Erica Harris 2007-12-04T17:54:59Z 11.8132 8445 15195 0 45 False False search_id ID type Reference SpeciesName_Reported CommonName_Reported N EEG Telemetry Twenty_four_hour Light Adaptation Diet Temperature Restraint Behavioural Total_lab_condition_score Total_daily_sleep Sleep_time_adjusted_for_drowsiness Daily_PS_time Quiet_sleep_time Sleep_cycle_length Number_of_animals_in_calculated_mean Animals_sampled Sex Age_class_reported Absolute_age_reported Hayssen_age_class Summary_age_class Monophasic_polyphasic Data_entered_by Notes_Misc Error Error_Note Total_daily_sleep_time_in_water Total_daily_sleep_time_on_land Daily_PS_time_in_water Daily_PS_time_on_land Daily_PS_time_in_water_bihemispheric Daily_PS_time_on_land_bihemispheric Quiet_sleep_time_on_land_bihemispheric Quiet_sleep_time_in_water_bihemispheric Bilateral_desynchronization Unilateral_synchronization Bilateral_synchronization USWS BSWS ASWS Quiet_sleep_time_in_water Quiet_sleep_time_on_land Full_Reference PDF Paper_photocopied Type_of_paper Data_came_from Foreign_language Post1988 114 Land Friedmann Et Al., 1975 A/J Lab Mouse Inbred A/J Lab Mouse 7 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 12.24 0.26400000000000001 1.7625999999999999 10.477 12.3 7 7 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Used Lab Mice Which Were A/J Strain; Drowsy Was Calculated As % Of 24 Hours And Not As A % Of TST; Age Is Unclear; Did Not Specify Adult Or Juv Friedmann, J., Estep, D., Huntley, A., Dewsbury, D., & Webb, W. (1975). On The Validity Of Using Laboratory Mice Versus Wild Mice For Sleep Research [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 4, 142. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 123 Land Haas, 1958 Acinonyx Jubatus Cheetah N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 12.1 13.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH This Is A Scientific Paper, And We Could Not Obtain It Via ILL; Data Are From Zepelin (1989) Haas, G. (1958). 24-Stunden-Periodik Von Grosskatzen Inm Zoologischen Carten. Sauguierk Mitt, 6, 113-117. No No Scientific Paper From Zepelin No No 205 Land Perachio, 1970 Aotus Trivirgatus Owl Monkey 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 16.97 N/A 1.82 15.15 N/A 5 5 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Data Match Elgar Et Al. (1988) Perachio, A. A. (1970). Sleep In The Nocturnal Primate, Aotus Trivirgatus. Proccedings Of The 3rd International Congress Of Primatology, 2, 54-60. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 231 Land Snyder Et Al., 1971 Aplodontia Rufa Mountain Beaver N/A Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 14.4 N/A 2.44 11.952 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH N Is From Campbell & Tobler (1984) And They Report Drowsiness Is Included In TST,. But We Obtained The Same TST Without Drowsiness And Did Not Perform Calculations For Drowsiness; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Snyder, F., Bugbee, N., & Douthitt, T. C. (1971). Telemetric Studies Of 24-hour Sleep-waking Patterns In Some Primitive Mammals [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 9(1), 122. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 109 Land Folk, 1964 Arctic Fox Arctic Fox 7 No Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 12.5 N/A N/A N/A 48.5 7 7 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH No Sleep Quotas; Zepelin (1989) Found TST To Be 12.5; Current Data Entered Are From Campbell & Tobler. 1984; Don't Know If Adult Or Juv Folk, G. E., Jr. (1964). Daily Physiological Rhythms Of Carnivores Exposed To Extreme Changes In Artic Daylight. Federation Proceedings, 23, 1221-1228. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin No No 110 Land Folk, 1964 Arctic Wolf Arctic Wolf N/A No Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 13 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A Month-old Animals N/A Unknown Poly EH Number Of Arctic Foxes Not Given In Original Paper; No Sleep Quotas; Current Data Are From Campbell & Tobler, 1984 Folk, G. E., Jr. (1964). Daily Physiological Rhythms Of Carnivores Exposed To Extreme Changes In Artic Daylight. Federation Proceedings, 23, 1221-1228. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 157 Marine Lyamin & Chetyrbok, 1992 Arctocephalus Pusillus Cape Fur Seal 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 7.6680000000000001 N/A 1.0920000000000001 6.5759999999999996 29.75 1 1 F Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Average For 2 24-hour Periods; Sea Mammals; Discusses Synchronization And Desynchronization But No Specific Number Is Given Lyamin, O. I., & Chetyrbok, I. S. (1992). Unilateral EEG Activation During Sleep In The Cape Fur Seal, Arctocephalus Pusillus. Neuroscience Letters, 143(1-2), 263-266. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 219 Land Ruckebusch, 1963 Ass Ass 3 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 9 3.1 N/A 0.4 2.7 N/A 3 3 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH In French; Data Entered Are From Zepelin (1989); Data Are Averaged From Ruckebush. 1970. 1972. Zepelin & Rechtschaffen, 1974; Zepelin, 1989; No Data In Paper; Nikki Did Recalculate These Data - Obtained No Values So We Kept Zepelin (1989) Numbers Ruckebusch, Y. (1963). Etude EEG Et Comportementale Des Alternantes Veille-sommeil Chez L’ane. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales, 157, 840-844. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin Yes No 202 Land Pegram Et Al., 1969B Baboon Baboon 12 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 9 N/A N/A 2.04 N/A N/A 12 12 N/A Young 6-24 Months N/A Unclassified N/A EH Only REM Sleep Was Obtained; The Rest Of The Sleep Stages Did Not List Exact Percentages Of Total Sleep Time Pegram, V., Bert, J., And Naquet, R. (1969B). The Ontogeny Of EEG Sleep Patterns In The Baboon [Abstract]. Psychophysiology 6, 228. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 270 Land Valatx & Bugat, 1974 BALB/c BALB/c 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 13.167 N/A 0.99170000000000003 12.175000000000001 N/A 8 8 M N/A 10-12 Weeks Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In French Valatx, J. L., & Bugat, R. (1974). [Genetic Factors As Determinants Of The Waking-sleep Cycle In The Mouse (author's Transl)]. Brain Research, 69(2), 315-330. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 246 Land Tang & Sanford, 2002 BALB/cJ (C) BALB/cJ (C) 20 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 10.5 N/A 1.01 9.5 N/A 20 20 N/A N/A 9 Weeks Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Inbred Strains Of Mice; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Tang, X., & Sanford, L.D. (2002). Telemetric Recording Of Sleep And Home Cage Activity In Mice. Sleep, 25(6), 691-699. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 280 Land Wauquier Et Al., 1979 Beagle Dog Beagle Dog 7 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 12.912000000000001 N/A 3.24 9.67 45 7 7 Mix N/A 1 Year Juvenile Juvenile Poly EH Both Sexes (6 Males. 1 Female); Data Are Not Separated By Sex; Adult Or Juv Not Specified Wauquier, A., Verheyen, J. L., Van Den Broeck, W. A., & Janssen, P. A. (1979). Visual And Computer-based Analysis Of 24 H Sleep-waking Patterns In The Dog. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 46(1), 33-48. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 15 Land Allison Et Al., 1977 Blarina Brevicauda Greater Short-tailed Shrew 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 7 14.9 5.9 2.3 12.6 7.6 1 1 F N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Behavioral Data; Sex And Age Are Unclear; Paper Did Not Indicate Adult Or Juv IC: Body Mass Of The Subject (19.3gr) Suggests It Was Probably An Adult Allison, T., Gerber, S. D., Breedlove, S. M., & Dryden, G. L. (1977). A Behavioral And Polygraphic Study Of Sleep In The Shrews Suncus Murinus, Blarina Brevicauda, And Cryptotis Parva. Behavioral Biology, 20(3), 354-366. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 216 Land Ruckebusch & Bell, 1970 Bos Taurus Cow 3 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 9 2.4359999999999999 N/A 0.35 2.0859999999999999 40 3 3 F Adult 2 Years Adult Adult N/A EH In French; 14 Hr Rec. Time Ruckebusch, Y., & Bell, F. R. (1970). Etude Polygraphique Et Comportementale Es Etats Dev Veille Et De Sommeil Chez La Vache (Bos Taurus). Annales De Recherches Veterinaires, 1, 41-62. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 115 Land Galvao Et Al., 1983 Bradypus Tridactylus Three-toed Sloth 4 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 10.521000000000001 2.6815000000000002 1.1858 9.3358000000000008 37.8 4 4 Mix Adult & Juvenile N/A N/A Adult & Juvenile Poly EH Used Group III; N=4; Separated According Tos Ex; Used Table 2. States 3 Males And 1 Female; In Actual Paper. Group III States 2 Males And 2 Females; We Went With The Table Wrt Sex Galvao De Moura Filho, A. G., Huggins, S. E., & Lines, S. G. (1983). Sleep And Waking In The Three-toed Sloth, Bradypus Tridactylus. Comparative Biochemical Physiology, A, 76(2), 345-355. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 116 Land Galvao Et Al., 1983 Bradypus Tridactylus Three-toed Sloth 3 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 8.3536000000000001 2.7138 0.87250000000000005 7.4809000000000001 42.87 3 3 M N/A N/A N/A N/A Poly EH Used Group III; N=4; Separated According Tos Ex; Used Table 2. Group III States 2 Males And 2 Females; We Went With The Table Wrt Sex - IC: Sleep Cycle From Table 2. Age Not Clear From The Paper, But The Body Mass Suggests The Males Were Adults Galvao De Moura Filho, A. G., Huggins, S. E., & Lines, S. G. (1983). Sleep And Waking In The Three-toed Sloth, Bradypus Tridactylus. Comparative Biochemical Physiology, A, 76(2), 345-355. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 117 Land Galvao Et Al., 1983 Bradypus Tridactylus Three-toed Sloth 1 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 17.023 2.3323 2.9670999999999998 14.055999999999999 N/A 1 1 F Immature N/A N/A Juvenile Poly EH Used Group III; N=4; Separated According Tos Ex; Used Table 2. States 3 Males And 1 Female; In Paper Group III States 2 Males And 2 Females; Used Table Wrt Sex -IC: N.2 (female) In Table 2 Defined 'immature' (p.354) And Body Mass Suggest Galvao De Moura Filho, A. G., Huggins, S. E., & Lines, S. G. (1983). Sleep And Waking In The Three-toed Sloth, Bradypus Tridactylus. Comparative Biochemical Physiology, A, 76(2), 345-355. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 269 Land Valatx & Bugat, 1974 C3H/He C3H/He 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 12.134 N/A 1.1167 11.016999999999999 N/A 8 8 M N/A 10-12 Weeks Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In French Valatx, J. L., & Bugat, R. (1974). [Genetic Factors As Determinants Of The Waking-sleep Cycle In The Mouse (author's Transl)]. Brain Research, 69(2), 315-330. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 266 Land Valatx & Bugat, 1974 C57BL/6J C57BL/6J 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 12.494999999999999 N/A 1.2932999999999999 11.202 N/A 8 8 M N/A 10-12 Weeks Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In French Valatx, J. L., & Bugat, R. (1974). [Genetic Factors As Determinants Of The Waking-sleep Cycle In The Mouse (author's Transl)]. Brain Research, 69(2), 315-330. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 245 Land Tang & Sanford, 2002 C57BL/6J (B6) C57BL/6J (B6) 25 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 11.4 N/A 1.06 10.34 N/A 25 25 N/A N/A 8 Weeks Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Inbred Strains Of Mice; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Tang, X., & Sanford, L.D. (2002). Telemetric Recording Of Sleep And Home Cage Activity In Mice. Sleep, 25(6), 691-699. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 265 Land Valatx & Bugat, 1974 C57BR C57BR 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 12.05 N/A 1.3667 10.683 N/A 8 8 M N/A 10-12 Weeks Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In French Valatx, J. L., & Bugat, R. (1974). [Genetic Factors As Determinants Of The Waking-sleep Cycle In The Mouse (author's Transl)]. Brain Research, 69(2), 315-330. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 80 Land Crofts Et Al., 2001 Callithrix Jacchus Common Marmoset 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 9.5038 N/A 1.6054999999999999 7.8982999999999999 50 4 4 Mix N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Mean B/t Male And Female; 2 Of Each In Sample; Unclear If Adult Or Juv; 12 Hr. Rec. Time Crofts, H. S., Wilson, S., Muggleton, N. G., Nutt, D. J., Scott, E. A., & Pearce, P. C. (2001). Investigation Of The Sleep Electrocorticogram Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) Using Radiotelemetry. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(12), 2265-2273. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 81 Land Crofts Et Al., 2001 Callithrix Jacchus Common Marmoset 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 9.5061 N/A 1.468 8.0831 50 2 2 M N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Data For Males; Unclear If Adult Or Juv; No Body Weight Given; 12 Hr. Rec. Time Crofts, H. S., Wilson, S., Muggleton, N. G., Nutt, D. J., Scott, E. A., & Pearce, P. C. (2001). Investigation Of The Sleep Electrocorticogram Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) Using Radiotelemetry. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(12), 2265-2273. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 82 Land Crofts Et Al., 2001 Callithrix Jacchus Common Marmoset 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 9.5044000000000004 N/A 1.7438 7.7606000000000002 50 2 2 F N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Data For Females; Unclear If Adult Or Juv; No Body Weight Given; 12 Hr. Rec. Time Crofts, H. S., Wilson, S., Muggleton, N. G., Nutt, D. J., Scott, E. A., & Pearce, P. C. (2001). Investigation Of The Sleep Electrocorticogram Of The Common Marmoset (Callithrix Jacchus) Using Radiotelemetry. Clinical Neurophysiology, 112(12), 2265-2273. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 138 Land Kantha & Suzuki, 2006 Callithrix Jacchus Common Marmoset 5 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 7 12.382999999999999 N/A N/A N/A 104.8 5 5 M N/A 0.8-10 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Only Mean TST Taken; Sleep Cycle Includes One Baby Which May Account For Why It's So High; Does Not State If 0.8 Years Is Infant Or Juv Kantha, S. S., & Suzuki, J. (2006). Sleep Quantitation In Common Marmoset, Cotton Top Tamarin And Squirrel Monkey By Non-invasive Actigraphy. Comparative Biochemistry & Physiology, Part A, 144, 203-210. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 158 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 1986 Callorhinus Ursinus Northern Fur Seal 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 10.228 N/A 0.94 9.2859999999999996 4 4 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In Russian; Sea Mammals; Data Are For In Land And Water. Total Daily Sleep Was Calculated By Adding TST For Land And Water. 3.21 7.0179999999999998 9.6000000000000002E-2 0.84399999999999997 N/A N/A N/A 3.1139999999999999 6.1719999999999997 Lyamin, O. I., Mukhametov, L. M., & Polyakova, I. G. (1986). [Peculiarities Of Sleep In Water In Northern Fur Seals]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 36(6), 1039-1044. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 171 Marine Lyamin, 1987 Callorhinus Ursinus Northern Fur Seal 3 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 10 11.268000000000001 N/A 1.3919999999999999 9.8759999999999994 N/A 3 3 N/A Adult 2-3 Years Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH In Russian; Sea Mammals; Used Our Data; Summed Unihemispheric And Bihemispheric SWS To Obtain SWS Lyamin, O. I. (1987). [The Ontogenetic Development Of The Interhemispheric Asymmetry Of The EEG During Slow-wave Sleep In Northern Fur Seals]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 37(1), 157-159. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 172 Marine Lyamin, 1987 Callorhinus Ursinus Northern Fur Seal 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A N/A 10 18.588000000000001 N/A 3.1440000000000001 15.444000000000001 N/A 4 4 N/A Infant 10-20 Days Infant Infant N/A EH In Russian; Sea Mammals; Have Translation For Some Sleep Quotas; Combined SWS/bilateral Synchronization To Obtain Average For SWS Lyamin, O. I. (1987). [The Ontogenetic Development Of The Interhemispheric Asymmetry Of The EEG During Slow-wave Sleep In Northern Fur Seals]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 37(1), 157-159. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 173 Marine Lyamin, 1987 Callorhinus Ursinus Northern Fur Seal 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A N/A 10 14.747999999999999 N/A 1.704 13.044 N/A 4 4 N/A Juvenile 2-3 Months Infant Infant N/A EH In Russian; Sea Mammals; Have Translation For Some Sleep Quotas; Combined SWS/bilateral Synchronization To Obtain Average For SWS Lyamin, O. I. (1987). [The Ontogenetic Development Of The Interhemispheric Asymmetry Of The EEG During Slow-wave Sleep In Northern Fur Seals]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 37(1), 157-159. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 191 Marine Mukhametov Et Al., 1984B Callorhinus Ursinus Northern Fur Seal 3 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A N/A 10 8.7119999999999997 N/A 1.3919999999999999 7.32 22.6 3 3 M Sub-adult Subadult N/A Unclassified N/A EH Sea Mammals; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Mukhametov, L. M., Lyamin, O. I., & Polyakova, I. G. (1984B). [Sleep And Wakefulness In Northern Fur Seals (Callorhinus Ursinus)]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 34(3), 465-471. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 192 Marine Mukhametov Et Al., 1985 Callorhinus Ursinus Northern Fur Seal 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 7.2720000000000002 N/A 1.68 5.5919999999999996 N/A 1 1 M N/A 3.5 Years Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Data Reported For 1 Male Aged 3.5 Years; Age Absolute Reported As 2m--22y; Not Sure If 3.5 Yrs Is Juv Or Adult; Zepelin (1989) Had Different Numbers; 24 Hour Recording Mukhametov, L. M., Lyamin, O. I., & Polyakova, I. G. (1985). Interhemispheric Asynchrony Of The Sleep EEG In Northern Fur Seals. Experientia, 41(8), 1034-1035. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 41 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Calomys Callosus Laucha De Campo 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.9968000000000004 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult Mono EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 69 Land Bubenik, 1960 Capreolus Capreolus Venison N/A No No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 8 3.9329999999999998 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A EH In French; The Only Sleep Data Is Shortest TST At 87 Min For Lactacting Female; Longest 236 Min; Unsure Of Sex; Sleep Quality: Data (night Behavior) Was Recorded After A Delays Of 48-96 Hours To Eliminate Errors Bubenik, A. B. (1960). Le Rythme Nycthemeral Et Le Regime Journalier Des Ongules Sauvages; Promeles Theoriques, Rythme D’activite Du Chevreuil. Mammalia, 24, 1-59. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 289 Land Zepelin, 1989 Capreolus Capreolus Roe Deer N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 3 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Don't Have Original Source So Keeping Zepelin (1989) Data For Now; Also References Prior (1968), But We Don't Have That Book. MR Zepelin, H. (1989). Chapter 7: Mammalian Sleep. In M. H. Kryger, T. Roth, & W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles And Practices Of Sleep Medicine (pp. 81-92). Philadelphia: Saunders. No Yes Review Paper From Zepelin No Yes 120 Land Gutierrez-Rivas, 1980 Cat Cat 35 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A N/A 8 12.218 8.8512000000000004 2.8872 9.3312000000000008 N/A 35 35 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH In Spanish; Data Are Not Separated By Sex SN Guitterres-Rivas, E. (1980). El Ciclo Vigilia-sueno Del Gato I. Estudio Con Diferentes Condiciones De Experiementacion. Archives Open Neurobiology (Madrid), 43, 185-200. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin Yes No 264 Land Ursin, 1968 Cat Cat 12 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 11 13.224 N/A 3.2160000000000002 10.007999999999999 N/A 12 12 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH Scientific Name Was Not Given Ursin, R. (1968). The 2 Stages Of Slow-wave Sleep In The Cat And Their Relation To REM Sleep. Brain Research, 11, 347-356. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 290 Land Zolovick Et Al., 1973 Cat Cat 5 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 6 5.6 N/A 1.3520000000000001 4.2480000000000002 N/A 5 5 F Adult N/A Adult Adult N/A EH Used Baseline Values; Recording Time Is 8 Hours SN Zolovick, A., Stern, W., Jalowiec, J., Panksepp, J., & Morgane, P. (1973). Sleep-waking Patterns In Cats: Effects Of 6-hydroxydopamine Given Into The Dorso-lateral Pontine Tegmentum [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 2, 74. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 203 Land Pellet & Beraud, 1967 Cavia Porcellus Guinea Pig 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 6.8159999999999998 N/A 0.93600000000000005 5.88 N/A 6 6 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH In French Pellet, J., & Beraud, C. (1967). [The Circadian Sleep-wakefulness Organization Of The Guinea Pig (Cavia Porcellus)]. Physiology & Behavior, 2, 131-137. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 291 Land Tobler Et Al., 1993 Cavia Porcellus Guinea Pig 9 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 7.73 N/A 1.3 6.43 N/A 9 9 M Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly IC None Tobler, I., Franken, P., & Jaggi, K. (1993). Vigilance States, EEG Spectra, And Cortical Temperature In The Guinea Pig. American Journal Of Physiology, 264, R1125-R1132. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 248 Land Tang & Sanford, 2002 CB6F1/6J (CB6: B6 X C) CB6F1/6J (CB6: B6 X C) 16 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 11 N/A 1.3 9.75 N/A 16 16 N/A N/A 11 Weeks Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Inbred Strains Of Mice; Hybrid Strain; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Tang, X., & Sanford, L.D. (2002). Telemetric Recording Of Sleep And Home Cage Activity In Mice. Sleep, 25(6), 691-699. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 268 Land Valatx & Bugat, 1974 CBA CBA 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 13.542 N/A 1.1083000000000001 12.433 N/A 8 8 M N/A 10-12 Weeks Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In French Valatx, J. L., & Bugat, R. (1974). [Genetic Factors As Determinants Of The Waking-sleep Cycle In The Mouse (author's Transl)]. Brain Research, 69(2), 315-330. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 112 Land Fragaszy, 1990 Cebus Apella Tutfted Capuchin 1 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 7 5.95 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1 N/A Infant Birth To 11 Weeks Infant Infant N/A EH Based On Observational Data; Recording Time 6-8 Hours; Used 7 Hours; Paper Said Baby Slept 85% Of Day; Used 6 Weeks Old For Calculations; Obs. Made On 14 Infants. But One Infant Used Day Of Birth And At Weekly Intervals For 11 Weeks Fragaszy, D. M. (1990). Early Behavioral Development In Capuchins (cebus). Folia Primatol, 54(3-4), 119-128. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 230 Land Snyder Et Al., 1971 Centetes Ecaudatus Tenrec N/A Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 15.6 N/A 2.34 13.26 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH N Is Not Given For Any Species; Campbell & Tobler (1984) Report Drowsiness And It Is Included In TST, But We Obtained The Same TST And Did Not Calculate Anything For Drowsiness; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Snyder, F., Bugbee, N., & Douthitt, T. C. (1971). Telemetric Studies Of 24-hour Sleep-waking Patterns In Some Primitive Mammals [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 9(1), 122. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 30 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1978A Cercopithecus Aethiops Sabaeus Green Monkey 3 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 9.77 N/A 0.72599999999999998 9.0440000000000005 N/A 3 3 N/A Adult 4-7 Years Adult Adult N/A EH In French; 12 Hour Recording Period Balzamo, E., Vuillon-Cacciuttolo, G., & Bert, J. (1978A). Cercopithecus Aethiops: EEG Et Organization Des Etats De Vigiliance. Wake Sleep, 2, 223-230. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 31 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1978A Cercopithecus Aethiops Sabaeus Green Monkey 3 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 10.198 N/A 1.1970000000000001 9.0009999999999994 N/A 4 4 N/A Juvenile 10-38 Months Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A NP In French; 12 Hour Recording Period Balzamo, E., Vuillon-Cacciuttolo, G., & Bert, J. (1978A). Cercopithecus Aethiops: EEG Et Organization Des Etats De Vigiliance. Wake Sleep, 2, 223-230. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 56 Land Bert & Pegram, 1969 Cercopithecus Aethiops Sabaeus Green Monkey 4 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 10.3 N/A 0.75600000000000001 9.5440000000000005 N/A 4 4 N/A Adult Or Sub-adult N/A N/A Unclassified Mono EH 13.5 Hour Recording Period; In French; Campbell & Tobler (1984) Report 10.3 Hours For TST And A 13.5 Hr. Recording Time; N Changed From 8 To 4; In French; Campbell & Tobler (1984) Have 10.8 Hrs. For TST And Recording Time Of 13.5 Hrs.; N Changed From 8 Bert, J., & Pegram, V. (1969). L’electroencephalogramme Du Sommeil Chez Les Cercopithecinae: Erythrocebus Patas Et Cerpothiecus Aethiops Sabaeus. Folia Primatol, 11, 151-159. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 2 Land Affanni Et Al., 2001 Chaetophractus Villosus South American Armadillo 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 20.414000000000001 N/A 4.4783999999999997 15.936 N/A 5 5 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH N=15; 10 Armadillos And 5 Unspecified Animals; The 5 Animals Were Subjected To 24-hour Recordings So We Used Them Affanni, J. M., Cervino, C. O., & Marcos, H. J. A. (2001). Absence Of Penile Erections During Paradoxical Sleep. Peculiar Penile Events During Wakefulness And Slow Wave Sleep In The Armadillo. Journal Of Sleep Research, 10, 219-228. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 113 Land Freemon Et Al., 1971 Chimpanzee Chimpanzee 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 10.867000000000001 N/A 2.4990000000000001 8.3670000000000009 85.65 2 2 Mix N/A 4 Years Juvenile Juvenile N/A AB 12 Hr Recording Period; Did Not State If Age Is Adult Or Juvenile Freemon, F. R., McNew, J. J., & Adey, W. R. (1971). Chimpanzee Sleep Stages. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 31, 485-489. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 178 Land McNew Et Al., 1971 Chimpanzee Chimpanzee 3 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 11 12.622999999999999 0.87749999999999995 2.6055000000000001 10.016999999999999 86 3 3 N/A Immature Immature N/A Unclassified N/A EH Recording Time Is 13.5 Hours McNew, J. J., Howe, R. C., & Adey, W. R. (1971). The Sleep Cycle And Subcortical-cortical EEG Relations To The Unrestrained Chimpanzee. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 30(6), 489-503. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 179 Land McNew Et Al., 1972 Chimpanzee Chimpanzee 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 13.76 N/A 2.24 11.52 101.8 1 1 M Immature Immature N/A Unclassified N/A EH Study Used One Immature Male Chimp McNew, J. J., Burson, R. D., Hoshizaki, T., & Adey, W. R. (1972). Sleep-wake Cycle Of An Unrestrained Isolated Chimpanzee Under Entrained And Free Running Conditions. Aerospace Medicine, 43, 155-161. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 274 Land Van Twyver, 1969 Chinchilla Laniger Chinchilla 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 12.528 N/A 1.554 10.975 6.48 6 6 N/A Adult >18 Months N/A Adult Poly EH None SN Van Twyver, H. (1969). Sleep Patterns In Five Rodent Species. Physiology & Behavior, 4, 901-905. