{"id":123337,"date":"2026-03-09T13:47:36","date_gmt":"2026-03-09T17:47:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/?post_type=bu-article&#038;p=123337"},"modified":"2026-03-09T16:21:51","modified_gmt":"2026-03-09T20:21:51","slug":"movements-and-hope","status":"publish","type":"bu-article","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2026\/movements-and-hope\/","title":{"rendered":"Law, Movements, and the Fragility of Hope"},"content":{"rendered":"\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-leadin record-block-editorial-leadin is-style-side-by-side has-media has-wider has-media-focus-center-middle has-quinary-theme\">\n\t\t<div class=\"container-lockup\">\n\n\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-leadin-media\">\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<img width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot.png\" class=\"\" alt=\"Ayodeji Perrin\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot.png 600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-150x150.png 150w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-344x344.png 344w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-529x529.png 529w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-500x500.png 500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-300x300.png 300w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-550x550.png 550w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Ayodeji-Perrin-Headshot-100x100.png 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-outer\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"container-words-inner\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<span class=\"wp-prepress-tag\">Social Change<\/span>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h1 class=\"head\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tLaw, Movements, and the Fragility of Hope\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h1>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"deck\">A conversation with Associate Professor Dr. Ayodeji Kamau\u00a0Perrin about global human rights and legal mobilization.<\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\t\n\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t\n\t<\/div>\n\n\t\n<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar record-prepress-layout-metabar\">\n\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-wrapper\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-date\">March 9, 2026<\/div>\n\t\t\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-credits\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<ul data-credit-type=\"By\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<li><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/authors\/sarah-awan-whelan\/\">Sarah Awan Whelan<\/a><\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<div class=\"wp-prepress-component-metabar-share js-bu-prepress-share-tools\">\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-twitter\"><span>Twitter<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-facebook\"><span>Facebook<\/span><\/span>\n\t\t\t<span class=\"icon-action\"><\/span>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\t\n\n\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/profile\/ayodeji-kamau-perrin\/\" data-type=\"profile\" data-id=\"118968\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Dr. Ayodeji Kamau Perrin<\/a> is an interdisciplinary scholar of human rights, social movements, and legal mobilization. His work examines litigation as a vehicle for social change, from the strategic choices of aggrieved communities to judicial decision-making, compliance, backlash, and countermobilization. With particular attention to transnational dynamics, he explores the development of transnational litigation networks, comparative constitutional interpretation, norm diffusion and contestation, and the dialogue between domestic and international legal orders.&nbsp;Professor Perrin is&nbsp;currently&nbsp;teaching&nbsp;courses&nbsp;on Corporations and&nbsp;Professional Responsibility.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>He spoke with&nbsp;<em>The Record<\/em>&nbsp;on legal mobilization, global human rights, and whether catastrophe is history\u2019s engine of change.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<section class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a record-block-editorial-q-and-a has-primary-theme\"><div class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-title\"><h2 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-title-heading\">Q<span>&amp;<\/span>A<\/h2><h4 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-title-subheading\"><\/h4><\/div>\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><em>The Record: <\/em><strong>You\u2019ve described yourself as a legal realist. What does that mean for how you see the law?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">I\u2019m a legal realist in the sense that I don\u2019t believe law is neutral or self-executing. I think law bends to the will of those who know how to manipulate it toward particular ends. That doesn\u2019t mean doctrine doesn\u2019t matter. It does. But it operates within a larger ecosystem of power.<br><br>That\u2019s why I\u2019m interested in why social movements choose to use courts at all. Movements have many tools at their disposal. If enough people are aggrieved, they can vote. They can organize. They can boycott. They can protest. In some cases, historically, they\u2019ve even turned to armed resistance.<br><br>Litigation is only one strategy among many. My question has always been: when and why does a movement decide to enter the courts?<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>A cursory observation of your academic career indicates a person intellectually located within both law and political science. Can you speak a little bit about how those disciplines intersect in your work?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">My formal training is in political science, but much of what informs&nbsp;my&nbsp;thinking comes from sociology. Legal scholars often focus on doctrinal reasoning,&nbsp;what judges say in their&nbsp;opinions,&nbsp;and whether it aligns with precedent. But social science asks&nbsp;a different question. It looks at&nbsp;actors. Judges, yes, but also lawyers, law clerks, advocacy organizations, amicus briefs, and the broader political and cultural context. Judges are not immune from those pressures.&nbsp;<br><br>Political science offers frameworks for understanding judicial behavior. Some judges adhere closely to precedent. Others worry about institutional legitimacy. Others pursue ideological goals and select supporting precedents. Those frameworks help explain outcomes.&nbsp;<br><br>But I&nbsp;ultimately situate&nbsp;myself as a human rights and social movement scholar because my primary concern is not doctrinal purity.