{"id":32727,"date":"2022-03-04T16:26:06","date_gmt":"2022-03-04T21:26:06","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/?post_type=bu-article&#038;p=32727"},"modified":"2022-03-28T15:20:14","modified_gmt":"2022-03-28T19:20:14","slug":"protecting-tribal-lands","status":"publish","type":"bu-article","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/articles\/protecting-tribal-lands\/","title":{"rendered":"Protecting Tribal Lands"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"has-drop-cap\">Within the Navajo Nation, on 27,000 square miles sprawling across Utah, New Mexico and Arizona, toxic waste from more than 500 abandoned uranium mines leaks dangerous radiation into water and homes. This legacy of the Cold War\u2019s nuclear arms race endangers the more than 250,000 people who live there, potentially causing kidney failure and lung and bone cancer.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In remote villages in Alaska, climate change threatens the health and livelihoods of tribal people who subsist off the land and water. With melting Arctic permafrost, tundra lakes that many tribes depend on for water are disappearing and sewer and water systems are endangered. Erosion has sped up and tribal food cellars as well as wetlands and other wildlife habitats have been damaged.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Wildfires and drought are ravaging tribal lands in California, throughout the Southwest and up into the Pacific Northwest. From coast to coast, tribes are navigating the impacts of climate change and pollution on habitats and ecosystems they depend on to survive\u2014much of it land that they have cultivated since being forced onto it many decades ago by the federal government.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"featured-text grey-background full-style center-align\">\n\t<div class=\"featured-text__container\">\n\n\t\t\t\t\t<p class=\"featured-text__subtitle\">Event: March 31, 2022 at 5:30 p.m.<\/p>\n\t\t\t\t\n\t\t<div class=\"featured-text__content\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<h2 class=\"featured-text__title\">Indigenous Perspectives on Sustainability and the arts<\/h2>\n\t\t\t\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"featured-text__description\"><p>JoAnn Chase and Ty Furman, managing director of the BU Arts Initiative, will talk about Indigenous perspectives on sustainability and the arts at the Howard Thurman Center for Common Ground. The event is part of <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/arts\/iva\/#:~:text=The%20BU%20Arts%20Initiative%20is,the%202021%2F2022%20academic%20year.\">BU\u2019s Indigenous Voices in the Americas series<\/a> and is sponsored by the BU Arts Initiative, BU Sustainability and the Howard Thurman Center for Common Ground. The event is free and open to the public; <a href=\"https:\/\/www.eventbrite.com\/e\/indigenous-perspectives-on-sustainability-and-the-arts-registration-237522655657\">register here<\/a>.\u00a0<\/p><\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>It is JoAnn Chase\u2019s job to support tribal people across the country as they navigate these health and environmental threats, many of them a legacy of the very government she works for.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Her job title is long\u2014senior advisor and director, American Indian Environmental Office in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/www.epa.gov\/aboutepa\/about-office-international-and-tribal-affairs-oita\">Office of International and Tribal Affairs<\/a>\u2014but what it comes down to is this: Chase (\u201985) builds bridges with leaders from 574 federally recognized tribes\u2014many with a deep mistrust of a federal government that forcibly removed them from ancestral land they revere as their mother\u2014and breaks down silos on their behalf within the vast bureaucracy of the federal government. Chase, who was appointed by President Joe Biden after holding the same job during former President Barack Obama\u2019s administration, advocates for the sovereignty of tribal nations, which have their own governments and a deep knowledge of the land, and works with them in building environmental programs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>The Boundary Walker<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase is one of a very few Native people in leadership roles within the EPA. A citizen of the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation\u2014and the daughter of hall of fame saddleback bronc rider <a href=\"https:\/\/www.northdakotacowboy.com\/joe-chase\">Joe Chase<\/a>\u2014she was born and raised on the Fort Berthold Reservation in North Dakota. The former executive director of the <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncai.org\/\">National Congress of American Indians<\/a>, the oldest and largest American Indian and Alaska Native advocacy organization, she has spent her entire career working for Indigenous rights, in the U.S., and globally.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThis is exactly what I\u2019ve been prepared for,\u201d Chase says. \u201cFor Native people, it\u2019s all integrated\u2014the air, the earth and my experience on it, how I am nurtured, how I nurture you\u2014and fundamental to that is the health and wellbeing of She who sustains us: the Earth. It\u2019s a bigger picture of injustice for me, too. The forces of oppression have naturally impacted the Earth and have often had disparate impact on the people in these spaces.