R. Paiella
“Quantum Cascade Lasers”
P. Bhattacharya, ed., Comprehensive Semiconductor Science & Technology – Devices/Applications, Elsevier (in preparation). 

S. Gunna, F. Bertazzi, R. Paiella, and E. Bellotti
“Intersubband Absorption in AlGaN/GaN Quantum Wells”
J. Piprek, ed., Nitride Semiconductor Devices: Principles and Simulations, Wiley, March 2007. 

R. Paiella, R. Martini, A. Soibel, H.C. Liu, and F. Capasso
“High-Speed Operation and Ultrafast Pulse Generation with Quantum Cascade Lasers”
R. Paiella ed., Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Structures, McGraw-Hill, April 2006.

E. Bellotti, K. Driscoll, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella,
“Monte Carlo Study of GaN Versus GaAs Terahertz Quantum Cascade Structures,”
submitted

Y. Li, A. Bhattacharyya, C. Thomidis, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella,
“Ultrafast All-Optical Switching with Low Saturation Energy via Intersubband Transitions in GaN/AlN Quantum-Well Waveguides,”
Opt. Express, vol. 15, pp. 17922-17927, 2007. PDF

K. Driscoll and R. Paiella,
"Design of n-Type Silicon-Based Quantum Cascade Lasers for Terahertz Light Emission,"
J. Appl. Phys., vol. 102, art. no. 093103, 2007. PDF

K. Driscoll, A. Bhattacharyya, T.D. Moustakas, R. Paiella, L. Zhou, and D.J. Smith,
"Intersubband Absorption in AlN/GaN/AlGaN Coupled Quantum Wells,"
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 91, art. no. 141104, 2007. PDF

Y. Li, A. Bhattacharyya, C. Thomidis, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella
“Nonlinear Optical Waveguides Based on Near-Infrared Intersubband Transitions in GaN/AlN Quantum Wells,”
Opt. Express, vol. 15, pp. 5860-5865, 2007. PDF

K. Driscoll and R. Paiella
“Silicon-Based Injection Lasers Using Electronic Intersubband Transitions in the L Valleys,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 89, art. no. 191110, 2006. PDF

Y. Li and R. Paiella
“Intersubband All-Optical Switching Based on Coulomb-Induced Optical Nonlinearities in GaN/AlGaN Coupled Quantum Wells,”
Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 21, pp. 1105-1110, 2006. PDF

R. Paiella
“Tunable Surface Plasmons in Coupled Metallo-Dielectric Multiple Layers for Light Emission Efficiency Enhancement,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 87, art. no. 111104, 2005. PDF

I. Friel, K. Driscoll, E. Kulenica, M. Dutta, R. Paiella, and T. D. Moustakas
“Investigation of the Design Parameters of AlN/GaN Multiple Quantum Wells Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy for Intersubband Absorption,”
J. Crystal Growth, vol. 278, pp. 387-392, 2005. PDF

A. Soibel, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, M. L. Peabody, A. M. Sergent, R. Paiella, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, H. C. Liu, C. Jirauschek, and F. X. Kartner,
“Active Mode-Locking of Broadband Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 40, pp. 844-851, 2004. 

A. Soibel, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, M. L. Peabody, A. M. Sergent, R. Paiella, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu,
“Stability of Pulse Emission and Enhancement of Intracavity Second-Harmonic Generation in Self-Mode-Locked Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 40, pp. 197-204, 2004. 

R. Paiella, P. A. Kiely, A. Ougazzaden, J. W. Stayt, A. Sirenko, G. Derkits, K. Glogovsky, C. C. Wamsley, C. W. Lentz, L. E. Eng, and L. J. P. Ketelsen,
“10 Gbit/s Transmitter Based on Directly Modulated InGaAlAs Laser Operating up to 126 degrees C,”
Electron. Lett., vol. 39, pp. 1653-1654, 2003. 