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 241 Land Sunquist & Montgomery, 1973 Choloepus Hoffmanni Two-toed Sloth 6 No Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 9 16.5 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6 6 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Referenced From Campbell & Tobler (1984); In This Paper, Only Overall Sleep Was Given; The Authors Mentioned Activity Of The Sloths; Also Had 3-toed Sloths,. But There Were No Sleep Quotas Sunquist, M., & Montgomery, G. (1973). Activity Patterns And Rates Of Movement Of Two-toed And Three-toed Sloths, Choloepus Hoffmani And Bradypus Infuscatus. Journal Of Mammalogy, 54, 946-954. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 278 Land Walker Et Al., 1977 Citellus Beldingi And Citellus Lateralis Ground Squirrel 18 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 15.84 N/A 3.01 12.83 12.5 N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Data Are From Elgar Et Al. (1988); Elgar Was Able To Separate These Data Somehow, But When We Looked At The Original Paper, The Species Were Combined So We Did Not Enter It And Took Data From Elgar; Hibernation Applies To The C. Beldingi Walker, J. M., Glotzbach, S. F., Berger, R. J., & Heller, H. C. (1977). Sleep And Hibernation In Ground Squirrels (Citellus Spp): Electrophysiological Observations. American Journal Of Physiology- Regulatory, Integrative & Comparative Physiology, 233(5), R213-R221. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 125 Land Haskell Et Al., 1979 Citellus Lateralis Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 14.544 N/A 2.7925 11.752000000000001 N/A 6 6 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Total Recording Time Is 99.9%; Temp @ 22C Baseline; Sex Not Specified; Numbers Are Very Close To Berger. 1990 And Elgar Et Al. (1988); Age Is Unclear; Did Not Specify Adult Or Juv Haskell, E. H., Walker, J. M., & Berger, R. J. (1979). Effects Of Cold Stress On Sleep Of A Hibernator, The Golden-mantled Ground Squirrel (C. Lateralis). Physiology & Behavior, 23(6), 1119-1121. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 75 Land Chepkasov, 1980 Citellus Parryi Arctic Ground Squirrel 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A N/A 8 16.08 N/A 3.3767999999999998 12.702999999999999 N/A 8 8 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH In Russian; Age Is Unclear; Do Not Know If Adult Or Juv Chepkasov, I. E. (1980). Daily Rhythm Of Sleep And Wakefulness In The Arctic Ground Squirrel Citellus Parryi During The Summer Season. Zh Evol Biokim Fiziol, 17, 77-80. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 277 Land Van Twyver, 1969 Citellus Tridecemlineatus Thirteen-lined Ground Squirrel 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 13.8 N/A 3.4085999999999999 10.391 12.5 6 6 N/A Adult >18 Months Adult Adult Poly EH Age Absolute Reported As At Least 18m. Van Twyver, H. (1969). Sleep Patterns In Five Rodent Species. Physiology & Behavior, 4, 901-905. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin No No 9 Land Allison & Van Twyver, 1970 Condylura Cristata Star-nosed Mole 1 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 10.32 N/A 2.2393999999999998 8.0806000000000004 7.4 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Does Not Specify If Adult Or Juvenile Allison, T., & Van Twyver, H. (1970). Sleep In The Moles, Scalopus Aquaticus And Condylura Cristata. Experimental Neurology, 27(3), 564-578. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 221 Land Ruckebusch, 1972 Cow Cow 3 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 3.9359999999999999 7.4880000000000004 0.74399999999999999 3.1920000000000002 N/A 3 3 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Data Compiled From Laboratory Records Ruckebusch, Y. (1972). The Relevance Of Drowsiness In The Circadian Cycle Of Farm Animals. Animal Behavior, 20(4), 637-643. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 235 Land Snyder, F. Unpublished Data Criestomys Gambianus African Giant Pouched Rat N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 8.3 N/A 2 6.3 N/A N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH These Data Are From Zepelin (1989); No Original Paper Because The Data Are Based On Unpublished Data From F. Snyder. Snyder, F. Unpublished Data (reported From Zepelin, 1989). No No 5 From Zepelin No No 52 Land Bell & Itabisashi, 1973 Crossbred Merino Sheep Crossbred Merino Sheep 4 Yes No N/A Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 6 5.4 N/A 0.71 4.69 19.2 4 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Mono EH Current Data Are From Elgar Et Al. (1988); We Did Not Obtain Data From Original Paper B/c It Only Talked About Correlations And Patterns Of EEG In Ruminants; 4 Crossbred Merino Sheep; No Data For 10 Saanen Sheep; Unclear If Adults Or Juvs SN Bell, F. R., & Itabisashi, T. (1973). The Electroencephalogram Of Sheep And Goats With Special Reference To Rumination. Physiology & Behavior, 11, 503-514. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 14 Land Allison Et Al., 1977 Cryptotis Parva Lesser Short-tailed Shrew 3 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 7 9.1 6.1 1.4 7.7 8.8 3 3 Mix N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Male And Female; Observational Data; No Animals Survived Surgery; Probably A Juvenile B/c Weight Not That Of An Adult, But Juv Wasn't Stated Explicitly; Therefore, We Have Put Unknown For Age Class Entries Allison, T., Gerber, S. D., Breedlove, S. M., & Dryden, G. L. (1977). A Behavioral And Polygraphic Study Of Sleep In The Shrews Suncus Murinus, Blarina Brevicauda, And Cryptotis Parva. Behavioral Biology, 20(3), 354-366. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 208 Land Prudom & Klemm, 1973 Dasypus Novemcinctus Armadillo 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 11 18.48 N/A 2.8089 15.670999999999999 N/A 5 5 Mix N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Both Sexes Are Included But Data Are Not Separated According To Sex; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Prudom, A. E., & Klemm, W. R. (1973). Electrographic Correlates Of Sleep Behavior In A Primitive Mammal, The Armadillo Dasypus Novemcinctus. Physiology & Behavior, 10, 275-282. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 272 Land Van Twyver & Allison, 1974 Dasypus Novemcinctus Armadillo 13 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 11 17.4 N/A 3.13 14.26 22.8 13 13 Mix N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Both Sexes; Zepelin (1989) Reported From Campbell & Tobler (1984) Paper Exact Numbers Except For Sleep Cycle (28 Min) And Called It The Long-nosed Armadillo (same Species Name, Though); Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv Van Twyver, H., & Allison, T. (1974). Sleep In The Armadillo Dasypus Novemcinctus At Moderate And Low Ambient Temperatures. Brain, Behavior & Evolution, 9(2), 107-120. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 267 Land Valatx & Bugat, 1974 DBA/2 DBA/2 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 13.125 N/A 1.1416999999999999 11.983000000000001 N/A 8 8 M N/A 10-12 Weeks Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In French Valatx, J. L., & Bugat, R. (1974). [Genetic Factors As Determinants Of The Waking-sleep Cycle In The Mouse (author's Transl)]. Brain Research, 69(2), 315-330. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 247 Land Tang & Sanford, 2002 DBA/2J (D2) DBA/2J (D2) 16 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 10.7 N/A 1.09 9.61 N/A 16 16 N/A N/A 10 Weeks Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Inbred Strains Of Mice; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Tang, X., & Sanford, L.D. (2002). Telemetric Recording Of Sleep And Home Cage Activity In Mice. Sleep, 25(6), 691-699. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 106 Marine Flanigan, 1974B Delphinapterus Leucas Beluga Whale 2 No No 2 Abnormal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 7 5.2 N/A N/A N/A 7 2 2 F Adult 3-11 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Ages 3-11; Females; No Sleep Quotas; Only Behavioral Data Reported; Current Data From Campbell & Tobler, 1984; 13.5-14 Hr Recording Period; Constant Illumination Flanigan, W. F. (1974b). Nocturnal Behavior Of Captive Small Cetaceans. II. The Beluga Whale, Delphinapterus Leucas [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 3, 85. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 167 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2002A Delphinapterus Leucas White Whale 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 12 10.32 N/A 0 10.32 N/A 1 1 M Sub-adult Sub-adult N/A Unclassified N/A EH Sea Mammals; Data Also Available On State Of The Eyes And SWS Amplitude Diffs; Does Not State Whether Adult Or Juv; Does Not Report PS; All SWS Lyamin, O. I., Mukhametov, L. M., Siegel, J. M., Nazarenko, E. A., Polyakova, I. G., & Shpak, O. V. (2002A). Unihemispheric Slow Wave Sleep And The State Of The Eyes In A White Whale. Behavioural Brain Research, 129(1-2), 125-129. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 168 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2002B Delphinapterus Leucas Beluga Whale 1 No No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 8 9.3379999999999992 N/A 4.9000000000000002E-2 9.2889999999999997 N/A 1 1 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Sea Mammals; Observational Data; Muscle Jerks Considered REM; Bottom Of Pool NREM; 1.2% Of Time Unknown Based On Observation Only; 14 Hour Recording Period Lyamin, O. I., Shpak, O. V., Nazarenko, E. A., & Mukhametov, L. M. (2002B). Muscle Jerks During Behavioral Sleep In A Beluga Whale (Delphinapterus Leucas L.). Physiology & Behavior, 76(2), 265-270. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 169 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2004 Delphinapterus Leucas Beluga Whale 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 10.32 N/A 3.84 6.48 N/A 1 1 M Adult N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Sea Mammals; Combined LA And HA SWS; Sea Mammals; Age Is Unclear 4.08 3.6 Lyamin, O. I., Mukhametov, L. M., & Siegel, J. M. (2004). Relationship Between Sleep And Eye State In Cetaceans And Pinnipeds. Archives Of Italian Biology, 142, 557-568. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 234 Land Snyder, 1974 Dendrohyrax Validus Tree Hyrax 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 5.4 N/A 0.504 4.8959999999999999 N/A 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Quite Nocturnal; Sex Is Unknown; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Snyder, F. (1974). Sleep-waking Patterns Of Hydracoidea [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 3, 87. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 141 Land Karmanova Et Al., 1979 Dicrostonyx Torquatus Arctic Lemming N/A Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A N/A 8 15.192 N/A 3.1903000000000001 12.002000000000001 8.6 N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH In Russian; N Is Unknown; Matched Elgar Et Al. (1988) Data; Age Is Unclear; Did Not Specify Adult Or Juv Karmanova, I. G., Maksimuk, F. M., Murav'eva, L. N., Pastukhov, Y. F., & Sazonov, V. S. (1979). Specific Features Of The Cycle 'wakefulness-sleep' In The Arctic Lemming Dicrostonyx Torquats. [Russian] Zh Evol Biokim Fiziol, 15, 190-195. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 225 Land Sazonov, 1981 Dicrostonyx Torquatus Arctic Lemming N/A Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 8 3.8056000000000001 N/A 0.6 3.2056 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Sleep Quotas Were Averaged Across 3 Experimental Conditions That Varied The Temperature; Recording Time Is 8 Hours; Unsure If Adult Or Juv B/c Age Is Not Given Sazonov, V. S. (1981). Influence Of The Low Environmental Temperatures On Wakefulness- Sleep Periodicity In The Lemming. Journal Of Evolutionary Biochemisty& Physiology, 17(4), 259-262. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 228 Land Snyder Et Al., 1971 Didelphis Marsupialis Opossum N/A Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 16.56 N/A 4.14 12.42 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH N Is Not Given For Any Species; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Snyder, F., Bugbee, N., & Douthitt, T. C. (1971). Telemetric Studies Of 24-hour Sleep-waking Patterns In Some Primitive Mammals [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 9(1), 122. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 271 Land Van Twyver & Allison, 1970 Didelphis Marsupialis Opossum 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 11 19.391999999999999 N/A 5.6429999999999998 13.749000000000001 22.5 5 5 Mix N/A 9-10 Months Adult Adult Poly EH Both Sexes; Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv Van Twyver, H., & Allison, T. (1970). Sleep In The Opossum Didelphis Marsupialis. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 29(2), 181-189. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 196 Land Nishino Et Al., 2000 Doberman Pinscher Doberman Pinscher 6 Yes No At least 24 hours Abnormal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 5 2.1059999999999999 0.74399999999999999 0.26400000000000001 1.8420000000000001 N/A 6 6 N/A Adult 31.5 Months (avg) N/A Adult N/A EH 6 Hour Recording Period; Used Data From Controls Nishino, S., Riehl, J., Hong, J., Kwan, M., Reid, M., & Mignot, E. (2000). Is Narcolepsy A REM Sleep Disorder? Analysis Of Sleep Abnormalities In Narcoleptic Dobermans. Neuroscience Research, 38, 437-446. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 79 Land Copley Et Al., 1976 Domestic Canine Domestic Canine 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 7.6440000000000001 N/A 2.1072000000000002 5.5368000000000004 N/A 5 5 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH None Copley, M., Jennings, D., & Mitler, M. (1976). A Study Of Continuous Forty-eight Hour Sleep-waking Recordings In Five Dogs [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 5, 94. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 124 Land Hartmann Et Al., 1968 Elephant Elephant 2 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 N/A N/A N/A N/A 110 2 2 N/A Juvenile/essentially Adult 5 Years. 12 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Data Based On Behavioral Observations; Had Species With Ages 5. 12. 