&nbsp;It\u2019s&nbsp;mobilization.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>You use the term \u201cmobilization.\u201d What does legal mobilization mean in your work?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">For me, legal mobilization refers specifically to litigation. Other scholars include lobbying or administrative advocacy. I&nbsp;don\u2019t, because social movement theory already accounts for those strategies.&nbsp;<br><br>Instead,&nbsp;I\u2019m&nbsp;interested in moments when organized movements\u2014not lone actors\u2014choose courts as a primary vehicle.&nbsp;During the civil rights era, Thurgood Marshall and the NAACP focused on litigation. Martin Luther King Jr. emphasized mass nonviolent protest. Others, including Malcolm X and the Black Panthers, argued for armed resistance. Litigation is rarely uncontested inside movements. My work examines the factors that make it more or less likely.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>Was there a formative experience that led you&nbsp;to&nbsp;this focus?<\/strong><\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Yes.&nbsp;In 2003, I&nbsp;encountered&nbsp;the case of a woman in northern Nigeria sentenced to death by stoning under&nbsp;a&nbsp;Sharia law&nbsp;that forbids&nbsp;sex outside of marriage. There was a global online petition campaign to pressure Nigeria\u2019s federal government to intervene. But the woman and her legal team&nbsp;didn\u2019t&nbsp;want political intervention. They wanted her sentence&nbsp;to overturn&nbsp;within Sharia law itself. They feared that external pressure\u2014especially from&nbsp;Western actors\u2014would delegitimize the result and provoke backlash.&nbsp;<br><br>Ultimately, her&nbsp;sentence was overturned on appeal through arguments grounded in Islamic jurisprudence. That case introduced me to tensions that have stayed with me: the friction between transnational human rights advocacy and local legitimacy. It made me question whether external pressure always helps or whether it sometimes undermines.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>So, there are&nbsp;many&nbsp;shifting powers of legitimizing human rights.&nbsp;Is there a definitive&nbsp;role&nbsp;of&nbsp;law in international courts, domestic courts, and advocacy networks?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">When I began my doctoral work, I thought law would be central. I planned to study how African regional courts were adopting human rights reasoning by referencing European and inter-American jurisprudence.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br>Over time though, I shifted my focus.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br>Instead of asking how&nbsp;judges&nbsp;reason, I began asking: where do these cases come from in the first place?&nbsp;<br><br>Law&nbsp;becomes&nbsp;one factor among many. Social movements consider legal precedent, but they also weigh network strength, repeat-player advocacy organizations, judicial composition, and political climate.&nbsp;<br><br>And then there\u2019s compliance. After a favorable ruling, will the state comply? Often what you see is procedural compliance\u2014cosmetic reforms rather than substantive change.&nbsp;&nbsp;<br><br>Doctrine explains only part of what happens.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>Given the need for movements right now, how should ordinary people understand judicial power?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Judicial power is malleable. It expands and contracts depending on other actors.&nbsp;<br><br>Executives can&nbsp;comply with&nbsp;or ignore rulings. Legislatures can restrict&nbsp;jurisdiction. Civil society can empower courts by bringing cases or&nbsp;weaken&nbsp;them by withdrawing legitimacy.&nbsp;We\u2019re&nbsp;seeing contemporary examples of this tension. Courts issue rulings; administrations may resist. That struggle reveals that judicial authority&nbsp;ultimately depends&nbsp;on broader political conditions.&nbsp;<br><br>Essentially, courts&nbsp;are powerful, but not omnipotent.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>Can you offer examples of court decisions you feel were truly transformative?<\/strong>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">In the United States, the classic example is&nbsp;<em>Brown v. Board of Education<\/em>.&nbsp;There\u2019s&nbsp;a long-standing debate about whether&nbsp;<em>Brown<\/em>&nbsp;directly caused school desegregation or whether meaningful change required the Civil Rights Act of 1964.&nbsp;<br><br>I tend to think&nbsp;<em>Brown<\/em>&nbsp;mattered symbolically. It cracked the wall of Jim Crow. It signaled that segregation was not immutable.&nbsp;<br><br>Internationally, I find the decriminalization of same-sex conduct especially powerful.&nbsp;India\u2019s 2018 decision striking down Section 377&nbsp;[a penal code for same-sex relations]&nbsp;was transformative. Unlike&nbsp;<em>Lawrence v. Texas<\/em>, which relied heavily on privacy, the Indian Court emphasized dignity and transformative constitutionalism: the idea that a constitution can actively reshape society.&nbsp;These decisions had immediate effects: conduct that was criminal one day became lawful the next.&nbsp;On the other hand, cases like&nbsp;<em>Kiobel&nbsp;v. Royal Dutch Petroleum Co.<\/em>&nbsp;restricted access to US&nbsp;courts for foreign plaintiffs under the Alien Tort Statute. That closed doors for many human rights claimants.&nbsp;<br><br>So,&nbsp;transformation cuts both ways.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>You&nbsp;cover so much ground in your&nbsp;scholarly writing. It begs asking&nbsp;if&nbsp;there\u2019s&nbsp;a question you still&nbsp;can\u2019t&nbsp;answer?&nbsp;<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Two.&nbsp;<br><br>First:&nbsp;What&nbsp;do we do about democratic backsliding and threats to the rule of law? If courts are ideologically divided and executives disregard rulings, institutional solutions seem fragile.&nbsp;<br><br>Second: does transformative progress require catastrophe? The abolition of slavery followed civil war. The modern human rights regime&nbsp;emerged&nbsp;from the devastation of World War II. Major expansions of rights often follow profound&nbsp;ruptures.&nbsp;<br><br>I&nbsp;don\u2019t&nbsp;want that to be the pattern. But history makes it difficult to ignore.&nbsp;<br>&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-question\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\"><strong>That\u2019s&nbsp;fascinating.&nbsp;Has this changed your understanding of hope?<\/strong>&nbsp;<\/span><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-answer\"><span class=\"wp-block-editorial-q-and-a-content\">Yes.