterns and principles of change in phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Carries humanities divisional studies credit in CAS. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 535. Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Creativity\/Innovation, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness. Effective Spring 2026, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Critical Thinking, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">660S<\/span><\/span> Historical and Comparative Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-1\">Critical Thinking<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-C\">Historical Consciousness<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to language change and the methodology of historical linguistic analysis, using data from a wide array of languages. Investigates genetic relatedness among languages, language comparison, historical reconstruction, and patterns and principles of change in phonology, morphology, syntax, and semantics. Carries humanities divisional studies credit in CAS. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 535.Effective Summer 2026, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Critical Thinking, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Historical Consciousness.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">664<\/span><\/span> The Linguistics of Contemporary English<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Systematic introduction to the linguistic analysis of modern English (phonology, morphology, syntax) from the perspective of generative grammar. Other topics include: English and its West Germanic relatives, non-standard varieties and the development of standard English, varieties of World Englishes.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">665<\/span><\/span> Variation in Dialects of English<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX666) - Exploration of how dialects of English differ from each other, focusing on grammatical variation in the US, with occasional forays into other dialects. Students come to appreciate how linguists investigate grammatical diversity scientifically, revealing the complex structure of non-standard dialects. Students must also register for GRS LX 666.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">666<\/span><\/span> Variation in Dialects of English Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX665) - Required discussion section for students registered in GRS LX 665. Students must also register for GRS LX 665.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">667<\/span><\/span> Indigenous Languages of Latin America<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-6\">Writing-Intensive Course<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: (CASLX 250) and First-Year Writing Seminar (e.g., CASWR 100; WR 120) - Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX 677) - Exploration of the structure, history, and varieties of indigenous languages of Latin America, and of the communities that speak them. Effective Fall 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Writing-Intensive Course, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Research and Information Literacy. Students must also register for GRSLX 677.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">668<\/span><\/span> Structure of African Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">African language structure and status from the perspectives of theoretical and comparative linguistics (within the generative grammar framework), typology, and sociolinguistics, with focus on South African Nguni languages, especially IsiXhosa, and comparisons to its sister languages in that language group. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 505.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">669<\/span><\/span> The Structure of Creole Languages<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Overview of pidginization and Creolization. Evolution, typology, and area characteristics of Creole languages. Role of contact languages and other linguistic substrata. Field and classroom research with Creole language speakers. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 533.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">670<\/span><\/span> Romance Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: prior study of some Romance language at the 4th semester level or higher (e.g., CASLF 212 or LI 212 or LP 212 or LS 212 or CL 212, or equivalent); or consent of instructor. Corequisite: CASLX 671 - Covers morphophonological and morphosyntactic change since Latin, plus various topics in the comparative grammar of modern Romance languages. Students deepen their linguistic knowledge and analytic skills by applying what they have learned in other linguistics courses to this language family.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">671<\/span><\/span> Romance Linguistics Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: prior study of some Romance language at the 4th semester level or higher (e.g., CASLF 212 or LI 212 or LP 212 or LS 212 or CL 212, or equivalent); or consent of instructor. Corequisite: CASLX 670 - Required discussion section for students registered in CASLX 670. Students must also register for CASLX 670.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">673<\/span><\/span> The Structure of French: Phonology<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: one CAS LF 300-level course, or consent of instructor. - The sound system of standard French and dialect variation in France, Canada, and other Francophone regions. Questions about mental representation of linguistic information, processes of word formation, and language variation and change. Students discover linguistic regularities through frequent problem sets. Conducted in French. Also offered as CAS LF 503.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">674<\/span><\/span> The Structure of French: Syntax<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: one CAS LF 300-level course, or consent of instructor. - Exploration of French syntax with comparisons to Quebecois, English, and other languages. Topics include the position of the verb, pronoun status, questions, relative clauses, imperatives, negation, causatives, and left\/right dislocation. Students discover structural properties through frequent problem sets. Conducted in French. Also offered as CAS LF 502.