{"id":2461,"date":"2014-05-13T16:23:30","date_gmt":"2014-05-13T21:23:30","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/?p=2461"},"modified":"2023-05-09T12:02:15","modified_gmt":"2023-05-09T16:02:15","slug":"crossing-the-ocean-by-feeling-for-the-bits-investor-state-arbitration-in-chinas-bilateral-investment-treaties","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/2014\/05\/13\/crossing-the-ocean-by-feeling-for-the-bits-investor-state-arbitration-in-chinas-bilateral-investment-treaties\/","title":{"rendered":"Crossing the Ocean By Feeling For the BITs: Investor-State Arbitration in China\u2019s Bilateral Investment Treaties"},"content":{"rendered":"<figure id=\"attachment24263\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment24263\" style=\"width: 646px\" class=\"wp-caption alignnone\"><img loading=\"lazy\" src=\"\/gdp\/files\/2014\/05\/matias-ilizarbe-nAVjCHTwKiw-unsplash-636x357.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"636\" height=\"357\" class=\"size-medium wp-image-24263\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/files\/2014\/05\/matias-ilizarbe-nAVjCHTwKiw-unsplash-636x357.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/files\/2014\/05\/matias-ilizarbe-nAVjCHTwKiw-unsplash-1024x575.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/files\/2014\/05\/matias-ilizarbe-nAVjCHTwKiw-unsplash-768x431.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/files\/2014\/05\/matias-ilizarbe-nAVjCHTwKiw-unsplash-1536x862.jpg 1536w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/files\/2014\/05\/matias-ilizarbe-nAVjCHTwKiw-unsplash.jpg 1920w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 636px) 100vw, 636px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment24263\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Lima, Peru. Photo by Matias Ilizarbe via Unsplash.<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In the 1970s, China began to sign bilateral investment treaties (BITs), but refused to grant foreign investors the right to sue their host government in international arbitration tribunals.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Few realize that China\u2019s treaty negotiations have in fact abandoned this restriction in almost every Chinese BIT signed since 1998, including those with Latin America. Scholars have suggested that China reversed its policy in order to support Chinese overseas investors or to fit its general economic liberalization strategy.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">However, China\u2019s BITs with Mexico, Peru and Colombia and its arbitration case with Peru contradict these theories.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">In a <\/span><a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/files\/2017\/07\/China%E2%80%99s-Bilateral-Investment-Treaties-Working-Paper.pdf\"><b><i>2014 working paper<\/i><\/b><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, Amos Irwin argues China began signing BITs to test the risks of granting open access to European countries and the United States for whom open access is a key condition.\u00a0<\/span><\/p>\n<h5><b>Main findings:\u00a0<\/b><b><\/b><\/h5>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China\u2019s most recent BITs and the Tza Yap Shum arbitration case with Peru show that China still opposes giving all its BIT partners access to arbitration.\u00a0<\/span><\/b><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Thus, their actions cannot be explained by the \u201cGoing Abroad\u201d strategy, pressure from the World Trade Organization (WTO) and developed countries, or China\u2019s general economic liberalization.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The Chinese government has accepted open arbitration but continues to oppose universal access while it is experimenting.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China chose to test open arbitration on small developing countries to study the risks of renegotiating European BITs and signing new ones with the US and Canada.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rather than avoiding universal access because of any one particular country, China is trying to reserve its right to deny open access in future BITs.\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China seeks to prevent international arbitration tribunals from establishing a precedent that would allow all of its BIT partners open access.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<ul>\n<li aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China has added new provisions to its latest treaties to restrict international arbitrators\u2019 room for interpretation of the same protections used in US BITs and make a US-China BIT more likely.\u00a0\u00a0<\/span><\/li>\n<li aria-level=\"2\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">China is attempting to maintain its \u201cbilateral sovereignty,\u201d or the right to share power with its partner countries without the interference of international tribunals.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Now, China faces better prospects of concluding a BIT with the US, but the US avoids BITs with capital-exporting countries to protect the sovereignty of its courts, and China is now a capital-exporter. The main obstacle to US-China BIT negotiations may no longer be the two nations\u2019 differences, but rather their similarities.<\/span><\/p>\n<a href=\"\/gdp\/files\/2017\/07\/China\u2019s-Bilateral-Investment-Treaties-Working-Paper.pdf\" class=\"button\">Read the Working Paper<\/a>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>In the 1970s, China began to sign bilateral investment treaties (BITs), but refused to grant foreign investors the right to sue their host government in international arbitration tribunals.\u00a0 Few realize that China\u2019s treaty negotiations have in fact abandoned this restriction in almost every Chinese BIT signed since 1998, including those with Latin America. Scholars have [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":10886,"featured_media":24263,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[1149,156,72,105,77,1152,76,30,110,111,61,62],"tags":[218,3617,2485,2486,3621,1759,2665,3618,3619,401,1782,3620,707],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2461"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/10886"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=2461"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2461\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":24266,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/2461\/revisions\/24266"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/24263"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=2461"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=2461"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/gdp\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=2461"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}