{"id":1705,"date":"2014-01-24T14:27:06","date_gmt":"2014-01-24T19:27:06","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/bwhs\/?page_id=1705"},"modified":"2026-04-08T10:52:15","modified_gmt":"2026-04-08T14:52:15","slug":"2012-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/bwhs\/research\/publications\/2012-2\/","title":{"rendered":"2012"},"content":{"rendered":"

Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA, Adams-Campbell LL, Rosenberg L. Individual and neighborhood socioeconomic status in relation to breast cancer incidence in African American women. Am J Epidemiol 2012;176(12):1141-6. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kws211.<\/p>

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Some studies have indicated that the incidence of breast cancer is higher among women with higher socioeconomic status and in geographic areas of higher socioeconomic status. Analyses of BWHS data indicated that those associations are artifacts, probably due to differences in reproductive factors, such as age at first birth, that are associated with the most common subtype of breast cancer, estrogen receptor positive cancer.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Wise LA, Ruiz-Narv\u00e1ez EA, Palmer JR, Cozier YC, Tandon A, Patterson N, Radin RG, Rosenberg L, Reich D. African ancestry and genetic risk for uterine leiomyomata. Am J Epidemiol 2012;176(12):1159-68. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kws276.<\/p>

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DNA from saliva samples provided by BWHS participants was genotyped to identify regions of the genome where the proportion of African or European ancestry was strikingly higher or lower than that seen elsewhere in the genome. This genotyping produced evidence that certain regions of chromosomes 2, 4 and 10 may be involved in the development of fibroids. \u00a0Further work is needed to specifically identify the genetic variants associated with risk, which probably differ across populations of differing ancestry.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Wise LA, Radin RG, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Association of intrauterine and early life factors with uterine leiomyomata in Black women. Ann Epidemiol 2012; 22(12):847-54. doi: 10.1016\/j.annepidem.2012.09.006.<\/p>

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Some studies have linked early life factors, such as whether a woman was breast fed or was born prematurely, to the incidence in adulthood of uterine fibroids (leiomyomata). \u00a0BWHS results suggest that intrauterine and other early life factors do not play a major role in the development of uterine fibroids.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Cozier YC, Ruiz-Narv\u00e1ez EA, McKinnon C, Berman J, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR. Fine-mapping in African Americans confirms the importance of the 10p12 and 10q22 loci to sarcoidosis. Genes Immun 2012;13(7):573-8. doi: 10:1038\/gene.2012.42.<\/p>

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DNA from saliva samples provided by BWHS participants was genotyped to identify genetic variants that might be associated with risk of sarcoidosis.\u00a0 The analyses confirmed that a chromosome 10p12 locus is associated with risk and narrowed the area in which the causal gene is located. Further work must be carried out to identify the exact genetic variants responsible for the association and their functions.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Cozier YC, Berman JS, Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA, Rosenberg L. Reproductive and hormonal factors in relation to incidence of sarcoidosis in U.S. Black women: the Black Women's Health Study. Am J Epidemiol 2012;176(7):635-41. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kws145.<\/p>

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Sarcoidosis occurs more frequently among African American women than in other population groups and the causes of the illness are largely unknown.\u00a0 The first study of whether factors related to reproduction might play a role was carried out using BWHS data. \u00a0Later age at first birth and later age at becoming menopausal were associated with reduced risk. These findings suggest a role for female hormones but they need to be confirmed in further studies.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Boynton-Jarrett R, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Wise LA. Child and adolescent abuse in relation to obesity in adulthood: the Black Women's Health Study. Pediatrics 2012;130(2):245-53. doi: 10.1542\/peds.2011-1554.<\/p>

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Sexual and physical abuse during childhood were associated with increased risk of overall obesity and central obesity during adulthood among BWHS participants.\u00a0 The association was weakened after \u201ccontrolling\u201d for health behaviors, reproductive history, and mental health during adulthood, which may have resulted in part from the abuse. These findings add to the increasing evidence that childhood abuse can lead to adult obesity and other adverse health outcomes.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Bosco JLF, Palmer JR, Boggs DA, Hatch EE, Rosenberg L. Cardiometabolic factors and breast cancer risk in U.S. Black women. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2012;134(3):1247-56. doi: 10.1007\/s10549-012-2131-4.<\/p>

