{"id":19987,"date":"2025-01-03T14:08:41","date_gmt":"2025-01-03T19:08:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/?page_id=19987"},"modified":"2025-11-19T16:20:42","modified_gmt":"2025-11-19T21:20:42","slug":"limits-to-digitalization","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/research\/limits-to-digitalization\/","title":{"rendered":"Limits to Digitalization"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\" bu-callout alignright\"><br \/>\n<h2 class=\"display-posts-title\">News<\/h2>\n<div class=\"display-posts-listing\"><div class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/2023\/07\/13\/impacts-of-data-centers-in-norways-clean-energy-transition\/\"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"\/igs\/files\/2023\/07\/Norways-clean-energy_featured-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Working Data Center With Rows of Rack Servers Connected with LAN Connection Visualisation Lines, plus photo of Norway&#039;s flag\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2023\/07\/Norways-clean-energy_featured-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2023\/07\/Norways-clean-energy_featured-189x189.jpg 189w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2023\/07\/Norways-clean-energy_featured-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> <a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/2023\/07\/13\/impacts-of-data-centers-in-norways-clean-energy-transition\/\">$1.1 Million Awarded to Joint Study on Impacts of Data Centers in Norway\u2019s Clean Energy Transition<\/a> <span class=\"date\">(7\/13\/2023)<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<h2>Making data centers more sustainable.<\/h2>\n<p>Norway&#8217;s ambition to be a global digital infrastructure hub has led to a surge in energy demand, supercharged by AI&#8217;s rapid growth \u2014 raising critical questions about the benefits and challenges of digitalization.<\/p>\n<p>Backed by the Research Council of Norway, the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.l2d.no\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Limits to Digitalization (L2D) project<\/a> looks at data center sustainability in the country&#8217;s clean energy transition to identify the socio-environmental impacts of digital transformation. It&#8217;s a $1.1 million international research collaboration between NTNU Social Research and Boston University. Leading BU&#8217;s efforts are Ayse Coskun, Director of the BU Center for Information &amp; Systems Engineering and part of IGS&#8217;s core faculty, and Benjamin Sovacool, Director of IGS.<\/p>\n<h3>Research Approach and Goals<\/h3>\n<p>The study sets out to investigate the whole-systems justice issues around data center development, examine the use of data centers as resources in diverse energy markets, and design optimization models to improve data center efficiency.<\/p>\n<p>It will create a conceptual framework for digitalization that aims to:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Examine the social and distributional impacts of energy transition policies through a whole-systems justice lens, focusing on who benefits.<\/li>\n<li>Promote an equitable and urgent transition with bold civic action and policy initiatives.<\/li>\n<li>Create innovative tools for energy and data center governance to support decision-makers in Norway&#8217;s energy sector.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"bu_collapsible_container \" aria-live=\"polite\" data-customize-animation=\"false\"><h4 class=\"bu_collapsible\" aria-expanded=\"false\"tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\">Research Progress<\/h4><div class=\"bu_collapsible_section\" style=\"display: none;\"><\/p>\n<p>So far, the research team has:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Developed opensource tools that estimate both operational and embodied carbon emissions, helping identify environmental hotspots and inform strategies for mitigation. These tools also enable evaluation of real-time, region-aware workload management approaches, aiming to align AI computation with cleaner, more resilient energy systems. Ongoing work extends these methods to U.S.-based data centers, integrating signals from electricity markets to balance emissions, energy costs, and grid stability. This systems-level approach supports more intelligent and adaptive deployment of AI workloads.<\/li>\n<li>In parallel, the project has examined the carbon accounting practices of major technology firms, revealing the limitations of current self-reported sustainability claims.<\/li>\n<li>The project has also engaged key national and global audiences, including at the National Science Foundation\u2019s Workshop on Sustainable Computing for Sustainability in Washington, D.C., and the Design Automation and Test in Europe Conference in Valencia, Spain.