GRS IR 765/PO 759: Japanese Political Economy

Semester I, 2003/04
Monday 2:00-5:00 p.m.
IRC 101, 154 Bay State Rd.

Professor William Grimes
154 Bay State Rd., Rm. 400
Tel: 353-9420
wgrimes@bu.edu

Office Hours: Mon. 10-12 a.m.,
Wed. 1-3 p.m., Fri.. 10-11, or by appt.

This course will address various aspects of the Japanese political economy. We will seek insights into state-society relations and the nature of the Japanese state from a variety of angles, both theoretical and empirical. Along the way, we will cover a number of the most influential English-language texts on Japan. In the end, students will have learned a great deal about Japan's state and private sector, how they work, and how they interact.

Most of the classes will consider Japan's modern political economy thematically. The objective will be to gain a greater understanding of the institutions of which it is composed and of the ways in which they interact. The Japanese system is under tremendous pressure at this time, and we will examine both why that is the case, and how it is likely to change under that pressure.

One crucial area this course will not attempt to cover is the international aspect of Japan's political economy. While international factors have been important, and at times even crucial, in the development of the political economy, it is too large and important a subject to address in the space of just a fraction of a term. Nevertheless, by presenting the domestic picture in a comprehensive manner, the course should provide students with useful insights into Japan's international profile as well. (Students interested in Japan's foreign policy should consider taking IR 579 in addition to this seminar.)

Requirements
Students are expected to participate actively in classes and keep up with the weekly reading assignments (approximately 150-200 pp. per week). Each student will write a 5-7 page paper and a 15-20 page term paper, and make one classroom presentation. The weights are as follows:

Short Paper - 20%
Research paper - 40%
Class Participation - 20%
E-mail Postings (5) - 10%
Presentation - 10%

E-Mail Postings (five postings, due Sundays at 8 p.m.)
Write a one-paragraph memo (200 words maximum) on the readings for the coming week and post it to the class via e-mail by 8 p.m. Sunday. We will discuss some of the memos in class. Do not put off postings until the end of the semester. The memos may take a variety of forms: 1) Critique one or more of the readings, 2) Relate the readings to a recent news story or news commentary, 3) Write your own question on the readings and answer it, 4) Propose a topic for discussion that relates to the readings. You are encouraged to experiment with this assignment.

IMPORTANT NOTICE: You are expected to provide citations in papers for all quotations, paraphrases, and ideas taken from any source other than your own original thoughts. Boston University has very strict standards for intellectual integrity. Punishment for plagiarism is severe, and can even mean permanent expulsion from the university. For more on the definition of plagiarism and the standards to which you will be held, see the Academic Conduct Code, especially pp. 10-15.

NOTE: If you miss class for any reason, it is your responsibility to ensure that you obtain any assignments or handouts. All assignments and handouts, in addition to the syllabus, will be made available on my webpage.


Readings
Masahiko Aoki, Information, Corporate Governance, and Institutional Diversity: Competitiveness in Japan, the USA, and the Transitional Economies. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2001.

William Grimes, Unmaking the Japanese Miracle: Macroeconomic Politics, 1985-2000. Ithaca: Cornell, 2001.

Takeo Hoshi and Anil Kashyap, Corporate Financing and Governance in Japan. ÝCambridge: MIT, 2001.

Ikuo Kume, Disparaged Success: Labor Politics in Postwar Japan. Ithaca: Cornell, 1998.

T.J. Pempel, Regime Shift: Comparative Dynamics of the Japanese Political Economy. Ithaca: Cornell, 1998.

Optional
D.H. Whittaker, Small Firms in the Japanese Economy. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997.

All of the above books are on reserve in the library. Photocopies of all other chapters and articles in the syllabus are also on reserve.


Course Outline

Week 1 Japan: From Occupation to Oil Shock in 180 Minutes
Takatoshi Ito, The Japanese Economy (MIT, 1992), Chapt. 3; William Grimes and Ulrike Schaede, "Japanese Policy Making in a World of Constraints," in Schaede and Grimes, Japan's Managed Globalization (M.E. Sharpe, 2002).

Week 2 The Japanese Firm
Aoki, Chapt. TBA; Christina Ahmadjian, "Changing Japanese Corporate Governance" in Schaede and Grimes, Japan's Managed Globalization (M.E. Sharpe, 2002).

Week 3 Labor-Management Relations
Kume, Chapts. 1-2, 6, 8; Andrew Gordon, Wages of Affluence (Harvard, 1998), Chapts 9-10; Dennis McNamara, "Corporatism and Cooperation among Japanese Labor," Comparative Politics, July 1990, pp. 379-397; Andrew Gordon, "Scaring the Salaryman Isn't the Japanese Way," New York Times, October 30, 1999, A27; William Grimes, "Japan's Worrisome Workfare," Japan Digest, April 19, 1999.

