{"id":628,"date":"2012-11-05T13:01:28","date_gmt":"2012-11-05T18:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/bwhs\/?page_id=628"},"modified":"2024-03-28T11:37:11","modified_gmt":"2024-03-28T15:37:11","slug":"2009-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/bwhs\/research\/publications\/2009-2\/","title":{"rendered":"2009"},"content":{"rendered":"

2009<\/h2>\n

Boggs DA, Wise LA, Rosenberg L, Adams-Campbell LL, Palmer JR. Fruit and vegetable intake in relation to risk of breast cancer in the Black Women's Health Study (abstract). In: Proceedings of the 100th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research. Denver, CO. 2009. Philadelphia: AACR, 2009: Abstract #64.<\/p>

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Fruits and vegetables are sources of many nutrients that may help protect against cancer.\u00a0 Results based on 1,268 new cases of breast cancer show that eating at least 2 vegetables per day was associated with significantly lower risk of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer compared with consumption of fewer than 4 vegetables per week.\u00a0 We also found evidence suggesting that certain types of vegetables, particularly cruciferous vegetables and carrots, are associated with lower risk of all types of breast cancer.<\/p>\n

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Coogan PF, White LF, Adler TJ, Hathaway KM, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Prospective study of urban form and physical activity in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2009;170(9):1105-17. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kwp264.<\/p>

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We obtained information on the \u201curban form\u201d (for example, amount of sidewalks, distance to public transportation) of neighborhoods of BWHS participants living in New York City, Chicago, and Los Angeles during 1995-2001 and studied whether urban form was related to the amount of walking (to work, shopping, and church) reported by these women. The neighborhood characteristic that was most associated with walking was the \u201cdensity\u201d of the neighborhood\u2014dense neighborhoods tend to have networks of sidewalks and to have public transportation that people can walk to. This information is important for city planners so that neighborhoods can be designed to encourage healthy activities such as walking. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Adams-Campbell LL, Rosenberg L. Family history of cancer and risk of breast cancer in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Cancer Causes Control 2009;20:1733-7. doi: 10.1007\/s10552-009-9425-9.<\/p>

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In 1995, and then again in 1999, BWHS participants reported information on the occurrence of various illnesses in their parents, sisters and brothers, and daughters and sons, including family history of breast cancer. Our analyses of BWHS data found that women who had a mother, sister, or daughter with breast cancer were almost two times as likely to develop breast cancer as women who had no relatives with breast cancer. The National Cancer Institute recommends a mammogram every year or two starting at age 40 and suggests that women with a family history of breast cancer consult with their doctors about earlier or more frequent screening. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Phillips GS, Wise LA, Rich-Edwards J, Stampfer M, Rosenberg L. Income incongruity, relative household income, and preterm birth in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Soc Sci Med 2009;68(12):2122-8. doi: 10.1016\/j.socscimed.2009.03.039.<\/p>

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It has been suggested that \u201crelative\u201d income (a person\u2019s income compared to that of similar people living in the same area or neighborhood) may be a better predictor of health outcomes than the actual amount of income. We studied relative income in relation to preterm birth in the BWHS and found no clear overall associations of measures of relative income with the occurrence of preterm birth. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Min C, Yu Z, Kirsch KH, Zhao Y, Vora SR, Trackman PC, Spicer DB, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Sonenshein GE. A loss-of-function polymorphism in the propeptide domain of the LOX gene and breast cancer. Cancer Res 2009;69(16):6685-93. doi: 10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-08-4818.<\/p>

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The LOX gene is involved in suppressing the growth of tumors. Using DNA from saliva samples provided by BWHS participants, we found that women with a particular genetic variant in the LOX gene had a higher risk of estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer than women who did not have that variant. These results suggest that reduced ability to inhibit tumor formation is involved in breast cancer development. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Agurs-Collins T, Rosenberg L, Makambi K, Palmer JR, Adams-Campbell L. Dietary patterns and breast cancer risk in women participating in the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90(3):621-8. doi: 10.3945\/ajcn.2009.27666.<\/p>

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We studied dietary patterns in relation to breast cancer risk using information on food intake that BWHS participants reported in 1995 and 2001, and breast cancer occurrences between 1995 and 2007. The \u201cprudent\u201d dietary pattern, characterized by greater intake of fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains, was associated with a lower risk of breast cancer, including estrogen receptor-negative breast cancer. The next step will be to determine which constituents of the prudent dietary pattern are most responsible for the reduction in risk. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Makambi KH, Williams CD, Taylor TR, Rosenberg L, Adams-Campbell LL. An assessment of the CES-D scale factor structure in Black women: the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Psychiatry Res 2009;168(2):163-70. doi: 10.1016\/j.psychres.2008.04.022.<\/p>

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To study the health effects of depression requires a valid measure of depressive symptoms.\u00a0In 1999 BWHS participants completed the CES-D scale, which is twenty questions about how often the person experienced certain feelings, such as feeling fearful.\u00a0Our analysis of BWHS data indicated that the scale is an appropriate measure of depressive symptoms among Black women. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Cozier YC, Wise LA, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Perceived racism in relation to weight change in the Black Women's Health Study. Ann Epidemiol 2009;19:379-87. doi: 10.1016\/j.annepidem.2009.01.008.<\/p>

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In an assessment of weight change between 1997 and 2005 among BWHS participants, we found that women who reported frequent experiences of racism gained more weight than women who reported that they rarely or never experienced racism.\u00a0These results suggest that experiences of racism may contribute to the occurrence of overweight and obesity among African American women. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Wise LA, Palmer JR, Rothman EF, Rosenberg L. Childhood abuse and early menarche: findings from the Black Women\u2019s Health Study. Am J Public Health 2009;99(Suppl. 2):S640-6. doi: 10.2105\/AJPH.2008.149005.<\/p>

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In the BWHS, approximately 50% of participants reported having been subjected to childhood abuse. We found that a higher proportion of women who reported sexual abuse during childhood started menstruating at an early age than women who reported no abuse. There was a weak association of age at start of menstruation with physical abuse during childhood. Because the age at which a girl’s periods start is a predictor of various health outcomes later in life, an effect of childhood abuse on the age of onset is important. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Coogan PF, Palmer JR, O'Connor G, Rosenberg L. Body mass index and asthma incidence in the Black Women's Health Study. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2009;123(1):89-95. doi: 10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.09.040.<\/p>

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Studies of white women suggest that obesity is associated with increased occurrence of new-onset asthma. We found this to be so in the BWHS as well. There were 1,068 women who reported newly-occurring asthma together with medications for asthma. The occurrence of asthma increased with as body mass index increased: the risk was 2.85 times greater among women with a body mass index of 40 than in women with a body mass index of 20-24, which is the recommended body mass index for good health. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Krishnan S, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR. Physical activity and television watching in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes: the Black Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2009;169(4):428-34. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kwn344.<\/p>

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Based on 2,928 newly-diagnosed cases of diabetes in the BWHS, we found that the incidence of the disease was reduced among women who participated in vigorous physical activity compared with inactive women, in agreement with many studies of white women. In addition, brisk walking was also associated with reduce risk of diabetes in the BWHS-this is good news because it may be possible for many women to fit brisk walking into a busy schedule. On the other hand, risk of diabetes was increased among women who spent five or more hours a day watching television, regardless of their physical activity. Women who do not wish to cut down on their TV viewing should consider limiting the snacks that often go along with TV watching. link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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