{"id":81695,"date":"2021-07-14T14:55:56","date_gmt":"2021-07-14T18:55:56","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/?post_type=bu-article&#038;p=81695"},"modified":"2025-07-14T12:06:28","modified_gmt":"2025-07-14T16:06:28","slug":"snapchat-judgment-allows-free-speech-off-campus","status":"publish","type":"bu-article","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2021\/snapchat-judgment-allows-free-speech-off-campus\/","title":{"rendered":"Snap(chat) Judgment Allows Free Speech Off-Campus"},"content":{"rendered":"\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-leadin record-block-editorial-leadin is-style-emphasis-on-text has-media has-media-focus-center-middle has-quinary-theme\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-lockup\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-leadin-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-scaled.jpg\" class=\"\" alt=\"Snapchat on phone with American flag\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-scaled.jpg 2560w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-636x424.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-2048x1366.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-992x661.jpg 992w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-1984x1323.jpg 1984w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2021\/07\/pexels-solen-feyissa-4848668-1-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2560px) 100vw, 2560px\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-outer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wp-prepress-tag\">Technology Law<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"head\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tSnap(chat) Judgment Allows Free Speech Off-Campus\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"deck\">Supreme Court case determines students remain protected by the First Amendment outside of the school environment.<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar record-prepress-layout-metabar\">\n\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-date\">July 14, 2021<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-credits\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-credit-type=\"By\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/authors\/kimberly-miragliuolo\/\">Kimberly Miragliuolo<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-share js-bu-prepress-share-tools\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span>Twitter<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span>Facebook<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-action\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\n<p>School was once contained within just four walls, but those boundaries in relation to social media were questioned in a recent Supreme Court case, <a rel=\"noreferrer noopener\" href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/20pdf\/20-255_g3bi.pdf\" target=\"_blank\"><em>Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L.<\/em><\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As technology enables learning to take place virtually anywhere, schooling is an evolving space. Therefore, does the omnipresence and permanence of the digital world require schools to regulate a student\u2019s speech on social media?<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>We spoke with Clinical Associate Professor <strong>Andrew Sellars<\/strong>, director of the Technology Law Clinic and expert on media and First Amendment law and privacy, to understand the details of the <em>Mahanoy<\/em> decision.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a record-block-editorial-q-and-a has-dark-theme\"><div class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-title\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-title-heading\">Q<span>&amp;<\/span>A<\/h2><h4 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-title-subheading\">Andy Sellars<\/h4><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-name\">The Record:<\/span> <span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Did the court\u2019s ruling surprise you? What do you think of the justices\u2019 reasoning?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">This is not surprising, though it&#8217;s noteworthy that this is now the fifth time that the Supreme Court has taken on a student speech case, and it&#8217;s the first time since the very first opinion that they actually found for the student. Historically, the general principle is that everyone, including children, has First Amendment rights. Therefore, the regulation that we allow for in public schools, because public schools are state actors, is subject to constitutional limitations.<br><br>The major original case is <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/1968\/21\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Tinker v. Des Moines Independent Community School District<\/em><\/a><em>, <\/em>from the 1960s, which says that a school may punish a student if their speech substantially interferes or disrupts a school activity or collides with the rights of another student. Since that time between <em>Tinker<\/em> and the <em>Mahanoy<\/em> case, we have three other opinions, all of which put exceptions into <em>Tinker<\/em>. What they call the \u201csubstantial disruption test\u201d doesn&#8217;t apply when it&#8217;s a student newspaper that&#8217;s run by a faculty member, or when the students are promoting illegal drug use on-campus, or when they&#8217;re saying lewd speech as part of a public assembly. There&#8217;s a series of carve outs that came out in the 1980s, and as recently as 2007, with the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.uscourts.gov\/educational-resources\/educational-activities\/facts-and-case-summary-morse-v-frederick\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Morse v.<\/em> <em>Frederick<\/em><\/a> case.&nbsp;<br><br>The <em>Mahanoy<\/em> opinion makes clear that there is a distinction between the times in which a student is generally protected by the First Amendment in its fullest form, and when they&#8217;re in that restricted environment in a school.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-bu-pullquote record-block-bu-pullquote alignwide is-style-modern has-image-focus-center-middle has-quinary-theme has-quinary-theme-text\"><div class=\"wp-block-bu-pullquote-inner\"><blockquote><div class=\"container-lockup\"><div class=\"container-icon-outer\"><div class=\"container-icon-inner\"><\/div><\/div><div class=\"container-text\"><hr\/><div class=\"quote-sizing\"><strong>It touches on a lot of the freedom of expression principles that we talk about in a law school: Why do we protect speech, even when it causes other harms that we normally would allow the law to address?