C. Gmachl, H. M. Ng, R. Paiella, R. Martini, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, F. Capasso, A. Y. Cho, S. V. Frolov, S. N. G. Chu, and H. C. Liu,
“Recent Results in Quantum Cascade Lasers and Intersubband Transitions in GaN/AlGaN Multiple Quantum Wells,”
Physica E, vol. 13, pp. 823-828, 2002.

F. Capasso, R. Paiella, R. Martini, R. Colombelli, C. Gmachl, T. L. Myers, M. S. Taubman, R. M. Williams, C. G. Bethea, K. Unterrainer, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, A. M. Sergent, H. C. Liu, and E. A. Whittaker,
“Quantum Cascade Lasers: Ultrahigh-Speed Operation, Optical Wireless Communication, Narrow Linewidth, and Far-Infrared Emission,”
IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 38, pp. 511-532, 2002 (Invited Paper). 

R. Martini, C. G. Bethea, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, R. Paiella, E. A. Whittaker, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, and A. Y. Cho,
“Free-Space Optical Transmission of Multimedia Satellite Data Streams Using Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Electron. Lett., vol. 38, pp. 181-183, 2002. 

R. Martini, R. Paiella, C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, E. A. Whittaker, H. C. Liu, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, and A. Y. Cho,
“High-Speed Digital Data Transmission Using Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Electron. Lett., vol. 37, pp. 1290-1292, 2001. 

R. Paiella, R. Martini, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. Y. Cho, E. A. Whittaker, and H. C. Liu,
“High-Frequency Modulation without the Relaxation Oscillation Resonance in Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 79, pp. 2526-2528, 2001. 

C. Gmachl, F. Capasso, R. Colombelli, R. Paiella, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho,
“Quantum Cascade Lasers Shape up for Trace-Gas Sensing,”
Laser Focus World, pp. 65-70, Sept. 2001.

F. Capasso, R. Colombelli, R. Paiella, C. Gmachl, A. Tredicucci, D. L. Sivco, and A. Y. Cho,
“Far-Infrared and Ultra-High-Speed Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Optics and Photonics News, vol. 12, pp. 40-46, 2001. 

C. Gmachl, H. Y. Hwang, R. Paiella, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, F. Capasso, and A. Y. Cho,
“Quantum Cascade Lasers with Low-Loss Chalcogenide Lateral Waveguides,”
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 13, pp. 182-184, 2001. 

R. Martini, C. Gmachl, J. Falciglia, F. G. Curti, C. G. Bethea, F. Capasso, E. A. Whittaker, R. Paiella, A. Tredicucci, A. L. Hutchinson, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho,
“High-Speed Modulation and Free-Space Optical Audio/Video Transmission Using Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Electron. Lett.., vol. 37, pp. 191-193, 2001. 

F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, R. Paiella, A. Tredicucci, A. L. Hutchinson, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu
“New Frontiers in Quantum Cascade Lasers and Applications,”
IEEE J. Select. Topics in Quantum Electron., Special Millennium Issue, vol. 6, pp. 931-947, 2000 (Invited Paper). 

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, C. G. Bethea, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu,
“Gain-Switching and Active Mode-Locking of Mid-Infrared Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Optics and Photonics News, Optics in 2000 issue, vol. 11, pp. 22-23, 2000. 

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu,
“Self-Mode-Locking of Quantum Cascade Lasers with Giant Ultrafast Optical Nonlinearities,”
Science, vol. 290, pp. 1739-1742, 2000.

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, C. G. Bethea, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu
"Generation and Detection of High-Speed Pulses of Midinfrared Radiation with Intersubband Semiconductor Lasers and Detectors,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol.12, pp. 780-782, 2000.      

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, A. L. Hutchinson, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu,
“Monolithic Active Mode-Locking of Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 77, pp. 169-171, 2000. 

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, C. G. Bethea, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho,
"High-Speed Operation of Gain-Switched Midinfrared Quantum Cascade Lasers,"
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 75, pp. 2536-2538, 1999. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, and K. J. Vahala,
"Quantum-Well Capture and Interwell Transport in Semiconductor Active Layers,"
Semicond. Sci. Technol., vol. 14, pp. R17-R25, 1999 (Invited Topical Review). 

