Predicting projectile trajectories

 

Subject Area

 mechanics, projectile motion
Age or Grade

10th grade, 2nd year physics class
Estimated Length

60-120 min 
Prerequisite knowledge/skills

 kinematics of projectile motion, maybe solve quadratic equations
Description of New Content

calculate the distance of an actual projectile and test prediction  
Goals

apply knowledge about projectile motion, see physics laws actually work 
Materials Needed


"canon ball" launcher with variable shooting angles and velocities. We had a spring powered marble launcher from Cambridge? available. The initial projectile speed was measured before the lesson 

Procedure

 

 

 

The students were grouped in pairs and each pair was given an initial velocity and launch angle. The were supposed to calculate the maximum distance of a projectile trajectory starting with these values. They could then test the predictions with the marble launcher by positioning a sand filled box in the appropriate distance. The grade was supposed to be determined by the accuracy of their prediction.

Although the effects of air resistance were negligible over the short distances used, one has to make sure that especially the launch velocitiy can be reliably reproduced. Our setup showed slight variations in the launching speed leading sometimes to large discrepancies between students predictions and actual experiment outcome. However many students predictions were right on the landing point. The negative case can be used to discuss the limits of the experimental setup and error analysis.
Extensions

 Mathematically a little bit more complex is the problem when launching and landing height are not equal. (have to solve quadratic equation) This can be assigned to students who fnish the first task quickly
References