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She ticks off contemporary examples: the uranium mines in Navajo nation; petroleum plant-dotted \u201ccancer alley,\u201d in Louisiana; the huge Superfund site, on tribal land in Oklahoma, that was mined for lead to make bullets during World War I and World War II. \u201cThere are, sadly, endless examples of this,\u201d she says. \u201cBut for me, it all comes back to caring for the Earth.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/spiritaligned.org\/our-people\/\">Gail Small<\/a>, who is a citizen of the Northern Cheyenne Tribe in Montana, and an attorney, has worked with Chase on tribal rights and environmental issues over many years. Under the Obama administration, Chase elevated tribal sovereignty, says Small. It is thanks to Chase\u2019s efforts, Small adds, that she and an Alaskan tribal leader, Sarah James, hold seats on the <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cec.org\/\">Commission for Environmental Cooperation (CEC)<\/a>, an international organization established by the United States, Canada and Mexico under the 1994 <a href=\"http:\/\/www.cec.org\/about\/agreement-on-environmental-cooperation\/\">North American Agreement on Environmental Cooperation (NAAEC)<\/a>\u2014giving them a voice in decisions that impact tribal lands across North America.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cJoAnn is a boundary walker,\u201d says Small. \u201cBoundary walkers carve out common ground within diverse populations. JoAnn is traversing boundaries among all the Indian nations, as well as with the general white audience, and with the federal, state, and often the international governments we work with. She\u2019s at the table doing her very best to assert sovereignty for Indian tribes and get our voices heard. It\u2019s a difficult job. Not many people would want to do it.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s Chase\u2019s job to educate people in Washington who have been taught little about tribal people and their rights. \u201cShe has to explain to every stakeholder why Indian tribes are at the table, why they should be at the table\u2014that they\u2019re here as federally recognized governments,\u201d Small says. Tribal governments are sovereign governments\u2014nations within a nation. \u201cIt\u2019s Indian Tribes 101. We all do it every day.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt\u2019s part of my job, but honestly it\u2019s part of my life,\u201d says Chase. \u201cOur history isn\u2019t taught in the school system. I feel a personal responsibility to educate people.\u201d And for Chase, storytelling is at the core of the work.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Telling Her People\u2019s Story<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase says she finds it gratifying to bring EPA officials to tribal lands and have them meet with tribal people. \u201cWe can debate policy papers and we can read books and we can look at great pictures,\u201d she says, \u201cbut there\u2019s nothing like visiting a tribal nation, being embraced by them and understanding some of the amazing work that they\u2019re doing.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She recalls a trip she made with a group of Obama-era EPA officials to the tiny Alaskan village of Kivalina, on the Bering Sea. \u201cThey were exposed to the challenges of the Alaska Native tribes, where a gallon of milk is 11 bucks,\u201d Chase says. \u201cNobody had ever thought about that. We saw the permafrost thawing, the magnitude of the environmental impact of the mines.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-teal-background-right\"><p>For Native people, it\u2019s all integrated\u2014the air, the earth and my experience on it, how I am nurtured, how I nurture you\u2014and fundamental to that is the health and wellbeing of She who sustains us: the Earth. It\u2019s a bigger picture of injustice for me, too. The forces of oppression have naturally impacted the Earth and have often had disparate impact on the people in these spaces.<\/p><cite>JoAnn Chase<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase takes it upon herself to connect the cultural dots. On the trip to Kivalina, that meant insisting her colleagues from Washington stick around for the lunch the tribal leaders had prepared for them, even though they were running late for a meeting with a group of mining executives.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI said, \u2018We\u2019re going to honor these folks who spent scarce resources to host us and we\u2019re going to engage with the community,\u2019\u201d Chase says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She advised the EPA officials that it was polite to at least taste the dishes they weren\u2019t familiar with\u2014whale and seal meat, and whale blubber with berries. \u201cThere was a transformative moment for some of my colleagues when an elderly man stood up and said, \u2018I\u2019ve never flushed a toilet in my entire life, but I want my children to flush a toilet, on tribal land.