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">675<\/span><\/span> The History of the French Language<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-C\">Historical Consciousness<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate pre-requisites: CASLX 250. - Overview of socio-historical and linguistic factors underpinning the emergence, development, and spread of the French language over time. Study of historical, societal, and political events, along with phonetic, morphological, syntactic, and orthographic changes. Representative texts demonstrate stages of language change. Effective Spring 2025, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Historical Consciousness, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">676<\/span><\/span> Topics in French Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: one CAS LF 300-level course or consent of instructor. - Topics vary by semester. Taught in French. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Also offered as CAS LF 506. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 506.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">677<\/span><\/span> Indigenous Languages of Latin America Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX667) - Required discussion section for students registered in GRS LX 667. Students must also register for GRS LX 667.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">681<\/span><\/span> Spanish in the United States<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: one LS 300-level language course, or consent of instructor. - An ethnographic survey and sociolinguistic analysis of Spanish as spoken in urban areas of the US. Focuses on issues of language and dialect content, language change, the fraught notion of 'heritage' speakers, and code-switching as a sociolinguistic phenomenon. Conducted in Spanish.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">683<\/span><\/span> The Sounds of Spanish<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: one LS 300-level language course; or consent of instructor. Introduction to Spanish phonetics and phonology. Covers articulatory, acoustic, and auditory phonetics, focusing on techniques for visualizing speech sounds. Examines the phonemic inventory and phonological organization of Spanish from several perspectives, including generative and articulatory phonology as well as sociolinguistics. Conducted in Spanish.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">684<\/span><\/span> The Structure of Spanish<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: one LS 300-level language course; or consent of instructor. Introduction to Spanish morphology and syntax. Explores the structure of Spanish words, phrases, and sentences from multiple perspectives with a focus on natural language data. Examines Generative, Usage-based, and Lexical-Functional approaches to the analysis of grammatical structure. Conducted in Spanish.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">686<\/span><\/span> Topics in Spanish Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Undergraduate Prerequisites: CASLX 250 and one LS 300-level language course. - May be taken twice for credit if topics are different. Taught in Spanish. Also offered as CASLX 386 and CASLS505.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">690<\/span><\/span> Topics in Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Topics and pre-requisites vary by semester and section. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Please see \"Notes\" for current offering.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">691<\/span><\/span> Linguistic Field Methods<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-K\">Ethical Reasoning<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-J\">Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-3\">Teamwork\/Collaboration<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">A team-based in-depth investigation of the phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, and lexicon of an African or other non-Indo-European language. Bi-weekly sessions with language consultant. Weekly trainings on methodology, ethics, analysis, and presentation of results. Effective Spring 2021, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Ethical Reasoning, Global Citizenship and Intercultural Literacy, Teamwork\/Collaboration.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">694<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Programming for Computational Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-H\">Quantitative Reasoning II<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Introduction to computational techniques to explore linguistic models and test empirical claims. Serves as an introduction to programming, algorithms, and data structures, focused on modern applications to Natural Language Processing. Topics include tagging and classification, parsing models, meaning representation, and information extraction. [Not intended for students with a background in programming or computer science] This course fulfills a single unit in the following BU Hub areas: Quantitative Reasoning II, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">695<\/span><\/span> Introduction to Large Language Models<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequisites: CASLX 394, or any course or equivalent experience involving computer programming. - This course introduces the history, science, engineering, and social implications of generative AI technologies based on large language models (LLMs). Students practice writing software with LLMs while analyzing their behavior and performance using scientifically rigorous evaluations. No background in AI, machine learning, or data science is necessary.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">703<\/span><\/span> Phonological Analysis<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: GRS LX 601, or consent of instructor. Survey of phonological theory and analysis, with focus on cross-linguistic typology of phonological systems. Phonological reasoning and argumentation skills are developed. Empirical coverage includes contrast, distinctive features, rules and constraints, opacity, tone, syllabification, stress, and interactions with morphology and syntax.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">705<\/span><\/span> Prosody<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: GRS LX 601 (formerly CAS LX 510), or consent of instructor. - Exploration of the melodic and rhythmic aspects of the languages of the world. Emphasis on theoretical and experimental approaches to cross-linguistic typology. Specific topics include syllables and syllable-weight, rhythm and speech timing; stress and metrics; tone and intonation. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS LX 525.