A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, R. Dall'Ara, G. Guekos, and K. J. Vahala,
"Wavelength Conversion at 10 Gb/s by Four-Wave Mixing Over a 30-nm Interval,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 952-954, 1998. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, M. Ziari, A. Mathur, and K. J. Vahala,
"Wavelength Conversion by Cavity-Enhanced Injection-Locked Four-Wave Mixing in a Fiber-Bragg-Grating Coupled Diode Laser,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, pp. 802-804, 1998. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, K. J. Vahala, and U. Koren,
"Four-Wave Mixing Mediated by the Capture of Electrons and Holes in Semiconductor Quantum-Well Laser Amplifiers,"
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 71, pp. 3601-3603, 1997. 

G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, M. Ziari, A. Mathur, and K. J. Vahala,
"Folded-Path, Self-Pumped Wavelength Conversion Based on Four-Wave Mixing in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 1352-1354, 1997. 

K. J. Vahala, R. Paiella, and G. Hunziker,
"Ultrafast WDM Logic,"
IEEE J. Select. Topics in Quantum Electron., vol. 3, pp. 698-701, 1997. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, U. Koren, and K. J. Vahala,
"Polarization-Dependent Optical Nonlinearities of Multiquantum-Well Laser Amplifiers Studied by Four-Wave Mixing,"
IEEE J. Select. Topics in Quantum Electron., vol. 3, pp. 529-540, 1997. 

G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, K. J. Vahala, and U. Koren,
"Measurement of the Stimulated Carrier Lifetime in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers by Four-Wave Mixing of Polarized ASE Noise,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, pp. 907-909, 1997. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, K. J. Vahala, and U. Koren,
"Measurement of the Interwell Carrier Transport Lifetime in Multiquantum-Well Optical Amplifiers by Polarization-Resolved Four-Wave Mixing,"
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 69, pp. 4142-4144, 1996. 

G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, D. F. Geraghty, K. J. Vahala, and U. Koren,
"Polarization-Independent Wavelength Conversion at 2.5 Gb/s by Dual-Pump Four-Wave Mixing in a Strained Semiconductor Optical Amplifier,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 1633-1635, 1996. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, J. Zhou, K. J. Vahala, U. Koren and B. I. Miller,
"Polarization Properties of Four-Wave Mixing in Strained Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers,"
IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 8, pp. 773-775, 1996. 

R. Paiella and K. J. Vahala,
"Four-Wave Mixing and Generation of TeraHertz Radiation in an Alternating-Strain Coupled Quantum-Well Structure,"
IEEE J. Quantum Electron., vol. 32, pp. 721-728, 1996. 

R. Paiella and K. J. Vahala,
"Highly Nondegenerate Four-Wave Mixing Efficiency of an Asymmetric Coupled Quantum-Well Structure,"
Appl. Phys. Lett., vol. 66, pp. 2619-2621, 1995. 

X. Y. Wang, R. Paiella, and R. M. Osgood, Jr.,
"Two-Dimensional Electron Scattering Processes on Na-Dosed Cu(111) – a Two-Photon Photoemission Study,"
Phys. Rev. B, vol. 51, pp. 17035-17039, 1995. 

K. Driscoll, A. Bhattacharyya, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella,
“AlN/GaN/AlGaN Coupled Quantum Wells for Short-Wavelength Intersubband Devices,”
IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, paper ThZ2, Lake Buena Vista (FL), 2007.

Y. Li, A. Bhattacharyya, C. Thomidis, T. D. Moustakas, and R. Paiella,
“GaN/AlN Nonlinear Optical Waveguides for Ultrafast Intersubband All-Optical Switching,”
IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, paper ThY5, Lake Buena Vista (FL), 2007.  PDF

K. Driscoll and R. Paiella,
“Silicon-Based Quantum Cascade Lasers Using Electronic Intersubband Transitions in the L Valleys,”
IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, paper MM2, Montreal, 2006. PDF

R. Paiella, M. Cunha, A. Bhattacharya, R. France, and T. D. Moustakas,
“Plasmonic Dispersion Engineering for Light Emission Efficiency Enhancement,”
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CWB2, Long Beach, 2006. PDF