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\" bu-callout aligncenter\"><br \/>\n<h2 class=\"display-posts-title\">Journal Articles<\/h2>\n<div class=\"display-posts-listing\"><div class=\"listing-item\"><a class=\"image\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/iscience\/fulltext\/S2589-0042(25)01966-2\"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"\/igs\/files\/2024\/03\/43-150x150.jpg\" class=\"attachment-thumbnail size-thumbnail wp-post-image\" alt=\"Data center\" loading=\"lazy\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2024\/03\/43-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2024\/03\/43-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2024\/03\/43-100x100.jpg 100w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/files\/2024\/03\/43.jpg 500w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 150px) 100vw, 150px\" \/><\/a> <a class=\"title\" href=\"https:\/\/www.cell.com\/iscience\/fulltext\/S2589-0042(25)01966-2\">Why Transparency Matters for Sustainable Data Centers and Carbon-Neutral Artificial Intelligence (AI)<\/a> <span class=\"date\">(10\/30\/2025)<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/p>\n<p>Data centers could consume 9% of global electricity demand by 2030. In this <em>iScience<\/em> Perspective, L2D researchers outline a 10-year roadmap to steer academia, industry, and policymakers toward a more transparent and sustainable AI ecosystem. They explore how greater clarity and openness would benefit center stakeholders (including researchers, operators, and users), and global energy, climate, and sustainability goals at large.<\/p>\n<p><\/div>\n<hr \/>\n<h3>BU Project Leaders<\/h3>\n\n\t<ul class=\"profile-listing profile-format-advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<li class=\"profile-item profile-item-advanced has-title post-13301 profile type-profile status-publish hentry igs-affiliation-core igs-affiliation-faculty\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/profile\/ayse-coskun\/\" class=\"profile-link profile-link-advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"profile-photo profile-photo-advanced\"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"\/igs\/files\/2022\/09\/Screenshot-2024-04-02-at-11.50.42\u202fAM-300x300.png\" alt=\"Headshot of Ayse Coskun\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"profile-name profile-name-advanced\">Ayse Coskun<\/h6>\n\t\t<p class=\"profile-title profile-title-advanced\">Core Faculty, IGS;<br \/>\r\nProfessor, Electrical &#038; Computer Engineering and Interim Associate Dean of Research and Faculty Development, College of Engineering; Director, Center for Information and Systems Engineering<\/p>\t<\/a>\n\n\t\n<\/li>\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<li class=\"profile-item profile-item-advanced has-title post-10588 profile type-profile status-publish hentry igs-affiliation-executive-leadership igs-affiliation-faculty igs-affiliation-leadership\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/profile\/benjamin-sovacool\/\" class=\"profile-link profile-link-advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"profile-photo profile-photo-advanced\"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"\/igs\/files\/2022\/01\/Benjamin-Sovacool_thumb-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Headshot of Benjamin Sovacool\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"profile-name profile-name-advanced\">Benjamin Sovacool<\/h6>\n\t\t<p class=\"profile-title profile-title-advanced\">Director, IGS; <br \/>\r\nProfessor, Earth &#038; Environment, College of Arts &#038; Sciences<\/p>\t<\/a>\n\n\t\n<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\n<h3>Team Members<\/h3>\n\n\t<ul class=\"profile-listing profile-format-advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\n<li class=\"profile-item profile-item-advanced has-title post-18343 profile type-profile status-publish hentry igs-affiliation-administrative-research igs-affiliation-staff\">\n\t<a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/profile\/can-hankendi\/\" class=\"profile-link profile-link-advanced\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<figure class=\"profile-photo profile-photo-advanced\"><img width=\"150\" height=\"150\" src=\"\/igs\/files\/2024\/08\/Untitled-design-2-300x300.jpg\" alt=\"Headshot of Can Hankendi\" \/><\/figure>\t\t\t\t<h6 class=\"profile-name profile-name-advanced\">Can Hankendi<\/h6>\n\t\t<p class=\"profile-title profile-title-advanced\">Postdoctoral Associate, IGS<\/p>\t<\/a>\n\n\t\n<\/li>\n\t\t\t<\/ul>\n\t\n<a href='https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/research\/projects\/' class='button button-primary'>View all projects<\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Making data centers more sustainable. Norway&#8217;s ambition to be a global digital infrastructure hub has led to a surge in energy demand, supercharged by AI&#8217;s rapid growth \u2014 raising critical questions about the benefits and challenges of digitalization. Backed by the Research Council of Norway, the Limits to Digitalization (L2D) project looks at data center [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15764,"featured_media":0,"parent":31,"menu_order":7,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19987"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/15764"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=19987"}],"version-history":[{"count":50,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19987\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24047,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/19987\/revisions\/24047"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/31"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/igs\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=19987"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}