<\/strong><\/div><footer class=\"caption\"><strong>Andy Sellars<\/strong><\/footer><hr\/><\/div><\/div><\/blockquote><\/div><\/div>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a record-block-editorial-q-and-a has-dark-theme\">\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-name\">The Record:<\/span> <span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Historically and legally, how big a deal is this ruling?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">The fundamental question that I think we are looking to answer is, how do we understand the school as a restricted-speech environment, given that what is on-campus and what is off-campus is very blurry these days?<br><br>But even before this past year, a lot of things that happened off-campus would find their way on campus. You do a lot of things that we think of as part of your school life when you\u2019re outside of school: you&#8217;re on a field trip or you&#8217;re somewhere else with students or faculty.&nbsp;<br><br>There are a lot of tests proposed, but the court didn&#8217;t go for any of them.&nbsp; They identified three general principles that should be considered: When a school stands in place of parents, it makes sense to punish like a parent would; that a student should not be put in the situation where they&#8217;re always in a restricted environment, there should be some places where they have their full First Amendment rights; and that the school has a responsibility to protect unpopular ideas by students. And then there\u2019s this really interesting constitutional value that the court talks about at the end, writing schools should protect \u201cunpopular expression\u201d as a way of fostering democratic values.\u201d&nbsp;<br><br>It touches on a lot of the freedom of expression principles that we talk about in a law school: Why do we protect speech, even when it causes other harms that we normally would allow the law to address?<strong> <\/strong>One that often gets asserted is fostering of democratic autonomy, the self-governance ideal of freedom of expression. And it seems like the court was gesturing at this idea that schools should tolerate some unpopular expression.<br><br>I think it mattered in this case that there was criticism underneath the vulgarity and it was directed at the school. There is a degree to which you can&#8217;t punish the person because they&#8217;re saying nasty things about you. As a school, you should be able to take it.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-name\">The Record:<\/span> <span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Did anything in the justices\u2019 concurring opinions surprise you?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">The reasoning of Justice Alito is pretty parallel to the majority opinion and so his concurrence, which was joined by Justice Gorsuch, gives additional historical context and engages a bit with Justice Thomas&#8217;s dissent about a historical understanding of freedom of expression in this context. It also calls into question why schools should be allowed to restrict speech more generally, and calls them out as a concerning actor in this area.<br><br>For instance, what about a student harassing another person on Snapchat? Does that mean that the school could never take action against the harasser because it is happening on an online platform? What about threats that are made directly to a school official or a criticism or antagonism that a faculty member might experience?<br><br>Both Justice Alito quite directly, and Justice Breyer somewhat indirectly, point out that they\u2019re not saying you can&#8217;t punish bullies by articulating this rule, but they don&#8217;t go so far as to actually define the boundaries.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-name\">The Record:<\/span> <span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Given Justice Breyer\u2019s argument that \u201cthe speaker\u2019s off-campus location will make the critical difference,\u201d how does one determine the \u201clocation\u201d when considering social media?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Before this case, courts had considered when something is done close enough to campus, such that you&#8217;re in this restricted environment and can punish a student for otherwise lawful speech. Some courts decided that anytime it causes a disruption on-campus we can punish it, no matter where the speech comes from. I don&#8217;t think you could say that after this decision.<br><br>But other courts have talked about whether it was sent or accessed from an on-campus setting as being a potential difference. A lot of those cases are from the 2000s early 2010s, where there was more use of on-campus computers, and so it&#8217;s easier to say you&#8217;re at the computer lab sending or receiving this message, therefore you&#8217;re on-campus.<br><br>These days, it&#8217;s all happening over smartphones, so that test doesn\u2019t apply as neatly today. Before this decision some courts looked at the speaker and whether or not they intended it to have an effect on-campus and if they were directing their speech to campus. Reading this opinion, the fact that Justice Breyer makes a point that this wasn&#8217;t directed at campus, tells me that may be a good test going forward.<br><br>I think it is important that this court is trying to draw lines around when you are inside versus outside the school environment.&nbsp; Especially right now, when for a lot of people their school life and their home life has been indistinguishable. School permeates into our lives in a much more profound way than it used to.&nbsp;<br><br>I hope that courts feel empowered to scrutinize when schools will seek to punish a student for speech. I think that is an important thing for them to be critical about because we have seen, in cases in the past and in this case, unreasonable extension of that punishment power for things that have only an indirect nexus to school activity.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-name\">The Record:<\/span> <span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">How is the ruling likely to affect free speech in social media?<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">The opinion itself is careful to stay confined to the restricted environments of school. It doesn&#8217;t say anything about some of the more controversial things that have happened in the First Amendment doctrine more recently. There have been some interesting cases, starting about six years ago, considering when a law becomes a content-based restriction on freedom of expression that is subject to higher judicial scrutiny.&nbsp;<br><br>The case of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/14pdf\/13-502_9olb.