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">706<\/span><\/span> Advanced Topics in Phonology<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: CAS LX 403\/ GRS LX 703 - Topics will vary. May be taken more than once for credit with different topics. First topic: Distinctive feature theory from Structuralism to the present. Issues include the putative universality of distinctive features, their phonetic underpinnings, tension among the various roles features play in the grammar, and applicability of features to phonology beyond consonants and vowels. <\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">709<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Phonetics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: CASLX 301 \/ GRSLX 601, or consent of instructor. - Comprehensive overview of the field of linguistic phonetics, focusing on speech production, aerodynamics, acoustics, and perception. Special attention to the role of phonetics in shaping cross-language phonological typology. Emphasis on practical skills for phonetic data analysis.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">722<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Syntax: Modeling Syntactic Knowledge<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: GRSLX 621, or consent of instructor. Using linguistic data drawn from a wide variety of languages, students develop a precise model of syntactic knowledge through evaluation of hypotheses and arguments. Exploration of major discoveries and phenomena from the linguistic literature.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">723<\/span><\/span> Advanced Syntax: Issues in Modern Syntactic Theory<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: CAS LX 631, or consent of instructor. Systematic development of a semantic theory of natural language, using the tools of model-theoretic semantics. In-depth study of the relation between meaning and grammar, and the relation between meaning and context. Graduate students compare two different theories of a chosen phenomenon in their final project..<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">724<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Syntax: Modeling Syntactic Knowledge Discussion<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: (GRSLX 621); Graduate Corequisites: (GRSLX 722) - Required discussion section for students registered in GRSLX 722. Students must also register for GRSLX 722.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">732<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Semantics: The Grammatical Construction of Meaning<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: CAS LX 631 (formerly CAS LX 502), or consent of instructor. - Systematic development of a semantic theory of natural language, using the tools of model-theoretic semantics. In-depth study of the relation between meaning and grammar, and the relation between meaning and context. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Semantics II\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 503.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">733<\/span><\/span> Experimental Pragmatics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-4\">Creativity\/Innovation<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-O\">Digital\/Multimedia Expression<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-H\">Quantitative Reasoning II<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: GRS LX 631 (formerly CAS LX 502), or consent of instructor. - Covers recent developments in the theory of pragmatics and related empirical findings obtained through a variety of experimental methods. Topics include scalar implicature and its relation to vagueness and imprecision, hyperbole, metaphor, irony, politeness, and the pragmatics of reference to objects in visual scenes. Effective Fall 2019, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Quantitative Reasoning II, Digital\/Multimedia Expression, Creativity\/Innovation.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">736<\/span><\/span> Advanced Topics in Semantics and Pragmatics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Grad Prereq: CASLX 432\/ GRSLX 732. Topic will vary. May be repeated for credit with different topics. Please see \"Notes\" for current offering.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">738<\/span><\/span> Discourse Analysis: Theoretical and Methodological Approaches<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Review of current research literature on discourse analysis; students practice and apply current methods and techniques of discourse analysis.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">753<\/span><\/span> Acquisition of Phonology<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: (GRSLX601) or consent of instructor. - Surveys current knowledge about how children acquire phonology during the first years of life. Topics include biological foundations; perceptual and vocal development; word learning; phonological universals; implicit and explicit learning mechanisms; formalist and functionalist models; and individual variation. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course entitled \"Phonological Development\" that was previously numbered CAS LX 541.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">754<\/span><\/span> Acquisition of Syntax<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: GRSLX621, or consent of instructor. Exploration of the character and course of acquisition of syntactic knowledge in both first and second language contexts. Covers methodological principles for conducting studies and analyzing data, and topics including development of verb movement, binding theory, morphosyntax, and tense expression.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">790<\/span><\/span> Intermediate Topics in Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prereq: Graduate standing or consent of instructor - Topics for Spring 2024: Advanced Morphophonology. Investigation of what morphology and phonology are, how they may or may not be distinct, and how they interact. Topics will vary, but may include: emergence, innateness, inflectional classes, morphomes, paradigms, rules and\/or constraints, analogy, cyclicity, ineffability, and prosodic morphology.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">795<\/span><\/span> Quantitative Methods in Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Graduate Prerequisites: graduate standing in the Linguistics program, or consent of instructor. - Introduces students to quantitative approaches to linguistic data, including visualization, hypothesis testing, and data modeling. Students gain proficiency in R, an open-source statistical environment, and learn the logic behind statistical techniques, as well as practical skills for using them.