\u2019 And then he wept,\u201d Chase says. \u201cWe\u2019d walked around and seen the problems with solid waste disposal, but this gentleman provided the context.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>A Personal History<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>The history of devastation endured by her own tribal nation includes the 1953 flooding of their entire reservation by the Army Corps of Engineers. The massive Garrison Dam they built would, officials promised, provide hydroelectric power, flood control, recreation and irrigation for non-Native farmers further down the Missouri River.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>More than 90 percent of the tribe was relocated from the rich bottomland they\u2019d cultivated over many years and moved to the top of a plateau, says Small, who has talked with tribal members about the dam. \u201cIt was windy and cold and the ground was gumbo; you couldn\u2019t grow anything there. They [federal officials] didn\u2019t allow them time to remove the graves of their loved ones. There were bodies floating in the water. This was inflicted on JoAnn\u2019s family, in her dad\u2019s generation.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"1024\" height=\"818\" src=\"\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/comtalk-joann-chase-inside.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32781\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/comtalk-joann-chase-inside.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/comtalk-joann-chase-inside-636x508.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/comtalk-joann-chase-inside-768x614.jpg 768w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><figcaption>JoAnn Chase&#8217;s father, Joe, was a champion saddle bronc rodeo rider. Photo courtesy JoAnn Chase.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase\u2019s father and her grandmother lived in Elbowoods, which had been the center of reservation life before the flooding. They were both relocated to the plateau, Chase says. She also speaks of relatives who were forcibly shipped off to boarding schools, part of a federal policy to assimilate tribal people into white culture. \u201cIt\u2019s hard to talk about,\u201d says Chase. \u201cThere\u2019s so much pain there.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cYou have to reach in and find the joy,\u201d she says. She returns regularly to the reservation for powwows, to visit with her mother and other family members and to honor her father and her grandmother and the others who are gone. \u201cWe say we have seven generations of shoulders we stand on,\u201d she says. \u201cWe also have a responsibility to the next seven generations. If I couldn\u2019t find the joy, I wouldn\u2019t be honoring my past and fulfilling my obligation to the future.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>As a champion saddle bronc rodeo rider who won acclaim in the white cowboy world, Chase\u2019s father was also a boundary walker, says Small. Chase\u2019s mother, who is white and grew up in Connecticut, arrived at the reservation to teach school through the Vista program, and stayed.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cThe only phone was at the school,\u201d says Chase. \u201cMy Dad went to the school to use the phone to book his rodeo jobs. That\u2019s how they met. They fell in love.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>From Film School to Capitol Hill<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase came to COM to study film so she could become a documentary filmmaker. \u201cGrowing up, there were Hollywood films with these terrible stereotypes of the stoic Indian chief and the woman walking behind him,\u201d Chase says. \u201cI thought we should be telling our own stories.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A summer internship in Washington, D.C., in the office of Congressman Byron Dorgan (D-N.D.), sparked her interest in policy and she went on to work as a staff member for U.S. Representative Barbara Boxer (D-Calif.) after graduation. Though she still planned to pursue a career as a documentary filmmaker, she made a detour to the University of New Mexico Law School, after deciding a law degree would be helpful in any work she might do with Indigenous people.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>When it came time to deliver a talk on feminist jurisprudence, Chase wanted to bring the topic to life for her classmates. So she invited her friend <a href=\"https:\/\/www.joyharjo.com\/\">Joy Harjo<\/a>, who would later become the first Native American U.S. Poet Laureate, to kick off the event. \u201cShe gave a beautiful poetry reading,\u201d Chase says. \u201cSomehow I thought this powerful poetry of joy would help set the stage and show that it wasn\u2019t just a case, in black and white letters, in a casebook.\u201d Storytelling can move people and make a complicated issue accessible to a diverse audience, says Chase, in ways a speech or a policy paper may not.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<blockquote class=\"wp-block-quote is-style-teal-background-right\"><p>We\u2019re attempting to overcome 500 years of profound injustice. From the tribal perspective, we will continuously fall short.