/* -----[ WEBFONTS ]----- */

@font-face {
  font-family: "Benton-Sans";
  src: url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/Benton-Sans-Light/1d3e1be9-e2ca-44c3-b674-7228a7c97407-2.eot");
  src: url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/Benton-Sans-Light/1d3e1be9-e2ca-44c3-b674-7228a7c97407-2.eot?") format("embedded-opentype"),
       url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/Benton-Sans-Light/1d3e1be9-e2ca-44c3-b674-7228a7c97407-3.woff") format("woff"),
       url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/Benton-Sans-Light/1d3e1be9-e2ca-44c3-b674-7228a7c97407-1.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: 200;
}

@font-face {
  font-family: "BentonSansComp-Bold";
  src: url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/BentonSansComp-Bold/45b0ce09-9fae-45f1-8b3d-fdd995b91c6b-2.eot");
  src: url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/BentonSansComp-Bold/45b0ce09-9fae-45f1-8b3d-fdd995b91c6b-2.eot?") format("embedded-opentype"),
       url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/BentonSansComp-Bold/45b0ce09-9fae-45f1-8b3d-fdd995b91c6b-3.woff") format("woff"),
       url("http://www.bu.edu/cdn/fonts/BentonSansComp-Bold/45b0ce09-9fae-45f1-8b3d-fdd995b91c6b-1.ttf") format("truetype");
  font-style: normal;
  font-weight: bold;
}



/* -----[ GENERAL ]----- */

#wrapper {
	background-color: #000;
}

#wrapper > .container {
	display: none;
}

#wrapper > .container.js-transcript-open {
	display: block;
}

/* Hide everything until JS loads, then display */
.banner-container,
#comments_related_wrapper,
#footer {
	visibility: hidden;
}

.no-js .banner-container,
.no-js #comments_related_wrapper,
.no-js #footer {
	visibility: visible;
}



/* -----[ BANNER ]----- */

.banner-container {
	min-height: 665px;
	padding-bottom: 120px;
	padding-top: 120px;
	overflow: hidden;
	color: #fff;
	text-align: center;

	background-color: #1f7f57;
	background-image: -webkit-linear-gradient(left, #1f7f57, #17828a); /* Chrome 10-25, iOS 5+, Safari 5.1+ */
	background-image: linear-gradient(to right, #1f7f57, #17828a); /* Chrome 26, Firefox 16+, IE 10+, Opera */
	-webkit-box-sizing: border-box;
	   -moz-box-sizing: border-box;
	        box-sizing: border-box;
}

.banner-container * {
	-webkit-transition: all 0.5s;
	        transition: all 0.5s;
}

#banner-BackgroundImage {
	position: absolute;
	bottom: -1px;
	left: -1px;
	right: -1px;
	top: -1px;
	z-index: 0;
	background: url(images/header-bg.jpg) no-repeat center center;

	-webkit-background-size: cover;
	   -moz-background-size: cover;
	     -o-background-size: cover;
	        background-size: cover;
}

.js-videoOpen #banner-BackgroundImage {
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
}

#banner-Content {
	position: absolute;
	left: 50%;
	top: 50%;
	z-index: 15;

	-webkit-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
	   -moz-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
	    -ms-transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
	        transform: translateX(-50%) translateY(-50%);
}

#banner-Content * {
	position: relative;
	z-index: 12;

	-webkit-transition: all 0.5s, max-width 0s;
	        transition: all 0.5s, max-width 0s;
}

#banner-Content .responsive-video div,
#banner-Content .responsive-video embed,
#banner-Content .responsive-video object,
#banner-Content .responsive-video iframe {
	position: absolute;
}

#banner-Inner {
	margin-bottom: 20px;
	cursor: pointer;
}

#banner-ContentBox {
	height: 100%;
	margin-left: -90px;
	width: 176px; /* 180px - 2px border on either side */
	position: absolute;
	left: 50%;
	top: 0;
	z-index: 11;
	border: 2px solid #FFDE02;