Week 4 Keiretsu: Corporate Alliances
Michael Gerlach, Alliance Capitalism (UC Press, 1992), Chapt. 1; Paul Sheard, "Interlocking Shareholdings and Corporate Governance in Japan," in Aoki and Dore, The Japanese Firm: Sources of Competitive Strength, pp. 310-349; D. Hugh Whittaker, Small Firms in the Japanese Economy (Cambridge, 1997), Chapts. 5, 6, 9; Toshihiro Nishiguchi, Strategic Industrial Sourcing (Oxford, 1994), pp. 113-139.

Week 5 Industrial Policy: Can the Government Beat the Market?
Chalmers Johnson, MITI and the Japanese Miracle (Stanford, 1982), Chapt. 1; Daniel Okimoto, Between MITI and the Market: Japanese Industrial Policy for High Technology (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1989), Chapt. 1; Motoshige Itoh, et al., "Industrial Policy as a Corrective to Market Failures," in Komiya, et al., eds., Industrial Policy of Japan (Academic Press, 1988), pp. 233-255; Richard Beason and David Weinstein, "Growth, Economies of Scale, and Targeting in Japan (1955-1990)," The Review of Economic and Statistics, 1996.

Week 6 Industrial Policy: Who's Directing Whom, and How?
John O. Haley, Authority without Power: Law and the Japanese Paradox (NY: Oxford University Press, 1991), pp. 139-168; J. Mark Ramseyer and Frances Rosenbluth, Japan's Political Marketplace (Harvard, 1993), Chapt. 7; Ulrike Schaede, "Industry Rules: From Deregulation to Self-Regulation," in Schaede and Grimes, Japan's Managed Globalization (M.E. Sharpe, 2002).

Week 7 Policy Markets and Policy Making
Grimes, Chapts. 1-3; Kent Calder, Crisis and Compensation (Princeton, 1988), Chapt. 4; Ramseyer and Rosenbluth, Japan's Political Marketplace, Chapt. 3; Edward Lincoln, Arthritic Japan (Brookings, 2001), Chapt. 4.

Week 8 The Japanese Financial System, 1945-1990
Hoshi and Kashyap, Chapts. 4-6; Cargill, Hutchison, and Ito, Chapt. 5; Grimes, "Introduction" and Chapts. 4-5.

Week 9 Finance and Financial Policy in the 1990s: Recession and Policies for Recovery
Cargill, Hutchison, and Ito, Chapt. 6; Grimes, Chapts. 6-7; Hoshi and Kashyap, Chapt. 7-8.

Week 10 The Current Debate over Stagnation and Recovery ñ Structure vs. Stimulus
Ben Bernanke, "Japanese Monetary Policy: A Case of Self-Induced Paralysis?" in Ryoichi Mikitani and Adam Posen, eds., Japan's Financial Crisis and Its Parallels to U.S. Experience (IIE, 2000), pp. 149-166; Adam Posen reading TBA; Richard Katz reading TBA.

Week 11 Changing Economic Structure and Changing Politics
Pempel, "Introduction," Chapts. 1, 4-6, "Conclusion."

Week 12 Deregulation
Mark Tilton, "Regulatory reform and Market Opening in Japan," in Lonny Carlile and Mark Tilton, eds., Is Japan Really Changing Its Ways? (Brookings, 1998), pp.. 163-96; Kusano Atsushi, "Deregulation in Japan and the Role of Naiatsu," Social Science Japan Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 1999, pp. 65-84; Steven Vogel, "Can Japan Disengage? Winners and Losers in Japan's Political Economy, and the Ties that Bind Them," Social Science Japan Journal, vol. 2, no. 1, 1999, pp. 3-21; "Conclusions: Permeable Insulation and Japan's Managed Globalization," in Schaede and Grimes, Japan's Managed Globalization (M.E. Sharpe, 2002).

Week 13 Demographic Challenges
Yean-Ju Lee and Shuichi Hirata, "Women, Work, and Marriage in Three East Asian Labor Markets," in Mary Brinton, ed, Women's Working Lives in East Asia (Stanford, 2001), pp. 96-124; Andrew Mason, ed., Population Change and Economic Development in East Asia (Stanford, 2001), Chapts. 2-3; Hiromitsu Ishi, Making Fiscal Policy in Japan (Oxford, 2000), Chapt. 10.

Week 14 Discussion, Presentations, and Leftovers