<\/p><cite>JoAnn Chase<\/cite><\/blockquote>\n\n\n\n<p>It\u2019s a strategy that Chase continues to use, often melding her passion for the arts\u2014poetry, theater, dance, music and especially the works of Indigenous artists\u2014with her work. She considers Buffy Sainte-Marie, the Indigenous Canadian-American singer, Oscar-winning composer, visual artist, teacher and activist, one of her most important role models, as well as a friend.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>After graduating from law school, Chase returned to Washington as an attorney with the U.S. Justice Department. It was a short-lived stint; she decided law wasn\u2019t for her. In 1994, she began her nine-year tenure as executive director of the National Congress of American Indians\u2014\u201cOne of the most politically charged jobs there is,\u201d says Small.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She went on to become a Next Generation Leadership fellow at the Rockefeller Foundation and did consulting work for nonprofits on issues related to Indigenous people. In 2010, a year into the Obama administration, she was recruited for the job she currently holds.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Under a new assistant administrator, Michelle DePass, the American Indian Environmental Office, which had been sidelined within the Office of Water, was elevated to the Office of International and Tribal Affairs. That put tribal nations at the same level within the EPA as foreign nations.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cJoAnn made it clear this isn\u2019t community building\u2014these are nations,\u201d says DePass, the past president of the Meyer Memorial Trust, a foundation that works on social justice issues. \u201cI wanted to hire her to prove we were serious. JoAnn knows how to work within the system and she knows how to change the system.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>For Chase, however, getting through the application process\u2014the job started out as an executive service position, though it was eventually converted to a political appointment\u2014posed some challenges.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase doesn\u2019t say \u201cI did this\u201d or \u201cI achieved that.\u201d She talks about \u201cwe\u201d and \u201cus\u201d and \u201cmy team.\u201d It\u2019s part of her culture.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>One of Chase\u2019s \u201caunties\u201d and mentors, Lydia Sage-Chase, who was inducted into the North Dakota Heritage Center and State Museum\u2019s <a href=\"https:\/\/statemuseum.nd.gov\/exhibits\/native-american-hall-of-honor\">Native American Hall of Fame<\/a> for her leadership in 2021, once explained that culture to a researcher: \u201cOne of our virtues is not to brag or boast on ourselves,\u201d she said. \u201dLet someone else brag about you.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>That mindset wasn\u2019t going to help Chase land the job at the EPA, however. In her first try at the personal essays required for the application, she sang the praises of her team at the National Congress of American Indians.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cI felt pretty good about what I wrote,\u201d Chase says. She shared it with the people who were coaching her through the process. \u201cThey said, \u2018Oh, no, this won\u2019t do.\u2019\u201d For her next draft, Chase was advised to make copious use of the pronoun \u201cI,\u201d and focus on what <em>she\u2019d<\/em> done.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u201cIt was devastating,\u201d she says. \u201cThere was no \u2018us.\u2019 It was completely counter to a values-based community system. I thought, \u2018How am I going to do this?\u2019\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\"><figure class=\"alignright size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" width=\"776\" height=\"776\" src=\"\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo.jpg\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-32988\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo.jpg 776w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-636x636.jpg 636w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-150x150.jpg 150w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-768x768.jpg 768w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-500x500.jpg 500w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-300x300.jpg 300w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-550x550.jpg 550w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-710x710.jpg 710w, https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/files\/2022\/03\/joanne-chase-abd-company-photo-100x100.jpg 100w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 776px) 100vw, 776px\" \/><figcaption>Chase (left) with singers Buffy Sainte-Marie (center) and Nona Hendryx (right). Photo: Courtesy JoAnne Chase.<\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n<p>To get into the mindset to rewrite the essay herself, she invented an alter ego\u2014a self-promoting upper middle class white man named Herman Smith. \u201cIt was so disingenuous. It really does take a village.