	-webkit-transition: all 0.5s, color: 0.1s, background-color 0.1s;
	        transition: all 0.5s, color: 0.1s, background-color 0.1s;
}

.js-videoOpenDone #banner-ContentBox {
	border-color: transparent;
}

.lt-ie9 .banner-container {
	height: 935px !important;
	overflow: hidden;
}

.lt-ie9 #banner-Content {
	height: 656px;
	margin-left: -450px;
	margin-top: -328px;
	width: 900px;
}

.lt-ie9 .responsive-video div, .lt-ie8 .responsive-video embed, .lt-ie8 .responsive-video object, .lt-ie9 .responsive-video iframe {
	height: 600px !important;
	width: 900px !important;
}



/* -----[ BANNER - TEXT ]----- */

#banner-Content .hed {
	margin-bottom: 42px;
	font-family: 'Benton-Sans', sans-serif;
	font-size: 18px;
	line-height: 1.333;
}

#banner-Content .hed .hed-Smallest {
	display: block;
	margin: 0 auto;
	max-width: 140px;
	padding-top: 15px;
	font-weight: normal;
}

#banner-Content .hed .hed-Bigger {
	display: block;
	margin-bottom: -15px;
	margin-top: 72px;
	font-size: 26px;
	line-height: 1;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

#banner-Content .hed .hed-Biggest {
	display: block;
	font-family: 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	font-size: 188px;
	line-height: 1;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

#banner-Content .dek {
	margin: 0 auto;
	max-width: 460px;
	font-family: "Georgia", serif;
	font-size: 18px;
	font-weight: normal;
	line-height: 1.667;

	-webkit-transition: all 0s, opacity 0.3s;
	        transition: all 0s, opacity 0.3s;
}

#banner-Content .byline {
	margin-top: 24px;
	font: bold 12px/1.2 'Benton-Sans', sans-serif;
	letter-spacing: 0.1em;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}



/* -----[ BANNER - BUTTONS ]----- */

#banner-VideoPlayButton {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-bottom: 15px;
	padding-bottom: 58px;
	color: #FFDE02;
	font-family: 'Benton-Sans', sans-serif;
	font-size: 18px;
	font-weight: bold;
	line-height: 1;
	text-decoration: none;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

#banner-Content #banner-VideoPlayButton,
#banner-Content #banner-VideoPlayButton .text-wrapper {
	-webkit-transition: all 0s, opacity 0.3s;
	        transition: all 0s, opacity 0.3s;
}

#banner-VideoPlayButton:after {
	content: '';
	display: block;
	height: 48px;
	margin-left: -24px;
	width: 48px;
	position: absolute;
	left: 50%;
	bottom: 0;
	background: url(images/play-btn.png) no-repeat 0 0;
}

#banner-Inner:hover #banner-ContentBox {
	background-color: #ffde02;
}

.js-videoOpen #banner-Inner:hover #banner-ContentBox {
	background-color: transparent;
}

#banner-Inner:hover #banner-VideoPlayButton {
	color: #000;
}

#banner-Inner:hover #banner-VideoPlayButton:after {
	background-position: 0 -48px;
}

#banner-StateSwitcher {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-left: -90px;
	padding: 7px 21px 6px;
	width: 134px;
	position: absolute;
	bottom: 12px;
	left: 50%;
	z-index: 16;
	border: 2px solid #FFDE02;
	color: #FFDE02;
	font-family: 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	font-size: 20px;
	line-height: 1;
	text-decoration: none;
	text-transform: uppercase;

	-webkit-transition: all 0s, color 0.3s, background-color 0.3s;
	        transition: all 0s, color 0.3s, background-color 0.3s;
}

#banner-StateSwitcher:hover {
	background-color: #ffde02;
	color: #000;
}

#banner-StateSwitcher.js-transcript-open {
	margin-left: 0;
	padding-left: 0;
	padding-right: 0;
	width: 100%;
	position: fixed;
	bottom: auto;
	left: 0;
	top: 0;
	z-index: 100;
	background-color: #ffde02;
	color: #000;
}