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Reed v. Town of Gilbert<\/em><\/a> put a very aggressive view as to what constitutes a content-based restriction on speech. We had two cases about 10 years ago, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.oyez.org\/cases\/2008\/08-205\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Citizens United<\/em><\/a><em> <\/em>and <a href=\"https:\/\/www.supremecourt.gov\/opinions\/10pdf\/10-779.pdf\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>Sorell v. IMS<\/em><\/a>, that looked at how economic and other forms of regulation can be trumped by what some critics call \u201cFirst Amendment Lochnerism,\u201d this idea that a laissez-faire economic view is pushed by corporations through asserting First Amendment rights.<br><br>This case doesn&#8217;t put any of that stuff back on the table, it stays confined to the school context. It states, in passing, that this speech is not those classic categories of expression that are unprotected under the First Amendment, and does not apply to these frameworks and then confines itself to that environments test. So, I think it&#8217;d be hard to pull anything out of either the decision or the concurrence about what this could mean for students\u2019 speech outside of the school context.<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a record-block-editorial-q-and-a has-tertiary-theme\"><\/section>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories is-style-card has-three record-block-editorial-relatedstories\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-title\">Related<\/h3>\n\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"2560\" height=\"1707\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2021\/06\/WomanReadsToGirl-scaled.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" 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Government Contractors<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-date\">July 1, 2021<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"670\" height=\"620\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/en-garde-online.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Group of people on mobile devices, creating shadows in the form of snakes\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/en-garde-online.jpg 670w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/en-garde-online-636x589.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/en-garde-online-372x344.jpg 372w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/en-garde-online-572x529.jpg 572w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 670px) 100vw, 670px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-category\"><span>Feature<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2020\/confronting-abuse-online\/\" class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title-link\">En Garde, Online<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-date\">June 1, 2020<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"1600\" height=\"1600\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Digital illustration of surrealistic faceless human with spiritual thoughts.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic.jpg 1600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-636x636.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1024x1024.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1536x1536.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-826x826.jpg 826w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-682x682.jpg 682w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1032x1032.jpg 1032w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1321x1321.jpg 1321w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-344x344.jpg 344w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-529x529.jpg 529w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-688x688.jpg 688w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1058x1058.jpg 1058w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1364x1364.jpg 1364w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1000x1000.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-1200x1200.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-550x550.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-710x710.jpg 710w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2020\/05\/bust-with-dna-graphic-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1600px) 100vw, 1600px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-category\"><span>Data Privacy<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2020\/tiffany-li-biometric-privacy\/\" class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title-link\">Our Bodies, Our Data<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-date\">June 1, 2020<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>School was once contained within just four walls, but those boundaries in relation to social media were questioned in a recent Supreme Court case, Mahanoy Area School District v. B.L..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19416,"featured_media":81715,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"bu_prepress_billboard":"{\"post_id\":50299,\"hed\":\"Visiting Scholars Enrich BU Law\\u2019s Technology &#038; Policy Research Initiative\",\"dek\":\"Next Article\",\"class\":\"wp-block-editorial-billboard record-block-editorial-billboard is-style-accent-photo has-light-overlay\",\"backgroundType\":\"image\",\"backgroundOpacity\":\"100\"}","_bu_prepress_primary_term":"Technology Law","_bu_prepress_primary_term_manual":""},"tags":[1673,992,4256,3267],"bu-publication":[3742],"record-article-category":[3751,3779,3786,3775],"record-topic":[3795],"bu_edition":[],"media_type":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/81695"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bu-article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19416"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=81695"}],"version-history":[{"count":34,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/81695\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":119060,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/81695\/revisions\/119060"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/81715"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=81695"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=81695"},{"taxonomy":"bu-publication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-publication?post=81695"},{"taxonomy":"record-article-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/record-article-category?post=81695"},{"taxonomy":"record-topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/record-topic?post=81695"},{"taxonomy":"bu_edition","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu_edition?post=81695"},{"taxonomy":"media_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_type?post=81695"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}