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It has been suggested that \u201cmetabolic syndrome\u201d, which is associated with inflammation, \u00a0may be associated with increased risk of breast cancer. In an assessment of this possibility in the BWHS, women who had three or more markers of metabolic syndrome had a higher incidence of breast cancer than women who had no such markers (the markers were obesity, high blood pressure, diabetes, and high cholesterol levels). This finding supports the hypothesis that inflammation is involved in the occurrence of breast cancer.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Coogan PF, Wise LA, Cozier YC, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Lifecourse educational status in relation to weight gain in African American women. Ethn Dis 2012;22:198-206.<\/p>

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Children with lower socioeconomic status during childhood tend to gain more weight in adulthood than children from families with higher socioeconomic status. \u00a0In the BWHS, the risk of becoming obese in adulthood among participants who had graduated from college was the same for those who had high and low socioeconomic status in childhood, indicating that economic disadvantage during childhood can be counteracted by socioeconomic status in adulthood.\u00a0 <\/em>link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Radin RG, Rosenberg L, Palmer JR, Cozier YC, Kumanyika SK, Wise LA. Hypertension and risk of uterine leiomyomata in US Black women. Hum Reprod 2012;27(5):1504-9. doi: 10.1093\/humrep\/des046.<\/p>

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Some studies have found high blood pressure to be associated with increased risk of uterine fibroids (leiomyomata) but results are conflicting. \u00a0In the BWHS, the association of high blood pressure treated with medications to risk of fibroids differed according to how the fibroids had been diagnosed.\u00a0 These analyses suggest that observed associations of high blood pressure with fibroids reflect the types of medical care that women the received.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/strong><\/p>\n

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Zhang X, ..., Boggs DA, Palmer JR, et al. Carotenoid intakes and risk of breast cancer defined by estrogen receptor and progesterone receptor status: a pooled analysis of 18 prospective cohort studies. Am J Clin Nutr 2012;95(3):713-25. doi: 10.3945\/ajcn.111.014415.<\/p>

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This large collaborative analysis of data from 18 follow-up studies that included 33,380 breast cancer cases. The analysis assessed the relation of carotenoid intake from fruits and vegetables to the risk of breast cancer classified by estrogen and progesterone receptor status. \u00a0Intakes of alpha-carotene, beta carotene, and lutein\/zeaxanthin were associated with a reduced incidence of estrogen receptor negative breast cancer, but not of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. \u00a0link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Coogan PF, White LF, Jerrett M, Brook RD, Su JG, Seto E, Burnett R, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. Air pollution and incidence of hypertension and diabetes in Black women living in Los Angeles. Circulation 2012;125:767-72. doi: 10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.052753.<\/p>

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It is known that spikes in air pollution can increase risk of heart attacks, but whether chronic exposure to air pollution increases the risk of high blood pressure or diabetes is uncertain.\u00a0 We obtained air pollution data for Los Angeles and found that high levels of nitrogen oxides were associated with small increases in the incidence of both high blood pressure and diabetes in BWHS participants in that area. \u00a0\u00a0We are obtaining air pollution data for other areas of the country so that we can assess these relationships among all BWHS participants.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Wise LA, Palmer JR, Cozier YC, Rosenberg L. Hair relaxer use and risk of uterine leiomyomata in African American women. Am J Epidemiol 2012;175(5):432-40. doi: 10.1093\/aje\/kwr351.<\/p>

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Hair relaxer use is widespread and it should be demonstrated to be safe. \u00a0In the BWHS,\u00a0 long-term users had a slightly higher incidence of uterine fibroids (leiomyomata) than shorter-term users or nonusers.\u00a0 These results raise the hypothesis that hair relaxer use, or something associated with use, may be involved in the development of fibroids. Confirmation in other data , and investigation of factors that may account for the association, is needed.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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Coogan PF, White LF, Evans SR, Palmer JR, Rosenberg L. The influence of neighborhood socioeconomic status and walkability on TV viewing time. J Phys Act Health 2012;9:1074-9. doi: 2011-0051.<\/p>

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Sitting for many hours a day (sedentary behavior), such as watching T.V., has adverse effects on health. For example, sedentariness is associated with increased weight gain.\u00a0 In a BWHS analysis, whether a neighborhood was conducive to walking had little relationship to hours of T.V. viewing. However, T.V. viewing was lower in neighborhoods of higher socioeconomic status.\u00a0 link to online article<\/a><\/p>\n

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