.has-wpadmin-bar #banner-StateSwitcher.js-transcript-open {
	top: 28px;
}

.js-banner-in-view #banner-StateSwitcher.js-transcript-open {
	opacity: 0;
	visibility: hidden;
}

#banner-VideoCloseBtn {
	display: inline-block;
	padding: 8px 8px 7px 24px;
	position: absolute;
	right: -2px;
	top: -50px;
	border: 2px solid #fff;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
	visibility: hidden;
	color: #fff;
	font: 15px/1 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	text-decoration: none;
	text-transform: uppercase;

	-webkit-transition: all 0s, opacity 0.5s, color 0s, background-color 0s;
	        transition: all 0s, opacity 0.5s, color 0s, background-color 0s;
}

#banner-VideoCloseBtn:after {
	content: '';
	display: block;
	height: 12px;
	width: 12px;
	position: absolute;
	left: 9px;
	top: 9px;
	background: url(images/close-x-icon.png);
}

#banner-VideoCloseBtn:hover {
	background-color: #fff;
	color: #000;
}

#banner-VideoCloseBtn:hover:after {
	background-position: 0 -12px;
}

@media (-webkit-min-device-pixel-ratio: 1.5), (min-resolution: 144dpi){ 
	#banner-VideoPlayButton:after {
		background-image: url(images/play-btn@2x.png);

		-webkit-background-size: 48px 96px;
		   -moz-background-size: 48px 96px;
		     -o-background-size: 48px 96px;
		        background-size: 48px 96px;
	}
	
	#banner-VideoCloseBtn:after {
		background-image: url(images/close-x-icon@2x.png);

		-webkit-background-size: 12px 24px;
		   -moz-background-size: 12px 24px;
		     -o-background-size: 12px 24px;
		        background-size: 12px 24px;
	}
}



/* -----[ BANNER - VIDEO ANIMATE-IN ]----- */

.js-videoOpen #banner-Content .hed,
.js-videoOpen #banner-Content .dek,
.js-videoOpen #banner-Content .byline,
.js-videoOpen #banner-StateSwitcher,
.js-videoOpen #banner-VideoPlayButton {
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
}

.js-videoOpenDone #banner-Content .hed,
.js-videoOpenDone #banner-Content .dek,
.js-videoOpenDone #banner-Content .byline,
.js-videoOpenDone #banner-StateSwitcher,
.js-videoOpenDone #banner-VideoPlayButton {
	visibility: hidden;
}

.js-videoOpen #banner-VideoCloseBtn {
	visibility: visible;
}

.js-videoOpenDone #banner-VideoCloseBtn {
	filter: alpha(opacity=100);
	opacity: 1;
}



/* -----[ BANNER - TOPICS ]----- */

#banner-TopicsWrapper {
	width: 100%;
	position: absolute;
	left: 0;
	bottom: 40px;
	z-index: 20;
	filter: alpha(opacity=0);
	opacity: 0;
	visibility: hidden;

	-webkit-transform: translateY(100%);
	   -moz-transform: translateY(100%);
	    -ms-transform: translateY(100%);
	        transform: translateY(100%);
}

#banner-Topics {
	margin: 0 auto;
	max-width: 940px;
	padding: 0 20px;
}

#banner-Topics,
#banner-Topics * {
	-webkit-transition: all 0;
	        transition: all 0;
}

.js-videoOpen #banner-TopicsWrapper {
	visibility: visible;
}

.js-videoOpenDone #banner-TopicsWrapper {
	filter: alpha(opacity=100);
	opacity: 100;

	-webkit-transform: translateY(0);
	   -moz-transform: translateY(0);
	    -ms-transform: translateY(0);
	        transform: translateY(0);	
}

#banner-TopicsHeader {
	font: 18px/1 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