15. And 35 Years; All Females; Sleep Cycle Based On The 5 Year Old And 12 Year Old; Stated 12 Year Old Essentially Adult So 5 Y.o. Must Be Juvenile Even Though Not Explicitly Stated Hartmann, E., Bernstein, J., & Wilson, C. (1968). Sleep And Dreaming In The Elephant [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 4, 389. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 149 Land Kurt, 1960 Elephas Maximus Elephant 10 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 5 3.9 N/A 1.8 2.1 124 5 5 Mix Adult 7-38 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile Mono EH In French;8-13 Hour Recording Period; Data Entered Are From Zepelin & Rechtschaffen. 1974; Campbell & Tobler. 1984 Have Same Data As Zepelin Kurt, F. (1960). Le Sommeil Es Elephants. Mammalia, 24, 259-272. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin Yes No 256 Land Tobler, 1992 Elephas Maximus Asian Elephant 4 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.6908000000000003 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 4 N/A Sub-adult/adult 5, 14, 22, And 22 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Zoo Winter; Only TST Given; Includes A Subadult Tobler, I. (1992). Behavioral Sleep In The Asian Elephant In Captivity. Sleep, 15(1), 1-12. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 257 Land Tobler, 1992 Elephas Maximus Asian Elephant 4 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 5.8780000000000001 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 4 N/A Sub-adult/adult 5, 14, 22, And 22 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Zoo Summer; Only TST Given; Includes A Subadult Tobler, I. (1992). Behavioral Sleep In The Asian Elephant In Captivity. Sleep, 15(1), 1-12. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 258 Land Tobler, 1992 Elephas Maximus Asian Elephant 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 7.7282999999999999 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1 N/A Infant 5 Months Infant Infant N/A EH Infant Summer; Only TST Given Tobler, I. (1992). Behavioral Sleep In The Asian Elephant In Captivity. Sleep, 15(1), 1-12. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 259 Land Tobler, 1992 Elephas Maximus Asian Elephant 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 7.32 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1 N/A Infant 5 Months Infant Infant N/A EH Infant Winter; Only TST Given Tobler, I. (1992). Behavioral Sleep In The Asian Elephant In Captivity. Sleep, 15(1), 1-12. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 260 Land Tobler, 1992 Elephas Maximus Asian Elephant 5 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 3.5143 N/A N/A N/A N/A 5 5 N/A Adult 19, 21, 26, 28, 39 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Circus Elephants; No Winter Or Summer For Circus Elephants; Only TST Given Tobler, I. (1992). Behavioral Sleep In The Asian Elephant In Captivity. Sleep, 15(1), 1-12. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 261 Land Tobler, 1992 Elephas Maximus Asian Elephant 2 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 5.5125000000000002 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 2 N/A Juvenile 3 Years Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Circus Elephants; No Winter Or Summer For Circus Elephants; Only TST Given Tobler, I. (1992). Behavioral Sleep In The Asian Elephant In Captivity. Sleep, 15(1), 1-12. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 162 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2000 Enhydra Lutris Sea Otter 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.9119999999999999 N/A 0.432 6.48 N/A 1 1 F N/A 6-8 Months Infant & Juvenile Infant & Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Based On Beh Observation Only; Paper Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv; Used Series II-III B/c Data Available For Female In REM Lyamin, O. I., Oleksenko, A. I., & Sevostiyanov, V. F., Nazarenko, E. A., & Mukhametov, L. M. (2000). Behavioral Sleep In Captive Sea Otters. Aquatic Mammals, 26, 132-136. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 163 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2000 Enhydra Lutris Sea Otter 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 7.5839999999999996 N/A N/A 7.5839999999999996 N/A 1 1 M N/A 6-8 Months Infant & Juvenile Infant & Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Based On Beh Observation Only; Male Only; No REM Scored; Used Series I Lyamin, O. I., Oleksenko, A. I., & Sevostiyanov, V. F., Nazarenko, E. A., & Mukhametov, L. M. (2000). Behavioral Sleep In Captive Sea Otters. Aquatic Mammals, 26, 132-136. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 164 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2000 Enhydra Lutris Sea Otter 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.7439999999999998 N/A N/A 6.7439999999999998 N/A 1 1 F N/A 6-8 Months Infant & Juvenile Infant & Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Based On Beh Observation Only; Female Only; No REM Scored; Used Series I Lyamin, O. I., Oleksenko, A. I., & Sevostiyanov, V. F., Nazarenko, E. A., & Mukhametov, L. M. (2000). Behavioral Sleep In Captive Sea Otters. Aquatic Mammals, 26, 132-136. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 165 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2000 Enhydra Lutris Sea Otter 2 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 7.1639999999999997 N/A N/A 7.1639999999999997 N/A 2 2 Mix N/A 6-8 Months Infant & Juvenile Infant & Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Based On Beh Observation Only; Male And Female; No REM Scored; Used Series I Lyamin, O. I., Oleksenko, A. I., & Sevostiyanov, V. F., Nazarenko, E. A., & Mukhametov, L. M. (2000). Behavioral Sleep In Captive Sea Otters. Aquatic Mammals, 26, 132-136. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 285 Land Zepelin & Rechtschaffen, 1974 Eptesicus Fuscus Bat N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 19.7 N/A 3.9 15.8 7.5 N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A Adult Adult N/A EH Zepelin & Rechtschaffen (1974) Refers To Personal Communication With Brebbia (1971); Brebbia (1972) - We Were Not Able To Extract Data Because We Did Not Know The Recording Time; Data Entered Are From Zepelin (1989). Zepelin, H., & Rechtschaffen, A. (1974). Mammalian Sleep, Longevity, And Energy Metabolism. Brain, Behavior & Evolution, 10(6), 425-470. No Yes Review Paper From Zepelin No No 217 Land Ruckebusch Et Al., 1970 Equus Caballus Horse 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 4.3680000000000003 N/A 0.82799999999999996 3.54 60 2 2 N/A N/A 2-3 Years Adult Adult N/A EH In French; 12 Hr Rec. Time Ruckebusch, Y., Barbey, P., & Guillemot, P. (1970). Les Etats De Sommeil Chez Le Cheval (Equus Caballus). Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales, 31, 658-665. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 229 Land Snyder Et Al., 1971 Erinaceus Europaeus Hedgehog N/A Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 14.16 N/A 3.964 10.195 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH N Is Not Given For Any Species; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Snyder, F., Bugbee, N., & Douthitt, T. C. (1971). Telemetric Studies Of 24-hour Sleep-waking Patterns In Some Primitive Mammals [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 9(1), 122. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 111 Land Fourre Et Al., 1974 Erinaceus Europaeus L. Hedgehog 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 17.643000000000001 N/A 3.6177000000000001 14.025 N/A 5 5 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; PS Time From 3.65 To 3.77 Paper Has Extra Phase For "r" Fourre, A. M., Rodriquez, F. L., & Vincent, J. D. (1974). Etude Polygraphique De La Veille Et Du Sommeil Chez Le Herisson (Erinaceus Europaeus L.). Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales (Paris), 168, 959-964. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 262 Land Toutain & Ruckebusch, 1975 Erinaceus Europeanus Hedgehog 9 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 9 10.08 6 2.88 7.2 17 9 9 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Recording Time Assumed To Be 24 Hours B/c Recorded Continuously And Means Reported Per Day; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv; IC Mentioned To Possibly Consider Light-sleep Stages And Have An Overall QS=13.2, But This Has Not Been Done Toutain, P. L., & Ruckebusch, Y. (1975). Arousal As A Cyclic Phenomenon During Sleep And Hibernation In The Hedgehog (Erinaceus Europaeus). Experientia, 31, 312-314. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 55 Land Bert & Pegram, 1969 Erythrocebus Patas Patas Monkey 4 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 10.8 N/A 1.0654999999999999 9.7334999999999994 N/A 4 4 N/A Adult Or Sub-adult N/A N/A Unclassified Mono EH In French; 13.5 Hour Recording Period; Campbell & Tobler (1984) Have 10.8 Hrs. For TST And Recording Time Of 13.5 Hrs.; N Changed From 8 To 4; Used Campbell & Tobler TST Values; In Orig. Paper, Used % Of REM And Then Subtract REM From TST To Obtain SWS Bert, J., & Pegram, V. (1969). L’electroencephalogramme Du Sommeil Chez Les Cercopithecinae: Erythrocebus Patas Et Cerpothiecus Aethiops Sabaeus. Folia Primatol, 11, 151-159. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 94 Land Estep Et Al., 1978 Eutamias Dorsalis Cliff Chipmunk 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 14.891999999999999 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH TS Entered; Zepelin (1989) Reports TST As 14.9; Zepelin Refers To This Species As Western American Chipmunk; Mixed Sex Estep, D., Canney, E. L., Cochran, C. C., & Hunter, J. L. (1978). Components Of Activity And Sleep In Two Species Of Chipmunks: Tamias Striatus Amd Eutomias Dorsalis. Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 12, 341-343. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 95 Land Estep Et Al., 1978 Eutamias Dorsalis Cliff Chipmunk 6 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 14.496 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6 6 F Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH Only TST Available; Females Only Estep, D., Canney, E. L., Cochran, C. C., & Hunter, J. L. (1978). Components Of Activity And Sleep In Two Species Of Chipmunks: Tamias Striatus Amd Eutomias Dorsalis. Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 12, 341-343. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 96 Land Estep Et Al., 1978 Eutamias Dorsalis Cliff Chipmunk 6 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 15.288 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6 6 M Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH Only TST Available; Males Only Estep, D., Canney, E. L., Cochran, C. C., & Hunter, J. L. (1978). Components Of Activity And Sleep In Two Species Of Chipmunks: Tamias Striatus Amd Eutomias Dorsalis. Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 12, 341-343. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 93 Land Dijk & Daan, 1989 Eutamias Sibiricus Siberian Chipmunk Or Burunduk 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 12.672000000000001 N/A 2.9039999999999999 9.7680000000000007 N/A 8 8 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Really 6 Animals B/c Missing Data From Dark Period; Averaged 12 Hr. Light And 12 Hr. Dark Period; Sum Is Over 24 Hours (24.912); Took Average Of Sample Because 9 Animals In Light And 7 In Dark; Paper Stated Sexually Mature Males Dijk, D. J. & Daan, S. (1989). Sleep EEG Spectral Analysis In A Diurnal Rodent: Eutamias Sibiricus. Journal Of Comparative Physiology, A, 165, 205-215. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 224 Land Sato & Kawamura, 1984 Eutamias Sibiricus Siberian Chipmunk 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 9.2712000000000003 N/A 2.472 6.7991999999999999 N/A 5 5 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH None Sato, T., & Kawamura, H. (1984). Effects Of Bilateral Suprachiasmatic Nucleus Lesions On The Circadian Rhythms In A Diurnal Rodent, The Siberian Chipmunk (Eutamias Sibiricus). Journal Of Comparative Physiology, A, 155, 745-752. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 296 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2004 Fur Seal Fur Seal 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 2 Mix Adult 2-3 Years N/A EH Data Reported Are For Sleep On Land For The Fur Seal N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 2.88 18.48 N/A N/A N/A Lyamin, O. I., Mukhametov, L. M., & Siegel, J. M. (2004). Relationship Between Sleep And Eye State In Cetaceans And Pinnipeds. Archives Of Italian Biology, 142, 557-568. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 57 Land Bert Et Al., 1967 Galago Senegalensis Galago 15 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 8 7.4720000000000004 N/A 0.376 7.0960000000000001 N/A 15 15 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult Mono EH In French; Current Data From Campbell & Tobler (1984) IC: Estimates For Zepelin: TST=10.7 PS=1.2 Sleep Cycle: 33 Min. The Total Recording Time Is 8 Hours. Bert, J., Collomb, H., & Martino, A. (1967). L’electroencephalogramme Du Sommeil D’un Prosimien. Sa Place Dans L’organisation Du Sommeil Chez Les Primates. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 23, 342-350. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 180 Land Meddis, 1983 Genet Genet N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 6.1 N/A 1.3 4.8 N/A N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Data From Meddis (1983) Paper And Elgar Et Al. (1988) Had Similar Numbers; Data Are From Zepelin & Rechtschaffen (1974) And Allison & Cicchetti (1976) And Newly Pub. Figures; Age Class Unknown; IC: No Data Or References In Zepelin & Rechtschaffen (1974) Meddis, R. (1983). The Evolution Of Sleep. In A. Mayes (Ed.), Sleep Mechanisms And Functions In Humans And Animals: An Evolutionary Perspective B (pp. 57-106). Berkshire, England: Van Nostrand Reindhold (UK). No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 236 Land Snyder, F. Unpublished Data Genet Genet N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 6.3 N/A 1.8 4.5 N/A N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH These Data Are From Zepelin 1989; No Original Paper Because Data Are Based On F. Snyder's Unpublished Data. Snyder, F. Unpublished Data (reported From Zepelin, 1989). No No 5 From Zepelin No No 129 Land Immelman & Gebbing, 1962 Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffe 3 No No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 8 1.9 N/A 0.4 1.5 N/A 3 3 Mix Adult & Juvenile 2-5 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH In German; Data Quality Score From Paper; Sleep Quota Data From Zepelin (1989) MR Immelman, K., & Gebbing, H. (1962). Schlaf Bei Giraffiden. Z Tierpsychol, 19, 84-92. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin Yes No 253 Land Tobler & Schwierin, 1996 Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffe 5 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 4.4927999999999999 N/A 0.98399999999999999 3.5087999999999999 17.5 5 5 F Adult/immature 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 13, And 30 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Adult Females Only; Behavioral Data; Averaged Sleep Cycle; Age Abs Reported As 3.4, 3.5, 3.6, 13, & 20 Yrs Tobler, I., & Schwierin, B. (1996). Behavioural Sleep In The Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis) In A Zoological Garden. Journal Of Sleep Research, 5(1), 21-32. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 254 Land Tobler & Schwierin, 1996 Giraffa Camelopardalis Giraffe 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 3.9359999999999999 N/A 0.33600000000000002 3.6 N/A 1 1 F Juvenile 0.2 Years Infant Infant N/A EH Behavioral Observations Tobler, I., & Schwierin, B. (1996). Behavioural Sleep In The Giraffe (Giraffa Camelopardalis) In A Zoological Garden. Journal Of Sleep Research, 5(1), 21-32. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 226 Marine Shurley Et Al., 1969 Globicephala Scammoni North Pacific Pilot Whale 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 5.28 N/A 0.1 5.18 N/A 1 1 F N/A 4 Years Juvenile Juvenile Poly EH Data Matched Zepelin (1989); Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Shurley, J. T., Serafetinides, E. A., Brooks, R. E., Elsner, R., & Kenney, D. W. (1969). Sleep In Cetaceans: I. The Pilot Whale, Globicephala Scammoni [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 6, 230. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 146 Land Klemm, 1966 Goat Goat 7 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 5.1 7 7 Mix Adult & Juvenile 43-57 Days Adult & Infant Adult & Infant Poly EH Article Mentions Sleep In Ruminants; 5 Adult Males. 2 Juveniles (1 Male. 1 Female); No Other Sleep Data Available B/c Rec. Time Is Unclear, But We Know It's Less Than 12 Hours SN Klemm, W. R. (1966). Sleep And Paradoxical Sleep In Ruminants. Proceedings Of The Society For Experimental Biology And Medicine, 121, 635-638. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 18 Land Aristakesian, 1997 Guinea Pig Guinea Pig 12 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 6 1.4490000000000001 N/A 0.20399999999999999 1.2450000000000001 N/A 12 12 N/A N/A 2-3 Days Infant Infant N/A EH Used Data In Table For Guinea Pigs Aged 2-3 Days; Recording Time Is 3 Hours; Does Not State Whether Infant Or Juvenile Aristakesian, E. A. (1997). Comparative Neurophysiological Analysis Of The Waking-sleeping Cycle During The Early Postnatal Ontogeny In Rats And Guinea Pigs. Journal Of Evolutionary Biochemistry & Physiology, 33(6), 545-550. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No Yes 133 Land Jouvet-Mounier & Astic, 1966 Guinea Pig Guinea Pig 4 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 12.6 N/A 0.6 12 N/A 4 4 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; Juvenile; Current Data Are From Berger (1990); Quiet Sleep Is Stated At "approximately" 50% Of Recording Time SN Jouvet-Mounier, D., & Astic, L. (1966). Etude Du Sommeil Chez Le Cobaye Adulte Et Nouveau-ne. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales (Paris), 160, 1453-1457. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 134 Land Jouvet-Mounier & Astic, 1966 Guinea Pig Guinea Pig N/A Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 10.32 N/A 1.32 9 N/A N/A 0 N/A Juvenile 1-15 Days Infant Infant N/A NP In French Jouvet-Mounier, D., & Astic, L. (1966). Etude Du Sommeil Chez Le Cobaye Adulte Et Nouveau-ne. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales (Paris), 160, 1453-1457. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 145 Land Kiyono, 1975 Gunn Rat Gunn Rat 18 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 13.176 N/A 1.8959999999999999 11.28 N/A 18 18 M Adult 100 Days Adult Adult N/A EH Used Control Animals Kiyono, S. (1975). Sleep Studies In Gunn Rats. [Abstact]. Sleep Research, 4, 227. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 213 Marine Ridgway Et Al., 1975 Halichoerus Grypus Gray Seal 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Abnormal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 6.2 N/A 1.5 4.7 N/A 4 4 N/A N/A 12-18 Months Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH 14 Hour Recording Period According To Berger (1990) Ridgway, S. H., Harrison, R. J., & Joyce, P. L. (1975). Sleep And Cardiac Rhythm In The Gray Seal. Science, 187(4176), 553-555. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 318 Land Ibuka, 1984 Hartley Guinea Pig Hartley Guinea Pig 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 9.3650000000000002 1.282 8.0830000000000002 5 5 N/A 1 Week N/A N/A EH Data From A 12L/12D, 24 Hr Recording Period. Data From Days 2-7 After Surgery; In The Paper, It Was Reported That These Were The Conditions Under Which They Did The Testing Ibuka, N. (1984). Ontogenesis Of Circadian Sleep-wakefulness Rythms And Developmental Changes In The Altrical Rat And In The Precocial Guinea Pig. Behavioural Brain Research, 11, 185-196. Yes No Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 319 Land Ibuka, 1984 Hartley Guinea Pig Hartley Guinea Pig 7 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 9.8149999999999995 1.222 8.593 7 7 N/A 2 Weeks N/A N/A EH Data From 12L/12D, 24 Hr Recording Period. Data From Days 2-7 After Surgery; In The Paper, It Was Reported That These Were The Conditions Under Which They Did The Testing Ibuka, N. (1984). Ontogenesis Of Circadian Sleep-wakefulness Rythms And Developmental Changes In The Altrical Rat And In The Precocial Guinea Pig. Behavioural Brain Research, 11, 185-196. Yes No Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 320 Land Ibuka, 1984 Hartley Guinea Pig Hartley Guinea Pig 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 8.83 1.0349999999999999 7.7949999999999999 8 8 N/A 3 Weeks N/A N/A EH Data From 12L/12D, 24 Hr Recording Period. Data From Days 2-7 After Surgery; In The Paper, It Was Reported That These Were The Conditions Under Which They Did The Testing Ibuka, N. (1984). Ontogenesis Of Circadian Sleep-wakefulness Rythms And Developmental Changes In The Altrical Rat And In The Precocial Guinea Pig. Behavioural Brain Research, 11, 185-196. Yes No Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 321 Land Ibuka, 1984 Hartley Guinea Pig Hartley Guinea Pig 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 9.47 N/A 1.1870000000000001 8.2829999999999995 6 6 N/A 4 Weeks N/A N/A EH Data From 12L/12D, 24 Hr Period. Data From Day 2-7 After Surgery; In The Paper, It Was Reported That These Were The Conditions Under Which They Did The Testing Ibuka, N. (1984). Ontogenesis Of Circadian Sleep-wakefulness Rythms And Developmental Changes In The Altrical Rat And In The Precocial Guinea Pig. Behavioural Brain Research, 11, 185-196. Yes No Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 322 Land Ibuka, 1984 Hartley Guinea Pig Hartley Guinea Pig 15 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 9.1829999999999998 0.92300000000000004 8.26 15 15 N/A Adult N/A N/A EH Data From A 12L/12D, 24 Hr Recording Period. Data From Days 2-7 After Surgery; In The Paper, It Was Reported That These Were The Conditions Under Which They Did The Testing Ibuka, N. (1984). Ontogenesis Of Circadian Sleep-wakefulness Rythms And Developmental Changes In The Altrical Rat And In The Precocial Guinea Pig. Behavioural Brain Research, 11, 185-196. Yes No Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 232 Land Snyder, 1974 Heterohyrax Brucei Hyrax 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 6.6 N/A 0.91200000000000003 5.6879999999999997 N/A 4 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Diurnal; Sex Is Unknown; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Snyder, F. (1974). Sleep-waking Patterns Of Hydracoidea [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 3, 87. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 73 Land Carskadon & Dement, 2006 Human Human N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 8.47 N/A 2.27 6.2 90 N/A 0 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A EH Human Sleep; Age Class Not Specified; Sort Of A Summary Of Overall Human Sleep And Gives A Range Of Percentages, Which We Took The Average Of Carskadon, M. A., & Dement, W. C. (2006). Normal Human Sleep: An Overview. In M. H. Kryger, T. Roth, & W. C. Dement (Eds.), Principles And Practice Of Sleep Medicine (4th Ed., Pp. 13-23). Philadelphia: WB Saunders. No Yes Review Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 194 Marine Mukhametov, 1987 Inia Geoffrensis Amazonian Dolphin 1 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 8.76 N/A N/A 8.76 N/A 1 1 M Infant Several Weeks Infant Infant N/A EH Sea Mammals; 1 Adult Female But Data For Infant Male; Male Injected With Diazepam To Induce Unihemispheric SWS; Sleep % Available For Right Hemi 42%, 31% Left Hemi Mukhametov, L. M. (1987). Unihemispheric Slow-wave Sleep In The Amazonian Dolphin, Inia Geoffrensis. Neuroscience Lettters, 79(1-2), 128-132. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 286 Land Zepelin, 1970 Jaguar Jaguar 2 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 8 10.4 10.8 N/A N/A N/A 2 2 Mix Adult N/A Adult Adult N/A EH N=2 For Both Species; Both Sexes Represented Zepelin, H. (1970). Sleep Of The Jaguar And The Tapir: A Prey-predator Contrast [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 7, 305-306. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin No No 154 Land Lucas & Sterman, 1974 Laboratory Cat Laboratory Cat 18 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 13.151999999999999 5.4480000000000004 3.72 9.4320000000000004 20.4 18 18 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH REM Cycle Duration Given; Campbell & Tobler (1984) Report Illumination Continuous And Species To Be Domestic Cat SN Lucas, E. A., & Sterman, M. B. (1974). The Polycyclic Sleep-wake Cycle In The Cat: Effects Produced By Sensorimotor Rhythm Conditioning. Experimental Neurology, 42, 347-368. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 156 Land Lucas, 1979 Laboratory Cat Laboratory Cat 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 12.12 6 3.48 8.64 N/A 8 8 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH Recording Time Is 48 Hours But Took Sleep Quotas As % Of 24 Hours Lucas, E. A. (1979). Effects Of A Short Light-dark Cycle On The Sleep-wake Patterns Of The Cat. Sleep, 1(3), 299-317. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 238 Land Sterman Et Al., 1965 Laboratory Cat Laboratory Cat 8 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 13.271000000000001 N/A 3.5649999999999999 9.7059999999999995 25.8 8 8 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH Sex Is Not Specified For Sample But Did Mention 8 Male And Female Cats; Scientific Name Was Not Given; Sleep Cycle Is Specified For Activated Period - See Table II; Recording Time Was 23 Hours So Calculated Data According To 23 Hours Sterman, M. B., Knauss, T., Lehmann, D., & Clemente, C. D. (1965). Circadian Sleep And Waking Patterns In The Laboratory Cat. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 19, 509-517. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 323 Marine Goley, 1993 Lagenorhynchus Obliquidens White-sided Dolphin 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 7 1 1 M Adult N/A N/A EH Paper Talks About 3 Female Sub-adults As Well, But Data Is Only For The Adult Male. Goley, D. G. (1993). Behavioral Aspects Of Sleep In Pacific White-sided Dolphins (Lagenorhynchus Obliquidens, Gill 1865). Marine Mammal Science, 15(4), 1054-1064. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 218 Land Ruckebusch, 1962 Lamb Lamb 3 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 9 12.156000000000001 N/A 1.823 10.333 N/A 3 3 N/A Juvenile 8 Days Infant Infant N/A EH In French Ruckebusch, Y. (1962). [Post-natal Development Of Sleep In Ruminants]. Comptes Rendus Des Seances De La Societe De Biologie Et De Ses Filiales, 156, 1869-1873. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 32 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1978B Lemur Macaco Fulvus In French 1 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 9.6479999999999997 N/A 0.84 8.8079999999999998 N/A 1 1 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; Data Matched Elgar Et Al. 1988; Changed Daily_PS From .338 To .84; Quiet Sleep Changed From 9.3103 To 8.808 Balzamo, E., Vuillon-Cacciuttolo, G., Petter, J., & Bert, J. (1978B). Etats De Vigiliance Chez Deux Lemuridae: Rhythmes EEG Et Organization Obtenus Par Telemesure. Wake Sleep, 2, 237-245. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 70 Land Campbell & Tobler, 1984 Lemur Macaco Fulvus Lemur 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 9.4 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Current Data From Campbell & Tobler, 1984; References Vuillon-Cacciuttolo Et Al.,. 1976; We Don't Have The Original Paper And Couldn't Obtain It Through ILL Campbell, S. S., & Tobler, I. (1984). Animal Sleep: A Review Of Sleep Duration Across Phylogeny. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Review, 8, 269-300. No Yes Review Paper Not from Zepelin No No 33 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1978B Lemur Mongoz Mongoz In French 1 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 10 11.88 N/A 0.72 11.16 N/A 1 1 F Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; Data Match Elgar Et Al. 1988; Zepelin & Rechtschaffen, 1974 Have Data, But We Calculated Something Different; Zepelin Obtained Data From Balzamo Et Al., 1978; Recordng Time Is 24 Hrs Balzamo, E., Vuillon-Cacciuttolo, G., Petter, J., & Bert, J. (1978B). Etats De Vigiliance Chez Deux Lemuridae: Rhythmes EEG Et Organization Obtenus Par Telemesure. Wake Sleep, 2, 237-245. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 148 Land Kurt, 1960 Loxodonta Africana Elephant 7 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 5 3.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 7 7 Mix Adult 8 Years Juvenile Juvenile Mono EH In French; 8-13 Hour Recording Period; Data Entered Are From Zepelin & Rechtschaffen (1974); Campbell & Tobler (1984) Have Same Data As Zepelin (1989) Kurt, F. (1960). Le Sommeil Es Elephants. Mammalia, 24, 259-272. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin Yes No 3 Land Affani, 1972 Lutreolina Crassicaudata Not Given In Paper 20 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 9 19.391999999999999 N/A 6.5350999999999999 12.856999999999999 N/A 20 20 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Age Is Unclear Affanni, J. (1972). Observations On The Sleep Of Some South American Marsupials And Edenates. Perspectives In Brain Science, 1, 21-23. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 150 Land Leinonen & Stenberg, 1986 Macaca Arctoides Monkey 2 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 9 9 N/A 1.38 7.65 50 2 2 Mix Adult 7 Years And 16 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Sleep Quotas Calculated For Control Nights; 12 Hr. Rec. Time Leinonen, L., & Stenberg, D. (1986). Sleep In Macaca Arctoides And The Effects Of Prazosin. Physiology & Behavior, 37(2), 199-202. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 151 Land Leinonen & Stenberg, 1986 Macaca Arctoides Monkey 1 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 9 9.24 N/A 1.08 8.16 50 1 1 M Adult 7 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Sleep Quotas Calculated For Control Nights; 1 Male; Data Are For A 4 Year Old Male Is Available, But It Seemed More Like An Adolescent And Not A Juvenile; We Already Have It Calc. And Can Enter It If Necessary; 12 Hr. Rec. Time Leinonen, L., & Stenberg, D. (1986). Sleep In Macaca Arctoides And The Effects Of Prazosin. Physiology & Behavior, 37(2), 199-202. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 152 Land Leinonen & Stenberg, 1986 Macaca Arctoides Monkey 1 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 9 8.76 N/A 1.68 7.08 50 1 1 F Adult 16 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Sleep Quotas Calculated For Control Nights; 1 Female; 12 Hr. Rec. Time Leinonen, L., & Stenberg, D. (1986). Sleep In Macaca Arctoides And The Effects Of Prazosin. Physiology & Behavior, 37(2), 199-202. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 34 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1998 Macaca Mulatta Rhesus Monkey 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 10 8.9472000000000005 N/A 0.97499999999999998 7.9722 N/A 6 6 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In Epochs B/c % Agreement W/video And EEG Recordings; Average Between Light And Dark Period; Only Took #s For EEG Recordings Balzamo, E., Van Beers, P., & D. Lagarde. (1998). Scoring Of Sleep And Wakefulness By Behavioral Analysis From Video Recordings In Rhesus Monkeys: Comparison With Conventional EEG Analysis. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 106, 206-212. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 59 Land Bert Et Al., 1970A Macaca Mulatta Rhesus 12 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 7 8 N/A 1.24 6.76 N/A 12 12 N/A Adolescent 2-4 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH 8 Hr Recording Period Bert, J., Pegram, V., Rhodes, J. M., Balzamo, E., & Naquet, R. (1970a). A Comparative Sleep Study Of Two Cercopithecinae. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 28(1), 32-40. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No Yes 86 Land Crowley Et Al., 1972 Macaca Mulatta Monkey 34 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 11.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 34 34 M N/A N/A N/A Unknown Mono EH We Could Not Extract Data B/c Sleep Stages Plotted In A Graph; Current Data Are From Campbell & Tobler (1984) And Has Species As Rhesus Monkey; Age Is Unclear; Did Not Specify Adult Or Juv Crowley, T. J., Kripke, D. F., Halberg, F., Pegram, G.V., & Schildkraut, J. J. (1972). Circadian Rhythms Of Macaca Mulatta: Sleep, EEG, Body And Eye Movement, And Temperature. Primates, 13, 149-168. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 147 Land Kripke Et Al., 1968 Macaca Mulatta Rhesus Monkey 10 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 8 6.4 N/A 0.96 5.44 51 10 10 Mix Juvenile 2.7-5 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Used Recording Time Of 8 Hours Since They Were Monitored For 7-9 Hours At Night Kripke, D. F., Reite, M. L., Pegram, M. L., Stevens, L. M., & Lewis, O. E. (1968). Nocturnal Sleep In Rhesus Monkeys. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 24(6), 582-586. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 215 Land Robinson Et Al., 2003 Macaca Mulatta Rhesus Monkey 6 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 11.52 N/A 3.12 8.4 N/A 6 6 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH None Robinson, E. L., Hsieh, J. K., & Fuller, C. A. (2003). A Primate Model Of Sleep Regulation [Abstract]. Sleep, 26(Suppl.), A391. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 243 Land Swett, 1969 Macaca Mulatta Rhesus Monkey 16 No No At least 24 hours Abnormal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 5 0.48 N/A N/A N/A N/A 16 16 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Observed For 8 Hours/day; Data Quality Score From Abstract And Based On Observational Data; Age Is Not Given So Do Not Know If Adult Or Juv Swett, C. (1969). Daytime Sleep Aptterns In Free-ranging Rhesus Monkeys [Abstract]. Psychophysiology, 6, 227. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 281 Land Weitzman Et Al., 1965 Macaca Mulatta Macaca Mulatta Monkey 4 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 6 5.7507999999999999 N/A 1.0874999999999999 4.6631999999999998 47 4 4 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Data Based On N=4; Recording Time Is 6 Hours; Age Is Not Given; Does Not State Adult Or Juv Weitzman, E. D., Kripke, D. F., Pollack, C., & Domingues, J. (1965). Cyclic Activity In Sleep Of Macaca Mulatta. Archives Of Neurology, 12, 463-467. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 37 Land Batini Et Al., 1967 Macaca Nemestrina Monkey 3 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 13.968 N/A 0.92200000000000004 13.045999999999999 N/A 3 3 Mix N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH Data Obtained From Normal Conditions And Not Split Brain; Therefore, N=3; Unclear If Adults Or Juvs Batini, C., Radulovacki, M., Kado, R. T., & Adey, W. R. (1967). Effect Of Interhemispheric Transection On The EEG Patterns In Sleep And Wakefulness In Monkeys. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 22, 101-112. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 135 Land Kaemingk & Reite, 1987 Macaca Nemestrina Pigtail Monkey Infant 7 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 7.8449999999999998 N/A 0.84499999999999997 7 N/A 7 7 F Infant 221 Days N/A Infant N/A EH Females Only Kaemingk, K., & Reite, M. (1987). Social Environment And Nocturnal Sleep: Studies In Peer-reared Monkeys. Sleep, 10, 542-550. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 136 Land Kaemingk & Reite, 1987 Macaca Nemestrina Pigtail Monkey Infant 11 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 8.2249999999999996 N/A 1.4275 7.15 N/A 11 11 Mix Infant 221 Days N/A Infant N/A EH Averaged Male And Female Data Kaemingk, K., & Reite, M. (1987). Social Environment And Nocturnal Sleep: Studies In Peer-reared Monkeys. Sleep, 10, 542-550. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 137 Land Kaemingk & Reite, 1987 Macaca Nemestrina Pigtail Monkey Infant 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 12 8.43 N/A 2.01 7.3 N/A 4 4 M Infant 221 Days N/A Infant N/A EH Males Only Kaemingk, K., & Reite, M. (1987). Social Environment And Nocturnal Sleep: Studies In Peer-reared Monkeys. Sleep, 10, 542-550. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 210 Land Reite Et Al., 1965 Macaca Nemestrina Pigtail Monkey 6 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 8 7.83 1.33 1.02 6.81 80 6 6 M Young Adult Young Adult N/A Unclassified Mono EH Rec. Time Is 14.5 Hours. In Fig.4 (top Right) TST=9.17; Quotas Based On % In Figure 4 And Page 137. % Of Drowsiness On 9.17 TST Was Subtratcted For Our Estimate Of TST And QS Reite, M. L., Rhodes, J. M., Kavan, E., & Adey, W. R. (1965). Normal Sleep Patterns In Macaque Monkey. Archives Of Neurology, 12, 133-144. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 211 Land Reite Et Al., 1976 Macaca Nemestrina Monkey 8 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 9.05 9.3 1.5 7.55 16 8 8 N/A Infant 26.1 Weeks N/A Infant N/A EH 12 Hour Recording; Nocturnal Sleep Only Reite, M., Stynes, A. J., Vaughn, L., Pauley, J. D., & Short, R. A. (1976). Sleep In Infant Monkeys: Normal Values And Behavioral Correlates. Physiology & Behavior, 16, 245-251. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 61 Land Bert Et Al., 1972 Macaca Radiata Bonnet Macaque 5 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 8 8.9309999999999992 N/A 1.004 7.9269999999999996 N/A 5 5 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; 10.5 Hr Recording Period (ARL Sample); Record Has Been Split To Account For Recording Time Difference Bert, J., Pegram, V., & Balzamo, E. (1972). Comparison Du Sommeil De Deux Macaques (Macaca Radiata Et Macaca Mulatta). Folia Primal, 17, 202-208. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 62 Land Bert Et Al., 1972 Macaca Radiata Bonnet Macaque 4 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 9 9.3350000000000009 N/A 1.105 8.23 N/A 4 4 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; 13 Hr Recording Period (Marseilles Sample); Record Has Been Split To Account For Recording Time Difference Bert, J., Pegram, V., & Balzamo, E. (1972). Comparison Du Sommeil De Deux Macaques (Macaca Radiata Et Macaca Mulatta). Folia Primal, 17, 202-208. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes No 65 Land Bert, 1970 Macaca Radiata Bonnet Macaque 4 Yes No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 8 8.8949999999999996 N/A 1 7.8949999999999996 N/A 4 4 F Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH In French; 13 Hr Rec Time Bert, J. (1970). Adaptation Du Sommeil Aux Conditions Experimentales D’enregistrement Chez Deux Cercopithecinae (Papio Papio Et Macaca Radiata). Proceeding Of 3rd International Congress On Primatology, 2, 49-53. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin Yes No 209 Land Reite & Short, 1985 Macaca Radiata Bonnet Macaque 6 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 11 8.93 9.25 1.667 7.2670000000000003 N/A 6 6 N/A Infant 26.1 Weeks Infant Infant N/A EH 12 Hr. Rec. Time; Paper States Includes Nocturnal Sleep Only Reite, M., & Short, R. (1985). Behavior And Physiology In Young Bonnet Monkeys. Developmental & Psychobiology, 19(6), 567-579. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 119 Land Gonzalez Et Al., 1979 Macaca Sylvana Not Given In Paper 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 9 11.742000000000001 N/A 1.0667 10.675000000000001 31.1 8 8 Mix Adult 4-6 Y Adult Adult N/A EH Male And Female; 4 Of Each; Data Not Separated By Sex Gonzalez, F. F., Zaplana, J., Ruiz De Elvira, C., & Delgado, J. M. (1979). Nocturnal And Diurnal Sleep In Macaca Sylvana. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 46(1), 13-28. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 182 Land Miller & South, 1981 Marmota Flaviventris Yellow Bellied Marmot 7 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 3.92 N/A 0.58 3.34 N/A 7 7 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A IC Animals Were Entering Hibernation And Temperatures Varied; Total Recording Time Is 5.4 Hours (page 991) - IC Calculated The Quotas, EH Checked The Lab Scores Miller, V. M., & South, F. E. (1981). Entry Into Hibernation In M. Flaviventris: Sleep And Behavioral Thermoregulation. Physiology & Behavior, 27(6), 989-993. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 76 Land Cicala Et Al., 1970 Megaleia Rufa Red Kangaroo 2 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 7 1.87 N/A 0.48130000000000001 1.3887 14.75 2 2 F Adult 3 Years And 10 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Paper Reports That Animals Were Observed From 10.00 To 15.30 Hours On 4 Days; We Calculated The Observation Time To 5.5 Hours And Have Reported Sleep Values Based On This Estimate. SN Cicala, G. A., Albert, I. B., & Ulmer, F. A., Jr. (1970). Sleep And Other Behaviors Of The Red Kangaroo (Megaleia Rufa). Animal Behavior, 18, 787-790. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 77 Land Cicala Et Al., 1970 Megaleia Rufa Red Kangaroo 2 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 7 2.6345000000000001 N/A 0.45379999999999998 2.1806999999999999 13 2 2 F N/A 9 Months And 14 Months Infant & Juvenile Infant & Juvenile N/A EH Paper Reports That Animals Were Observed From 10.00 To 15.30 Hours On 4 Days; We Calculated The Observation Time To 5.5 Hours And Have Reported Sleep Values Based On This Estimate; Does Not Specify If Juvenile Cicala, G. A., Albert, I. B., & Ulmer, F. A., Jr. (1970). Sleep And Other Behaviors Of The Red Kangaroo (Megaleia Rufa). Animal Behavior, 18, 787-790. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 78 Land Cicala Et Al., 1970 Megaleia Rufa Red Kangaroo 1 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 7 2.0844999999999998 N/A 1.2649999999999999 0.81950000000000001 10 1 1 M N/A 3 Months Infant Infant N/A EH Paper Reports That Animals Were Observed From 10.00 To 15.30 Hours On 4 Days; We Calculated The Observation Time To 5.5 Hours And Have Reported Sleep Values Based On This Estimate; Does Not Specify If Infant Or Juv Cicala, G. A., Albert, I. B., & Ulmer, F. A., Jr. (1970). Sleep And Other Behaviors Of The Red Kangaroo (Megaleia Rufa). Animal Behavior, 18, 787-790. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 16 Land Ambrosini Et Al., 1994 Meriones Unguiculatus Mongolian Gerbil 25 Yes No At least 24 hours Abnormal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 6 3.0333000000000001 N/A 0.22 2.8167 N/A 25 25 M Adult 2-3 Months Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Recording Time Is 6 Hours Ambrosini, M.V., Gambelunghe, C., Mariucci, G., Bruschelli, G., Adami, M., & Guiditta, A. (1994). Sleep-wake Variables And EEG Power Spectra In Mongolian Gerbils And Wistar Rats. Physiology & Behavior, 56(5), 963-968. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 143 Land Kastaniotis & Kaplan, 1976 Meriones Unguiculatus Mongolian Gerbil 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 15.288 N/A 1.6756 13.612 N/A 8 8 M N/A 1 Year Adult Adult Poly EH Age Is Unclear; Did Not Specify If Adult Or Juv Kastaniotis, C. & Kaplan, P. (1976). Sleep And Wakefulness In The Mongolian Gerbil Meriones Unguiculalus [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 5, 96. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 242 Land Susic & Masirevic, 1986 Meriones Unguiculatus Mongolian Gerbil 9 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 13.066000000000001 N/A 1.1817 5.9831000000000003 7.8 9 9 Mix Adult 1 Year Adult Adult N/A EH Both Sexes; Sleep Data Based On Average Of Light And Dark Cycles; Data Not Separated According To Sex; Species More Active At Transitions Between Light And Dark Susic, V., & Masirevic, G. (1986). Sleep Patterns In The Mongolian Gerbil (Meriones Unguilculatus). Physiology & Behavior, 37, 257-261. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 252 Land Tobler & Jaggi, 1987 Mesocricetus Auratus Syrian Hamster 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 15.528 N/A 3.6465000000000001 11.881 N/A 6 6 M Adult N/A N/A Adult Poly EH Data Were Averaged Over Photoperiods Tobler, I., & Jaggi, K. (1987). Sleep And EEG Spectra In The Syrian Hamster (Mesocricetus Auratus) Under Baseline Conditions And Following Sleep Deprivation. Journal Of Comparative Physiology, A, 161(3), 449-459. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 276 Land Van Twyver, 1969 Mesocricetus Auratus Hamster 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 14.423999999999999 N/A 3.3752 11.048999999999999 11.6 6 6 M Adult >18 Months Adult Adult Poly EH Campbell & Tobler (1984) Have Species Listed As Golden Hamster Van Twyver, H. (1969). Sleep Patterns In Five Rodent Species. Physiology & Behavior, 4, 901-905. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 36 Land Barre & Petter-Rousseaux, 1988 Microcebus Murinus Nocturnal Malagasy Prosimian 4 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 9 15.36 N/A 0.98899999999999999 14.371 N/A 4 4 F N/A 3-5 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Took Data From Longest Sleep Bout; Sleep Divided Into Different Months And Seasons; N Originally 20; Sample On Only 4; Did Not Specify If Ages Are Juv Or Adult Barre, V., & Petter-Rousseaux, A. (1988). Seasonal Variations In Sleep-wake Cycle In Microcebus Murinus. Primates, 19(2), 53-64. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 48 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Microtus Canicaudus Gray-tailed Vole 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 10.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult Poly EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 49 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Microtus Montanus Montane Vole 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 11.422000000000001 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult Poly EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 50 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Microtus Ochrogaster Prairie Vole 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 15.37 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult Poly EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 42 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Microtus Pennsylvanicus Meadow Vole 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 13.736000000000001 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult Poly EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 74 Marine Castellini Et Al., 1994 Mirounga Angustirostris Northern Elephant Seal 12 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 8 4.5 N/A 0.5 4 N/A 12 12 N/A Pup 4 Months Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Recording Time Is More Than 12 Hours But Pups Were Observed On Dry Conditions For About 10 Hours; Wet Conditions = 4.5 Hours; Data Here Are For Dry Conditions Only Castellini, M. A., Milsom, W. K., Berger, R. J., Costa, D. P., Jones, D. R., Castellini, J. M., Et Al. (1994). Patterns Of Respiration And Heart-rate During Wakefulness And Sleep In Elephant Seal Pups. American Journal Of Physiology, 266(3 Part 2), R863-R869. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 183 Marine Milsom Et Al., 1996 Mirounga Angustirostris Northern Elephant Seal 10 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 2 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 5.6 N/A 0.6 4.8 N/A 10 10 N/A Pup 4 Months Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH 12 Hr. Rec. Time; States That Mammals Are Seal Pups; Does Not State Immature Or Juvenile In Paper Milsom, W., Castellin, M., Harris, M., Castellini, J., Jones, D., Berger, R., Et Al. (1996). Effects Of Hypoxia And Hypercapnia On Patterns Of Sleep-associated Apnea In Elephant Seal Pups. American Journal Of Physiology, 271, R1017-R1024. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 244 Land Takahashi Et Al., 1981 Mongrel And Beagle Mongrel And Beagle 10 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 11.598000000000001 N/A 3.2982999999999998 8.3 N/A 10 10 M N/A 1.5-4 Years Adult Adult Poly EH Original Paper States A 28-hour Recording Period, But Data Are Available For 24-hours; Does Not Specify If Adult Or Juv Takahashi, Y., Ebihara, S., Nakamura, Y., & Takahashi, K. (1981). A Model Of Human Sleep-related Growth Hormone Secretion In Dogs: Effects Of 3, 6, And 12 Hours Of Wakefulness On Plasma Growth Hormone, Cortisol, And Sleep Stages. Endocrinology, 109(1), 262-272. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 51 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Mus Musculus House Mice 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 8.2463999999999995 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult N/A EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 212 Land Richardson Et Al., 1985 Mus Musculus C57BL/10J Strain 10 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 10.968 N/A 1.8240000000000001 9.1440000000000001 N/A 10 10 M N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Used Alternating LD Condition For Data; Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Richardson, G. S., Moore-Ede, M. C., Czeisler, C. A., & Dement, W. C. (1985). Circadian Rhythms Of Sleep And Wakefulness In Mice: Analysis Using Long-term Automated Recording Of Sleep. American Journal Of Physiology-Regulatory, Integration & Comparative Physiology, 248(3 Pt 2), R320-R330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 275 Land Van Twyver, 1969 Mus Musculus Mouse (L.R.I. Strain) 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 13.151999999999999 N/A 1.2625999999999999 11.89 12.3 6 6 M Adult >18 Months Adult Adult Poly EH None Van Twyver, H. (1969). Sleep Patterns In Five Rodent Species. Physiology & Behavior, 4, 901-905. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 130 Land Jha Et Al., 2006 Mustela Putorius Furo Ferret 4 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 15.42 N/A 4.8743999999999996 10.545999999999999 N/A 4 4 M N/A 3-5 Months Juvenile Juvenile Poly EH Males Only; Aged 3-5 Months; Juv Or Adult Not Said Explicitly Jha, S. K., Coleman, T., & Frank, M. G. (2006). Sleep And Sleep Regulation In The Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo). Behavioural Brain Research, 172, 106-113. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 131 Land Jha Et Al., 2006 Mustela Putorius Furo Ferret 4 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 15.113 N/A 4.6319999999999997 10.481 N/A 4 4 F N/A 3-5 Months And 21 Months Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile Poly EH Data For Females Only; Juv Or Adult Not Said Explicitly Jha, S. K., Coleman, T., & Frank, M. G. (2006). Sleep And Sleep Regulation In The Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo). Behavioural Brain Research, 172, 106-113. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 132 Land Jha Et Al., 2006 Mustela Putorius Furo Ferret 8 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 9 15.266 N/A 4.7531999999999996 10.513 N/A 8 8 Mix N/A 3-5 Months And 21 Months Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile Poly EH Data Averaged For Males And Females; 7 Subjects 3-5 Months. 1 Female 21 Months; Juv Or Adult Not Said Explicitly Jha, S. K., Coleman, T., & Frank, M. G. (2006). Sleep And Sleep Regulation In The Ferret (Mustela Putorius Furo). Behavioural Brain Research, 172, 106-113. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 177 Land Marks & Shaffery, 1996 Mustela Putorius Furo Ferret 2 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 14.496 N/A 5.8559999999999999 8.64 13.2 2 2 M Adult 3 Months - 2.5 Years Adult & Juvenile Adult & Juvenile N/A EH Sleep Time Averaged For Long Wake (16.7 Min) And All Wake Removed (13.2 Min); 2 Males Studied From A; Includes Juvenile Because Recordings Take Place Over 2.5 Years. With Only 9 Recordings; Sleep Cycle For All Wake Removed; Subspp Furo SN Marks, G. A., & Shaffery, J. P. (1996). A Preliminary Study Of Sleep In The Ferret, Mustela Putorius Furo: A Carnivore With An Extremely High Proportion Of REM Sleep. Sleep, 19(2), 83-93. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 283 Land Zepelin & Rechtschaffen, 1974 Myotis Lurifugus Bat N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 19.9 N/A 2 17.9 12 N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A Adult Adult N/A EH Zepelin & Rechtschaffen (1974) Refers To Personal Communication With Brebbia (1971); Brebbia (1972) - We Were Not Able To Extract Data Because We Did Not Know The Recording Time MR Zepelin, H., & Rechtschaffen, A. (1974). Mammalian Sleep, Longevity, And Energy Metabolism. Brain, Behavior & Evolution, 10(6), 425-470. No Yes Review Paper From Zepelin No No 43 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Neofiber Alleni Round-tailed Muskrat 9 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 14.606999999999999 N/A N/A N/A N/A 9 9 M N/A 5 To 44 Months Adult Adult Poly EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 5 To 44 Months; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 83 Land Crowcroft, 1954 Neomys Fodiens Water Shrew 1 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 13.6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown Poly EH Tables Are Presented, But There Are No Actual Numbers For Sleep Stages; Age Is Unclear; Did Not Specify Adult Or Juv; Obtained From Campbell & Tobler, 1984 Crowcroft, P. (1954). The Daily Cycle Of Activity In British Shrews. Proceedings Of The Zoological Society Of London, 123, 715-729. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 24 Land Ayala-Guerrero Et Al., 1998 Neotomodon Alstoni Alstoni Volcano Mouse 5 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 10 17.303999999999998 N/A 1.8140000000000001 15.49 N/A 5 5 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Subspp Neotomodon Alstoni Alstoni Ayala-Guerrero, F., Vargas-Reyna, L., Ramos, J. I., & Mexicano, G. (1998). Sleep Patterns Of The Volcano Mouse (Neotomodon Alstoni Alstoni). Physiology & Behavior, 64(4), 577-580. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 207 Land Pivik Et Al., 1986 New Zealand White Rabbit New Zealand White Rabbit 10 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 11 8.4474 2.9525999999999999 1.0944 7.3529999999999998 24.9 10 10 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH None Pivik, R. T., Bylsma, F. W., & Cooper, P. (1986). Sleep-wakefulness Rhythms In The Rabbit. Behavioral & Neural Biology, 45(3), 275-286. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 237 Land Spies Et Al., 1970 New Zealand White Rabbit New Zealand White Rabbit 2 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 8.8 N/A N/A N/A N/A 2 2 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH We Did Not Obtain Data B/c Rabbits Were Treated With Sex Steroids And We Could Not Located The Baseline Data; Current Data Are From Campbell & Tobler (1984); Age Is Unclear; Not Sure If Adult Or Juv Spies, H. G., Whitmayer, D. I., & Sawyer, C. H. (1970). Patterns Of Spontaneous And Induced Paradoxical Sleep In Intact And Hypophysectomized Rabbits. Brain Research, 18, 155-164. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 19 Land Aristakesian, 1997 Non-inbred Wistar Rat Non-inbred Wistar Rat 29 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 0 6 2.4687000000000001 N/A 0.153 2.3157000000000001 N/A 29 29 N/A Pup 2-4 Days Infant Infant N/A EH Used Data In Table For Wistar Rats Aged 2-4 Days; Recording Time Is 3 Hours; Refers To Rats As Rat Pups; Does Not Specify Infant Or Juvenile Aristakesian, E. A. (1997). Comparative Neurophysiological Analysis Of The Waking-sleeping Cycle During The Early Postnatal Ontogeny In Rats And Guinea Pigs. Journal Of Evolutionary Biochemistry & Physiology, 33(6), 545-550. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No Yes 250 Land Tenaza Et Al., 1969 Nycticebus Coucang Slow Loris 6 No No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 7 11 N/A N/A N/A N/A 6 6 Mix Adult >3 Months N/A Unclassified Mono EH Reports Sleeping Posture; Only Able To Calculate TST Because Said Slept From One Time To The Next,. Which Totaled 11 Hours; No Other Sleep Data Available; Age Absolute Reported As At Least 3 Months Tenaza, R., Ross, B. A., Tanticharoenyos, P., & Berkson, G. (1969). Individual Behaviour And Activity Rhythms Of Captive Slow Lorises (Nycticebus Coucang). Animal Behavior, 17, 664-669. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 181 Land Mendelson, 1982 Octagon Degu Degu 6 Yes No At least 24 hours Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 7 6.9134000000000002 N/A 0.51670000000000005 6.3982999999999999 N/A 6 6 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH 8 Hour Recording Period Mendelson, W. B. (1982). The Octagon Degu: A Diurnal Small Mammal For Sleep Studies [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 11, 89. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 100 Land Fischer Et Al., 1980 Octodon Degus Hystricomorph Rodent 8 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 8 8 Mix Infant 1 Week Infant Infant N/A EH Both Sexes Combined For Infants Fischer, R. B. & Meunier, G. F. (1980). Effects Of Enclosure Size On Activity And Sleep Of A Hystricomorph Rodent (Octodon Degus). Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 16(4), 273-275. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 101 Land Fischer Et Al., 1980 Octodon Degus Hystricomorph Rodent 4 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.96 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 4 M Infant 1 Week Infant Infant N/A EH Males; Took Data From Large Enclosure Condition Fischer, R. B. & Meunier, G. F. (1980). Effects Of Enclosure Size On Activity And Sleep Of A Hystricomorph Rodent (Octodon Degus). Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 16(4), 273-275. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 102 Land Fischer Et Al., 1980 Octodon Degus Hystricomorph Rodent 4 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 5.04 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 4 F Infant 1 Week Infant Infant N/A EH Females; Took Data From Large Enclosure Condition Fischer, R. B. & Meunier, G. F. (1980). Effects Of Enclosure Size On Activity And Sleep Of A Hystricomorph Rodent (Octodon Degus). Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 16(4), 273-275. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 103 Land Fischer Et Al., 1980 Octodon Degus Hystricomorph Rodent 8 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.12 N/A N/A N/A N/A 8 8 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Both Sexes Combined For Adults Fischer, R. B. & Meunier, G. F. (1980). Effects Of Enclosure Size On Activity And Sleep Of A Hystricomorph Rodent (Octodon Degus). Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 16(4), 273-275. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 104 Land Fischer Et Al., 1980 Octodon Degus Hystricomorph Rodent 4 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6.24 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 4 M Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Males; Took Data From Large Enclosure Condition Fischer, R. B. & Meunier, G. F. (1980). Effects Of Enclosure Size On Activity And Sleep Of A Hystricomorph Rodent (Octodon Degus). Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 16(4), 273-275. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 105 Land Fischer Et Al., 1980 Octodon Degus Hystricomorph Rodent 4 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 6 N/A N/A N/A N/A 4 4 F Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Females; Took Data From Large Enclosure Condition Fischer, R. B. & Meunier, G. F. (1980). Effects Of Enclosure Size On Activity And Sleep Of A Hystricomorph Rodent (Octodon Degus). Bulletin Of The Psychonomic Society, 16(4), 273-275. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 142 Land Kas & Edgar, 1998 Octodon Degus South American Hystricomorph Rodent 6 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 0 10 9.0239999999999991 N/A 0.81599999999999995 8.2080000000000002 N/A 6 6 M Adult 10-12 Months Adult Adult N/A EH Data For Without Wheel Entered Here; Males Aged 10-12 Months Kas, M. J., & Edgar, D. M. (1998). Crepuscular Rhythms Of EEG Sleep-wake In A Hystricomorph Rodent, Octodon Degus. Journal Of Biological Rhythms, 13(1), 9-17. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 128 Land Immelman & Gebbing, 1962 Okapi Johnnstoni Okapi 1 No No N/A Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 6 N/A N/A 1 N/A N/A 1 1 N/A N/A N/A N/A Unknown N/A EH In German; Data Quality Score From Paper; Sleep Quotas From Zepelin (1989) Immelman, K., & Gebbing, H. (1962). Schlaf Bei Giraffiden. Z Tierpsychol, 19, 84-92. No Yes Scientific Paper From Zepelin Yes No 40 Land Baumgardner Et Al., 1980 Onychomys Leucogaster Northern Grasshopper Mouse 12 No No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 9 14.525 N/A N/A N/A N/A 12 12 M N/A 90-120 Days Adult Adult Mono EH TS Only; Took % Of Day And Night And Combined Totals; Do Not Know Exact Age B/c Gave Range Of 90-120 Days; 16hr/8hr Reverse Schedule; Females Excluded Baumgardner, D. J., Ward, S. E., & Dewsbury, D. A. (1980). Diurnal Patterning Of Eight Activities In 14 Species Of Muroid Rodents. Animal Learning & Behavior, 8, 322-330. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 107 Marine Flanigan, 1975A Orcinus Orca Killer Whale 2 No No 2 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 8 1.3 N/A N/A N/A 9.6 2 2 Mix N/A 7-12 Years Adult Adult N/A EH Male And Female; 1 Of Each; No Sleep Quotas; Behavioral Data Reported Only; Current Data From Campbell & Tobler,. 1984; 12-13 Hr Recording Period; Does Not Specify If 7 Years Old Is An Adult Or Juv Flanigan, W. F. (1975a). More Nocturnal Observations Of Captive Small Cetaceans. I. The Killer Whale, Orcinus Orca [Abstract]. Sleep Research, 4, 139. No Yes Abstract Not from Zepelin No No 227 Land Siegel Et Al., 1999 Ornithorhynchus Anatinus Duck-billed Platypus 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions No Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 12 14.2 N/A 5.4 8.2 N/A 4 4 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Avg. Of Low And High Voltage; Combined Male And Female; 1 Male. 3 Female; See Table 1 About TS; Data Are Not Separated According To Sex Siegel, J. M., Manger, P. R., Nienhuis, R., Fahringer, H. M., Shalita, T., & Pettigrew, J. D. (1999). Sleep In The Platypus. Neuroscience, 91(1), 391-400. Yes Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 161 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 1994 Otari Byronia Southern Sea Lion 3 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 0 10 5.9279999999999999 N/A 2.3279999999999998 3.6 33 3 3 F N/A 1 Year Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv; Also Known As Otaria Flavescens Lyamin, O. I., Mukhametov, L. M., Chetyrbok, I. S., & Vassiliev, A. V. (1994). Sleep And Wakefulness In Southern Sea Lions (Otari Byronia). Journal Of Sleep Research, 3(suppl 1), 152. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 166 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 2002C Otaria Byronia Southern Sea Lion 3 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 5.9279999999999999 N/A 2.3279999999999998 3.6 32.8 3 3 F Yearling 1 Year Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Females Only; Either Otaria Byronia Or Otaria Flavescens Were Used; Does Not Speicify Adult Or Juv; Body Weight Not Given Lyamin, O. I., Mukhametov, L. M., Chetyrbok, I. S., & Vassiliev, A. V. (2002C). Sleep And Wakefulness In The Southern Sea Lion. Behavioural Brain Research, 128, 129-138. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 174 Marine Lyamin, 1993 Pagophilus Groenlandica Harp Seal 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 5.2679999999999998 N/A 0.66 4.6079999999999997 N/A 2 2 M Young 3-5 Months Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Males Only; Paper Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv; States Young Harp Seals Lyamin, O. I. (1993). Sleep In The Harp Seal (Pagophilus Groenlandica). Comparisons Of Sleep On Land And In Water. Journal Of Sleep Research, 2, 170-174. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 175 Marine Lyamin, 1993 Pagophilus Groenlandica Harp Seal 4 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 5.9279999999999999 N/A 0.76800000000000002 5.16 N/A 4 4 Mix Young 3-5 Months Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Data Are For Combined Males And Females; Data Are Separated By Sex; Paper Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv; States Young Harp Seals; On Land Only Lyamin, O. I. (1993). Sleep In The Harp Seal (Pagophilus Groenlandica). Comparisons Of Sleep On Land And In Water. Journal Of Sleep Research, 2, 170-174. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 176 Marine Lyamin, 1993 Pagophilus Groenlandica Harp Seal 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 6.54 N/A 0.85199999999999998 5.6879999999999997 N/A 2 2 F Young 3-5 Months Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH Sea Mammals; Females Only; Paper Does Not Specify Adult Or Juv; States Young Harp Seals; On Land Only Lyamin, O. I. (1993). Sleep In The Harp Seal (Pagophilus Groenlandica). Comparisons Of Sleep On Land And In Water. Journal Of Sleep Research, 2, 170-174. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 159 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 1989 Pagophylus Groenlandica Harp Seal 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 11 10.608000000000001 N/A 1.92 8.6880000000000006 18.8 2 2 N/A Pup 10 Days Infant Infant N/A EH In Russian; Sea Mammals; White Pups Lyamin, O. I., Oleksenko, A. I., & Polyakova, I. G. (1989). [Sleep And Wakefulness In Pups Of Harp Seal (Pagophylus Groenlandica)]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 39(6), 1061-1069. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin Yes Yes 160 Marine Lyamin Et Al., 1989 Pagophylus Groenlandica Harp Seal 2 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions N/A Normal Extreme temperatures N/A 1 11 8.1839999999999993 N/A 1.776 6.4080000000000004 17.5 2 2 N/A Pup 1 Month Juvenile Juvenile N/A EH In Russian; Sea Mammals; Gray Pups Lyamin, O. I., Oleksenko, A. I., & Polyakova, I. G. (1989). [Sleep And Wakefulness In Pups Of Harp Seal (Pagophylus Groenlandica)]. [Russian] Zh Vyssh Nerv Deiat Im I P Pavlova, 39(6), 1061-1069. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No Yes 60 Land Bert Et Al., 1970B Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes And Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthi Chimpanzee 3 Yes Telemetry / Radiotelemetry Used 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures No 1 13 9.6669999999999998 N/A 1.45 8.2170000000000005 N/A 3 3 Mix Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH Data Averaged For 3 Chimps; Different Names For Chimps: Males (Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes) And Female (Pan Troglodytes Schweinfurthi); Data Different From Pegram 1972; Made Notation In Notes Of Data From Pegram 1972; Paper States 3 Sex. Mature Chimps SN Bert, J., Kripke, D.F., & Rhodes, J. (1970B). Electroencephalogram Of The Mature Chimpanzee: Twenty-four Hour Recordings. Electroencephalograpy & Clinical Neurophysiology, 28, 32-40. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 26 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1972 Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes Or Pan Troglodytes Verus Chimpanzee 14 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 10 12.528 N/A 2.1840000000000002 10.343999999999999 N/A 14 14 Mix N/A 2-41 Months Infant & Juvenile Infant & Juvenile N/A EH Data Averaged For All Animals Aged 2-41 Months; Animals In Study Were Either Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes W/black Face Or Pan Troglodytes Verus W/white Face; IC Reports Animals All Appear To Be Infants And Juveniles Balzamo, E., Bradley, R. J., & Rhodes, J. M. (1972). Sleep Ontogeny In The Chimpanzee: From Two Months To Forty-one Months. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 33, 47-60. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 27 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1972 Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes Or Pan Troglodytes Verus Chimpanzee 14 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 10 13.295999999999999 N/A 2.976 10.32 N/A N/A 14 N/A N/A Under 1 Year Infant Infant N/A AB Unclear How Many Animals In Each Age Group; Animals In Study Were Either Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes W/black Face Or Pan Troglodytes Verus W/white Face; IC Reports Animals All Appear To Be Infants And Juveniles Balzamo, E., Bradley, R. J., & Rhodes, J. M. (1972). Sleep Ontogeny In The Chimpanzee: From Two Months To Forty-one Months. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 33, 47-60. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 28 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1972 Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes Or Pan Troglodytes Verus Chimpanzee 14 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 10 12.311999999999999 N/A 1.968 10.343999999999999 N/A N/A 14 N/A N/A 1.5 Years Infant Infant N/A AB Unclear How Many Animals In Each Age Group; Animals In Study Were Either Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes W/black Face Or Pan Troglodytes Verus W/white Face; IC Reports Animals All Appear To Be Infants And Juveniles Balzamo, E., Bradley, R. J., & Rhodes, J. M. (1972). Sleep Ontogeny In The Chimpanzee: From Two Months To Forty-one Months. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 33, 47-60. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 29 Land Balzamo Et Al., 1972 Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes Or Pan Troglodytes Verus Chimpanzee 14 Yes No 3 Normal light/dark conditions Yes Normal Extreme temperatures Yes 1 10 11.976000000000001 N/A 1.5840000000000001 10.391999999999999 N/A N/A 14 N/A N/A Over 2 Years Infant Infant N/A AB Unclear How Many Animals In Each Age Group; Animals In Study Were Either Pan Troglodytes Troglodytes W/black Face Or Pan Troglodytes Verus W/white Face; IC Reports Animals All Appear To Be Infants And Juveniles Balzamo, E., Bradley, R. J., & Rhodes, J. M. (1972). Sleep Ontogeny In The Chimpanzee: From Two Months To Forty-one Months. Electroencephalography & Clinical Neurophysiology, 33, 47-60. No Yes Scientific Paper Not from Zepelin No No 122 Land Haas, 1958 Panthera Leo Lion N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 13.5 14.7 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A N/A Adult N/A EH This Is A Scientific Article, And We Were Unable To Obtain It Via ILL; Data Are From Zepelin (1989) Haas, G. (1958). 24-Stunden-Periodik Von Grosskatzen Inm Zoologischen Carten. Sauguierk Mitt, 6, 113-117. No No Scientific Paper From Zepelin No No 121 Land Haas, 1958 Panthera Tigris Tiger N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 15.8 16.3 N/A N/A N/A N/A 0 N/A Adult N/A N/A <