S. Gunna, E. Bellotti, and R. Paiella,
“Novel Single Photon Detector Design Based on Intersubband Devices at l = 1.55 mm,”
International Conference on Intersubband Transitions in Quantum Wells, poster 72P, Cape Cod, 2005. PDF

I. Friel, E. Kulenica C. Thomidis, R. Paiella, and T.D. Moustakas,
“Investigation of the Effects of Structural and Doping Parameters on the Intersubband Absorption Spectra in GaN/AlN Superlattices Grown by Plasma-Assisted Molecular Beam Epitaxy”
International Conference on Molecular Beam Epitaxy, Edinburgh (Scotland), 2004. PDF

A. Soibel, M. L. Peabody, A. M. Sergent, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, R. Paiella, H. Y. Hwang, H. C. Liu, C. Jirauschek, and F. X. Kartner,
“Active Mode-Locking of Broadband Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CMZ3, San Francisco, 2004.

R. Martini, C. G. Bethea, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, R. Paiella, E. A. Whittaker, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J.N. Baillargeon, A. Y. Cho,
“Free-Space Mid-Infrared Optical Links Using Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 4975, pp. 20-24, 2003. 

R. Martini, C. Gmachl, R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Glazowski, R. K. Murawski, E. A. Whittaker, C. G. Bethea, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J.N. Baillargeon, A. Y. Cho, H. C. Liu,
“Analog and Digital High-Speed Modulation of Quantum Cascade Laser,”
Proceedings of the SPIE - The International Society for Optical Engineering, vol. 4995, no. 1, pp. 169-175, 2003. 

R. Martini, C. G. Bethea, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, R. Paiella, E. A. Whittaker, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. Y. Cho,
“Free-Space Mid-Infrared Link for Transmission of Multimedia Data Using Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CThN6, Long Beach, 2002.

R. Martini, R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, E. A. Whittaker, and H. C. Liu,
“Absence of Relaxation Oscillations in Quantum Cascade Lasers Verified by High-Frequency Modulation,”
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CPD17, Baltimore, 2001 (Postdeadline Paper). 

R. Paiella,
"High-Performance and High-Speed Quantum Cascade Lasers,"
American Physical Society Annual Meeting, paper Y7.002, Seattle, 2001 (Invited Paper). 

R. Martini, C. Gmachl, C. G. Bethea, F. Capasso, R. Paiella, A. Tredicucci, A. L. Hutchinson, D. L. Sivco, A. Y. Cho, J. Falciglia, F. H. Curti, E. A. Whittaker,
“High Frequency Modulation and Optical Free Space Video Transmission Using Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
OSA Topical Meeting on Ultrafast Electronics and Optoelectronics, paper UWD1, Lake Tahoe, 2001 (Invited Paper). 

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, C. Bethea, H. Y. Hwang, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu,
"Gain-Switching and Mode-Locking of Quantum Cascade Lasers,"
IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, paper TuF1, Puerto Rico, 2000 (Invited Paper). 

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, D. L. Sivco, J. N. Baillargeon, A. L. Hutchinson, A. Y. Cho, and H. C. Liu,
“Self-Mode-Locking in Quantum Cascade Lasers,”
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CPD29, San Francisco, 2000 (Postdeadline Paper). 

R. Paiella, F. Capasso, C. Gmachl, C. G. Bethea, D. L. Sivco, A. L. Hutchinson, and A. Y. Cho,
"High-Speed Operation of Gain-Switched Midinfrared Quantum Cascade Lasers,"
IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting, paper MA3, San Francisco, 1999. 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, and K. J. Vahala,
"Spectral Logic Gates for Byte-Wide WDM Signal Processing,"
Optical Fiber Communication Conference, paper FB7, San Diego, 1999. 

K. J. Vahala, R. Paiella, and G. Hunziker,
"TeraHertz Optical Mixing in Ultrafast Optical Communications,"
Photonics West, paper 3617-15, San Jose, 1999 (Invited Paper). 