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">796<\/span><\/span> Computational Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        <div class=\"cf-hub-ind\">  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"cf-hub-head\" alt=\"BU Hub\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-buhub\">BU Hub<\/span>  <\/a>  <a href=\"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/hub\/what-is-the-hub\/\" target=\"_blank\" class=\"hub-head\">    <span aria-hidden=\"true\" class=\"bu-hub-iconstyles icon-questionmark\">Learn More<\/span>  <\/a>  <ul class=\"cf-hub-offerings\"><li class=\"cf-hub-area-H\">Quantitative Reasoning II<\/li><li class=\"cf-hub-area-2\">Research and Information Literacy<\/li>  <\/ul><\/div>\n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: CAS LX 250 and CAS CS 112, or consent of instructor. - Introduction to computational techniques to explore linguistic models and test empirical claims. Serves as an introduction to concepts, algorithms, data structures, and tool libraries. Topics include tagging and classification, parsing models, meaning representation, corpus creation, information extraction. [Students who have already taken CAS LX 394\/GRS LX 694 are not eligible to take this course.] Effective Spring 2020, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Quantitative Reasoning II, Research and Information Literacy.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">797<\/span><\/span> Advanced Topics in Computational Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequisites: CASLX 496\/796 or CASCS 505, or consent of instructor. - Covers advanced topics in computational linguistics. Topics vary. May be repeated for credit as topics change. Topic for Spring 2027: TBA.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">799<\/span><\/span> Advanced Quantitative Methods for Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Prerequiste: CASLX 795. - This course provides students who already have a foundation in statistical analysis with a deeper understanding of data management and visualization, (mixed effects) regression modeling, dimensionality reduction, model selection, contrast coding schemes, interaction, partitioning algorithms, and strategies for streamlining workflow.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">801<\/span><\/span> Seminar in Linguistic Research<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">2 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Advanced graduate students working on their qualifying research papers or thesis present and discuss work in progress. The course is organized thematically based on students' research areas. Readings each week are determined on the basis of the research discussed. 2 cr. per semester.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">802<\/span><\/span> Seminar in Linguistic Research<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">2 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Advanced graduate students working on their qualifying research papers or thesis present and discuss work in progress. The course is organized thematically based on students' research areas. Readings each week are determined on the basis of the research discussed. 2 cr. per semester.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">865<\/span><\/span> Advanced Topics in Linguistics: Language Acquisition<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall and Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: (CASLX522) or consent of instructor. - An in-depth exploration of current issues in language acquisition in relation to recent developments in linguistic theory, making use of computer-based tools and techniques in hands-on lab work. The focus is on experimental methodology and statistics, analysis of transcripts to uncover generalizations and test theoretical predictions, and use of other psycholinguistic tools. Topics to be covered will be drawn, in part, from the recent programs of the annual Boston University Conference on Language Development.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">951<\/span><\/span> Directed Study: Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: consent of instructor and director of the program. - Directed study in a selected topic in linguistics.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">951S<\/span><\/span> DIRECTED STUDY<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">4 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: consent of instructor and director of the program. - DIRECTED STUDY<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">952<\/span><\/span> Directed Study: Linguistics<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: consent of instructor and director of the program. - Directed study in a selected topic in linguistics.<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">952S<\/span><\/span> DIRECTED STUDY<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\"> Graduate Prerequisites: consent of instructor and director of the program. - DIRECTED STUDY<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">981<\/span><\/span> Certified Full-Time Study<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">CERT FT STUDY<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">982<\/span><\/span> Certified Full-Time Study<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">CERT FT STUDY<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">983<\/span><\/span> Continued Part-Time Study<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">Continuing Study Part-Time<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">984<\/span><\/span> Continued Part-Time Study<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">CONT STUDY PT<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">985<\/span><\/span> Continued Full-Time Study<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Fall<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">CONT STUDY CFT<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">986<\/span><\/span> Continued Full-Time Study<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">0 credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\">Spring<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p class=\"cf-course-description\">CONT STUDY CFT<\/p>\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<\/aside><aside class=\"cf-course\">\n\t<div class=\"cf-course-card\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"cf-course-title\"><span class=\"cf-course-id\"><span class=\"cf-course-college\">CAS<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-dept\">LX<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-number\">TRN<\/span><\/span> CASLX 500 Level Transfer<\/h3>\n\t\t<p class=\"meta cf-course-info\"><span class=\"cf-course-credits\">Var credits.<\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-offered\"><\/span> <span class=\"cf-course-prereqs\"><\/span><\/p>\n        \n\t\t<p 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