{"id":123,"date":"2015-11-01T10:24:00","date_gmt":"2015-11-01T14:24:00","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jaydub.cms-devl.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/2015\/01\/01\/duration-of-cocaine-use-is-associated-with-a-small-increase-in-the-odds-of-depression-among-african-americans-with-hiv\/"},"modified":"2017-01-31T11:44:48","modified_gmt":"2017-01-31T16:44:48","slug":"duration-of-cocaine-use-is-associated-with-a-small-increase-in-the-odds-of-depression-among-african-americans-with-hiv","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/2015\/11\/01\/duration-of-cocaine-use-is-associated-with-a-small-increase-in-the-odds-of-depression-among-african-americans-with-hiv\/","title":{"rendered":"Duration of Cocaine Use  Is Associated with a Small Increase in the Odds of Depression Among African Americans  with HIV"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"research-summary-body\">\n                    <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name=\"contents\" --><\/p>\n<p>Both  depression and cocaine use are common in individuals with HIV, and are  associated with worse HIV outcomes. This study investigated the relationship  between cocaine use and depression among 447 African Americans with HIV receiving  antiretroviral therapy (ART). This was a sub-study of a larger prospective  cohort study on subclinical atherosclerotic disease in African Americans with  HIV (2003\u20132012) that excluded individuals with known atherosclerosis or renal  impairment.<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The  prevalence of depression was 41% and prevalence of chronic cocaine use* was  74%.<\/li>\n<li>Cross-sectional  analyses revealed that duration of cocaine use was associated with a small  increase in the odds of depression\u2014compared with no cocaine use\u2014when adjusted  for sex, years of HIV infection, and receipt of protease inhibitor (adjusted  odds ratio [aOR], 1.02). <\/li>\n<li>In  univariate analyses, there was no association found between other substance use  (alcohol, tobacco, or other substances) and depression.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><!-- InstanceEndEditable --><\/p>\n<div class=\"research-summary-footnotes-1\">\n\t\t\t\t  <!-- InstanceBeginEditable name=\"footnotes-1\" --><\/p>\n<p>* Defined as use \u22654 times in a month  for \u22656 months. <\/p>\n<p>\t\t\t\t  <!-- InstanceEndEditable --> <\/div>\n<h2 class=\"research-summary-comments\">Comments:<\/h2>\n<p>\t\t\t\t\t<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name=\"comments\" -->This study raises  important questions about the relationship between the duration of cocaine use  and depression, and suggested a small association between the two about which  clinicians caring for HIV-infected patients should be aware. Major depression  was identified on chart review of psychiatrist notes rather than patient  self-report of symptoms, so it is unclear whether patients being treated for  (perhaps less severe) depression by their primary care providers would have  been included. Cross-sectional studies cannot determine which condition came  first or account for variations in the two conditions over time. Finally, the  authors did not report on the adjusted odds of the association between chronic  cocaine use and depression, but rather the adjusted odds of the association  between the <em>duration <\/em>of cocaine use  and depression, which may not be clinically significant. <!-- InstanceEndEditable --><br \/>\n                    <cite><br \/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name=\"name\" -->Jessica S. Merlin, MD, MBA <!-- InstanceEndEditable -->\t\t\t\t\t<\/cite><\/p>\n<div class=\"research-summary-footnotes\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name=\"footnotes\" --><!-- InstanceEndEditable -->\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n<h2>Reference:<\/h2>\n<p>\t<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name=\"reference\" -->Hammond ER, Lai S,  Wright CM, Treisman GJ. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov\/pubmed\/26370100\">Cocaine use may be associated with increased depression  in persons with HIV<\/a>. <em>AIDS  Behav<\/em>. 2015 [Epub ahead of print]. PMID: 26370100.<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->\t<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Both depression and cocaine use are common in individuals with HIV, and are associated with worse HIV outcomes. This study investigated the relationship between cocaine use and depression among 447 African Americans with HIV receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART). This was a sub-study of a larger prospective cohort study on subclinical atherosclerotic disease in African Americans [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":11272,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[59],"tags":[73],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/11272"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=123"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":2056,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/123\/revisions\/2056"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=123"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=123"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.bu.edu\/aodhealth\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=123"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}