#banner-TopicsList {
	float: left;
	margin: 0;
	width: 50%;
	list-style: none;
}

.banner-TopicsItem {
	display: table;
	margin-bottom: 5px;
	font: 14px/1 'Benton-Sans', sans-serif;
	text-align: left;
}

.banner-TopicsItem a {
	color: #fff;
	text-decoration: none;
}

.banner-TopicsItem .timecode,
.banner-TopicsItem .vid-chapter-title {
	display: table-cell;
	padding: 10px 20px 9px 10px;
	vertical-align: top;
}

.banner-TopicsItem .timecode {
	padding-left: 10px;
	padding-right: 10px;
	width: 45px;
	background-color: rgba(255, 255, 255, .1);
	font-weight: bold;
	text-align: center;
}

.no-rgba banner-TopicsItem .timecode {
	background-color: #328D7F;
}



/* -----[ CONTENT ]----- */

.article-feature .island {
	width: 620px;
}

.article-feature .author-description {
	width: 620px;
}



/* -----[ CONTENT - PEOPLE LIST ]----- */

#people-List,
#lede {
	margin-left: -160px;
	margin-right: -160px;
}

#people-List {
	height: 80px;
	margin-bottom: 173px;
	margin-top: 167px;
	width: auto;
	list-style: none;
}

.people-Person {
	float: left;
	width: 33.33333%;
	position: relative;
	font: 18px/1.333 'Georgia', serif;
	text-align: center;
}

.people-Person:before {
	content: '';
	display: block;
	height: 286px;
	margin-left: -90px;
	margin-top: -177px;
	width: 172px;
	position: absolute;
	left: 50%;
	top: 50%;
	z-index: 30;
	border: 4px solid #fff;
}

	.people-Person.lack:before { border-color: #01DCFF; }
	.people-Person.carr:before { border-color: #FFDE02; }
	.people-Person.fiedler:before { border-color: #17D580; }

.people-Person h3,
.people-Person .title {
	position: relative;
	z-index: 35;
}

.people-Person h3 {
	margin-bottom: 12px;
	font: 48px/1 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

.people-Person .title {
	display: block;
	margin: 0 auto;
	max-width: 160px;
}



/* -----[ CONTENT - LEDE ]----- */

#lede {
	display: table;
	margin-bottom: 80px;
	padding: 66px 0;
	position: relative;
}

#lede:before,
#lede:after {
	content: '';
	display: block;
	height: 6px;
	margin-left: -70px;
	width: 140px;
	position: absolute;
	left: 50%;
	background-color: #000;
}

	#lede:before { top: 0; }
	#lede:after { bottom: 0; }

.lede-Col {
	display: table-cell;
	max-width: 300px;
	width: 33.33333%;
}

.lede-Col.column-1 { padding-right: 10px; }
.lede-Col.column-2 { padding-left: 10px; padding-right: 10px; }
.lede-Col.column-3 { padding-left: 10px; }

.lede-Col strong {
	font-family: 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	font-size: 30px;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

/* -----[ CONTENT - INTERVIEW ]----- */

.interview.question {
	color: #666;
	font-size: 17px;
	font-weight: normal;
}

.interview.question,
.interview.answer {
	margin-bottom: 30px;
}

.interview.answer .answer-name,
.interview.question .asker-name {
	display: inline-block;
	float: left;
	margin-right: 4px;
	padding: 2px 4px 1px;
	color: #000;
	font-family: 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}

	.interview.answer.fiedler .answer-name,
	.interview.question.fiedler .asker-name { background-color: #17D580; }
	.interview.answer.lack .answer-name,
	.interview.question.lack .asker-name { background-color: #01DCFF; }
	.interview.answer.carr .answer-name,
	.interview.question.carr .asker-name { background-color: #FFDE02; }