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>If \u201cHerman Smith\u201d helped her find the right voice, it was JoAnn Chase who signed the application, and while she would have preferred not to take credit herself, the achievements she listed were all real. She got the job\u2014and immediately ditched her alter ego. \u201cI had to get in the door,\u201d she says. \u201cJoAnn Chase carried out the job.\u201d&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Even in Washington, nearly 2,000 miles from her childhood home in North Dakota, Chase tries to stay connected to the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation. Speaking on Zoom, she holds up her right arm, revealing a small tattoo, a contemporary rendering of a bear claw, above her wrist. \u201cI don\u2019t want to romanticize the bear, but my father\u2019s Indian name translates to bear necklace,\u201d she says. \u201cHis brother\u2019s name translates to bear rising.\u201d The tattoo reminds her of her tribal connection, she says.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase tells the story behind the tattoo. Early in her career in Washington, Chase was asked to testify during a hearing on environmental impacts on tribal homelands convened by the Senate Committee on Indian Affairs. She fielded questions from a Republican Senator who was widely viewed by tribal members as hostile to Indigenous rights.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The idea for the bear claw tattoo, as a form of psychic protection, and reminder of who she was, came to her after the hearing. \u201cI called my dad and asked for permission,\u201d she says. \u201cHe said I should talk to one of the tribal elders. His name was Fred. We called him together. Fred said, \u2018This came to you for a reason. It\u2019s your protection, it\u2019s your connection.\u2019\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>She got the tattoo.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3><strong>Full Circle<\/strong><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p>When President Donald Trump was elected, Chase moved to Manhattan, where she\u2019d long dreamed of living. She went back to consulting for nonprofits and immersed herself in the arts. A couple years ago, Chase, musical icon Nona Hendryx, and social justice innovator Makani Themba, started a nonprofit, <a href=\"https:\/\/sistersmatr.org\/\">SisterSMATR<\/a>, to help young women of color pursue careers in science, math, technology and the arts.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Then Chase was tapped by the Biden administration to take up her old job. For her second tour in the EPA, she knew what to expect. \u201cThe federal bureaucracy can give you migraines,\u201d she says. \u201cIt\u2019s a challenging place to be. We\u2019ll never move the needle as far as the tribes would like us to. We\u2019re attempting to overcome 500 years of profound injustice. From the tribal perspective, we will continuously fall short. I know and understand that.\u201d She says she pumps herself up for the work by listening to native drumming songs from the Mandaree Singers on her headphones.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>With the pandemic lifting, Chase says she\u2019s looking forward to getting the EPA Administrator, Michael Regan, out to visit tribal lands.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Chase has taken a long detour from film school, but when her time in Washington is done she hopes to return to her original dream: She\u2019d like to produce a documentary film about her parents and the life they created within the Mandan, Hidatsa and Arikara Nation in North Dakota.&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Within the Navajo Nation, on 27,000 square miles sprawling across Utah, New Mexico and Arizona, toxic waste from more than&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1654,"featured_media":32773,"template":"","meta":{"bu_prepress_billboard":"","_bu_prepress_primary_term":"","_bu_prepress_primary_term_manual":""},"categories":[962,1483,9],"tags":[1665,1666],"bu-publication":[],"discipline-type":[],"bu_edition":[],"media_type":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/32727"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/bu-article"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1654"}],"version-history":[{"count":15,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/32727\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":32995,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-article\/32727\/revisions\/32995"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/32773"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=32727"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=32727"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=32727"},{"taxonomy":"bu-publication","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu-publication?post=32727"},{"taxonomy":"discipline-type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/discipline-type?post=32727"},{"taxonomy":"bu_edition","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/bu_edition?post=32727"},{"taxonomy":"media_type","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media_type?post=32727"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}