&nbsp;I have less hope than I used to. I wish I could&nbsp;say&nbsp;otherwise. The pressures on democratic institutions, the climate crisis, the pace of technological disruption\u2014all of it feels destabilizing.&nbsp;<br><br>But&nbsp;perhaps part&nbsp;of&nbsp;scholarship&nbsp;is sitting honestly with uncertainty.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<\/section>\n\n\n\n<hr class=\"wp-block-separator has-text-color has-background has-law-dark-blue-background-color has-law-dark-blue-color is-style-wide\"\/>\n\n\n\t<aside class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories is-style-card has-three record-block-editorial-relatedstories\">\n\t\t<h3 class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-title\">Related<\/h3>\n\t\t<ul class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"630\" height=\"414\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2025\/08\/BULaw_NewFac_2526_Record_Thumbnail.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/08\/BULaw_NewFac_2526_Record_Thumbnail.png 630w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/08\/BULaw_NewFac_2526_Record_Thumbnail-500x329.png 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 630px) 100vw, 630px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-category\"><span>BU Law News<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2025\/nine-new-full-time-faculty-join-the-bu-law-community-for-ay-2025-2026\/\" class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title-link\">Nine New Full-Time Faculty Join the BU Law Community for AY 2025\u20132026<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-date\">August 22, 2025<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"600\" height=\"600\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Enrique-Alberto-Prieto-R\u00edos-Headshot.png\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Enrique Alberto Prieto-R\u00edos\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Enrique-Alberto-Prieto-R\u00edos-Headshot.png 600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2025\/07\/Enrique-Alberto-Prieto-R\u00edos-Headshot-150x150.png 150w, 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class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2025\/localizing-international-law\/\" class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title-link\">Localizing International Law<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-date\">November 14, 2025<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<li class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-list-item\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<article class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-image\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<img width=\"2048\" height=\"1365\" src=\"\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3.jpg\" class=\"attachment-post-thumbnail size-post-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Professor Steven Dean and Professor Jonathan Feingold talking to one another while sitting on arm chairs.\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3.jpg 2048w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-636x424.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1024x683.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-768x512.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1536x1024.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1200x800.jpg 1200w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-992x661.jpg 992w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1500x1000.jpg 1500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1920x1280.jpg 1920w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-500x333.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1000x667.jpg 1000w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-1984x1322.jpg 1984w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-900x600.jpg 900w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-450x300.jpg 450w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/files\/2026\/01\/IMG_3344-3-600x400.jpg 600w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 2048px) 100vw, 2048px\" \/>\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/figure>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-category\"><span>Tax Reform<\/span><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h4 class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title\"><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/record\/articles\/2026\/raceclass-with-steven-dean\/\" class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-title-link\">#RaceClass with Steven Dean<\/a><\/h4>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"wp-block-editorial-relatedstories-article-date\">January 29, 2026<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/article>\n\t\t\t\t<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t<\/aside>\n\t","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Dr. Perrin is an interdisciplinary scholar of human rights, social movements, and legal mobilization. His work examines litigation as a vehicle for social change, from the strategic choices of aggrieved communities to judicial decision-making, compliance, backlash, and countermobilization. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":19416,"featured_media":118973,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"bu_prepress_billboard":"","_bu_prepress_primary_term":"","_bu_prepress_primary_term_manual":"Social Change"},"tags":[3104,1896,3900,1256,1706,1656],"bu-publication":[3742],"record-article-category":[3770,3751,3767,4135,4129,3786],"record-topic":[],"bu_edition":[],"media_type":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/123337"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bu-article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/19416"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123337"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/123337\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":123345,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/123337\/revisions\/123345"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/118973"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123337"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123337"},{"taxonomy":"bu-publication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-publication?post=123337"},{"taxonomy":"record-article-category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/record-article-category?post=123337"},{"taxonomy":"record-topic","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/record-topic?post=123337"},{"taxonomy":"bu_edition","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu_edition?post=123337"},{"taxonomy":"media_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/law\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_type?post=123337"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}