.interview.answer .answer-name {
	position: relative;
	top: 3px;
}

/* -----[ CONTENT - PULLQUOTE ]----- */

.island .pullquote {
	float: none;
	margin-left: -160px;
	margin-right: -160px;
	margin-bottom: 137px;
	margin-top: 137px;
	padding-left: 0;
	width: auto;
	position: relative;
	border: 0;
	font: 200 36px/1.333 'Benton-Sans', sans-serif;
	text-align: center;
}

.island .pullquote i {
	white-space: nowrap; /* prevents publicatons names from wrapping */
}

.island .pullquote:before {
	content: '';
	display: block;
	margin-left: -90px;
	width: 172px;
	position: absolute;
	bottom: -80px;
	left: 50%;
	top: -80px;
	z-index: 30;
	border: 4px solid #01DCFF;
}

	.island .pullquote.lack:before { border-color: #01DCFF; }
	.island .pullquote.carr:before { border-color: #FFDE02; }
	.island .pullquote.fiedler:before { border-color: #17D580; }

.pullquote-Text {
	display: block;
	position: relative;
	z-index: 35;
}

.pullquote-Citation {
	display: inline-block;
	margin-bottom: 0;
	margin-left: -65px;
	width: 130px;
	position: absolute;
	bottom: -40px;
	left: 50%;
	font: 18px/1 'BentonSansComp-Bold', sans-serif;
	text-transform: uppercase;
}




/* -----[ MEDIA QUERIES ]----- */

@media (max-width: 980px) {
	#people-List,
	#lede,
	.island .pullquote {
		margin-left: -80px;
		margin-right: -80px;
	}

	/* -----[ CONTENT - PEOPLE LIST ]----- */

	.people-Person h3 {
		font-size: 42px;
	}

	/* -----[ CONTENT - LEDE ]----- */

	#lede {
		display: block;
	}
	
	.lede-Col {
		display: inline;
		max-width: none;
		width: auto;
	}
	
	.lede-Col.column-1 { padding-right: 0; }
	.lede-Col.column-2 { padding-left: 0; padding-right: 0; }
	.lede-Col.column-3 { padding-left: 0; }
}

@media (max-width: 820px) {
	/* -----[ BANNER ]----- */

	.banner-container {
		min-height: 0;
	}

	/* -----[ BANNER - TEXT ]----- */

	#banner-Content .hed .hed-Bigger {
		margin-bottom: -8px;
		font-size: 22px;
	}

	#banner-Content .hed .hed-Biggest {
		font-size: 130px;
	}

	/* -----[ CONTENT - PEOPLE LIST ]----- */

	#people-List,
	#lede,
	.island .pullquote {
		margin-left: 0;
		margin-right: 0;
	}

	#people-List {
		height: auto;
		margin-bottom: -62px;
		margin-top: 0;
	}

	.people-Person {
		float: none;
		margin-top: 0;
		margin-bottom: 130px;
		width: 100%;
		font-size: 14px;
	}
	
		.people-Person:first-child {
			margin-top: 72px;
		}

	.people-Person:before {
		height: 172px;
		margin-top: -107px;
	}

	.people-Person .title {
		max-width: 120px;
	}
}

@media (max-width: 660px) {
	#wrapper > .container {
		display: block;
	}

	.article-feature .island {
		width: 100%;
	}

	/* -----[ BANNER ]----- */

	.banner-container {
		padding-bottom: 0;
		padding-top: 20px;
	}

	.banner-container.js-VideoOpen {
		height: 
	}

	#banner-Content {
		position: static;
		left: auto;
		top: auto;

		-webkit-transform: translateX(0) translateY(0);
		   -moz-transform: translateX(0) translateY(0);
		    -ms-transform: translateX(0) translateY(0);
		        transform: translateX(0) translateY(0);
	}

	#banner-Inner {
		margin-bottom: 74px;
		padding-bottom: 44px;
	}

	/* -----[ BANNER - TEXT ]----- */

	#banner-Content .hed {
		margin-bottom: 0;
	}

	#banner-Content .hed .hed-Bigger {
		margin-bottom: -4px;
		margin-top: 60px;
		font-size: 18px;
	}

