History 306 examines American thought in the 20th century when thinkers anointed their times "modern" and themselves "modernists" in revolt against the moral certainties and progressivist faiths of the 19th century. Four discourses driving this turn are spotlighted in the course's first half: philosophical pragmatism, social science relativism, non-rational modern art, and debates over America's role in the world. In the second half we consider post-World II conservative, multicultural, and postmodernist challenges to modernist norms in science, religion, liberal politics, and popular culture. Effective Fall 2018, this course fulfills a single unit in each of the following BU Hub areas: Historical Consciousness, Ethical Reasoning, Critical Thinking.