	#banner-Content .hed .hed-Biggest {
		font-size: 90px;
	}

	#banner-Content .dek {
		max-width: none;
		padding: 40px 20px 19px;
		background-color: #000;
		color: #01DCFF;
		font-size: 16px;
	}

	#banner-Content .byline {
		margin: 0;
		padding-bottom: 39px;
		background-color: #000;
		font-size: 10px;
	}

	/* -----[ BANNER - BUTTONS ]----- */

	#banner-VideoPlayButton {
		height: 16px;
		margin-bottom: 0;
		padding: 17px 0 15px;
		width: 100%;
		position: absolute;
		bottom: -74px; /* 70px for video play button; extra 4px allows for border */
		left: 0;
		background-color: #FFDE02;
		color: #000;
		font-size: 16px;
	}
	
	#banner-VideoPlayButton .text-wrapper {
		position: relative;
		left: 24px;
	}
	
	#banner-Inner:hover #banner-ContentBox {
		background-color: transparent;
	}
	
	#banner-VideoPlayButton:after,
	#banner-Inner:hover #banner-VideoPlayButton:after {
		height: 36px;
		margin-left: -74px;
		width: 36px;
		bottom: 6px;
		background: url(images/play-btn-mobile.png) no-repeat 0 0;
	}

	#banner-VideoCloseBtn {
		padding: 13px 13px 12px;
		left: -22px;
		right: -22px;
		top: -67px;
		background-color: #FFDE02;
		border: 0;
		color: #000;
	}

	#banner-VideoCloseBtn:after {
		margin-left: -55px;
		left: 50%;
		top: 14px;
		background-position: 0 -12px;
	}

	#banner-StateSwitcher {
		display: none;
	}

	/* -----[ BANNER - TOPICS ]----- */
	
	#banner-TopicsList {
		float: none;
		width: auto;
	}

	/* -----[ CONTENT ]----- */

	.article-feature .author-description {
		width: auto;
	}

	/* -----[ CONTENT - PEOPLE LIST ]----- */

	.people-Person:before {
		margin-left: -70px;
		width: 132px;
	}

	/* -----[ CONTENT - PULLQUOTE ]----- */

	.island .pullquote {
		margin-bottom: 77px;
		margin-top: 77px;
		font-size: 22px;
	}

	.island .pullquote:before {
		margin-left: -70px;
		width: 132px;
		bottom: -40px;
		top: -40px;
	}

	.pullquote-Citation {
		bottom: -20px;
	}
}

@media (max-width: 500px) {
	/* -----[ BANNER - TEXT ]----- */

	#banner-Content .hed .hed-Biggest {
		font-size: 72px;
	}
}





/* --------------------------------- */
/* ----------[ INTERFACE ]---------- */
/* --------------------------------- */

#primary #masthead {
	background-color: #000;
	background-image: none;
}

#primary #masthead h1 a {
	background-position: 0 13px;
}

#primary #masthead h2 a {
	color: #fff;
}

#primary .square-link {
	background-color: transparent;
	color: #404143;
}

#comments_related_wrapper { background: #edf8ee; }
ul.commentlist li.depth-1 > article { border: 4px solid #d9f0de; }

a, .article-meta-footer .article-meta .meta-share a { color:#1a878a; }

.article-meta .meta-tags a { background: #1a878a; border: 1px solid #117174; }

button, input.button, input[type="button"], input[type="submit"], .button, .navigation span a { background-color:#1a878a;border-bottom: 3px solid rgba(0,0,0,.25); color: #fff;}
button:hover,input.button:hover,input[type=button]:hover,input[type=submit]:hover,.button:hover,.navigation span a:hover,button:focus,input.button:focus,input[type=button]:focus,input[type=submit]:focus,.button:focus,.navigation span a:focus{background-color:#2591a1;}

@media (max-width: 741px) {
	#primary #masthead h1 a { background-position: 0 -255px; }
}