K. J. Vahala, R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, and U. Koren,
"Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers: Quantum-Well Spectroscopy and All-Optical Signal Processing,"
Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, paper MH1, Baltimore, 1998 (Invited Paper). 

K. J. Vahala, R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, A. Bhardwaj, D. Dougherty, U. Koren,
“Ultrafast Dynamics in Quantum Well Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers and Applications,”
OSA Topical Meeting on Optical Amplifiers and Their Applications,  paper WB1, Vail, Colorado, 1998 (Invited Paper).

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, M. Ziari, A. Mathur, and K. J. Vahala,
"Resonance Enhancement of the Four-Wave Mixing Efficiency by Injection Locking in a Fiber-Bragg-Grating Coupled Semiconductor Laser,"
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CWC5, San Francisco, 1998. 

G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, U. Koren, and K. J. Vahala,
"Four-Wave Mixing Mediated by the Capture of Carriers in Semiconductor Quantum-Well Amplifiers,"
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CThR3, San Francisco, 1998. 

K. J. Vahala, R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, and U. Koren,
"Direct Measurement of Capture and Escape Rates in Quantum Well Active Layers,"
OSA Topical Meeting on Integrated Photonics Research,  paper ITuG4, Victoria, British Columbia, 1998 (Invited Paper).

G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, A. D'Ottavi, P. Spano, R. Dall'Ara, G. Guekos, and K. J. Vahala,
"30 nm Wavelength Conversion at 10 Gb/s by Four-Wave Mixing in a Semiconductor Optical Amplifier,"
Optical Fiber Communication Conference, paper WB7, San Jose, 1998.

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, M. Ziari, A. Mathur, and K. J. Vahala,
"Wavelength Conversion by Four-Wave Mixing in a Folded-Path, Self-Pumped Semiconductor Optical Amplifier,"
Optical Fiber Communication Conference, paper WB8, San Jose, 1998. 

K. J. Vahala, R. B. Lee, D. F. Geraghty, G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, M. Ziari, and A. Mathur,
"TeraHertz Carrier Dynamics and Application to All-Optical Wavelength Conversion,"
IEEE Lasers and Electro-Optics Society Annual Meeting,  paper MN5, San Francisco, 1997 (Invited Paper). 

K. J. Vahala, R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, R. B. Lee, and D. F. Geraghty
"Ultrafast Semiconductor Carrier Dynamics Probed by Four-Wave Mixing and Application to All-Optical Signal Processing in WDM Systems,"
OSA Spring Topical Meeting on Ultrafast Electronics and Optoelectronics, paper UMC1, Incline Village, Nevada, 1997 (Invited Paper). 

G. Hunziker, R. Paiella, K. J. Vahala, and U. Koren,
"Interwell Carrier Transport Rate Measured by Four-Wave Mixing,"
IEEE International Semiconductor Laser Conference, paper PDP4, Haifa, Israel, 1996 (Postdeadline Paper). 

K. J. Vahala, R. B. Lee, D. F. Geraghty, G. Hunziker, R. Paiella
"Wavelength Conversion by Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Amplifiers,"
Optical Society of America Annual Meeting, paper MDD2, Rochester, 1996 (Invited Paper). 

R. Paiella, G. Hunziker, J. Zhou, K. J. Vahala, U. Koren, and B. I. Miller
"Using Tensor Properties of Four-Wave Mixing in Semiconductor Optical Amplifiers for Polarization-Independent Wavelength Conversion or Pump Suppression,"
IEEE Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics, paper CFF1, Anaheim, 1996. 

X. Y. Wang, R. Paiella, and R. M. Osgood, Jr.
"Two-Photon Photoemission Study of Two-Dimensional Scattering Processes on Na-Covered Cu Surfaces,"
Quantum Electronics and Laser Sciences Conference, paper QWG6, Baltimore, 1995. 

R. Paiella, X. Y. Wang, and R. M. Osgood, Jr.,
"Overlayer Coverage Dependence of Surface States for Cs on Cu(100),"
American Physical Society Annual Meeting, paper PD2-34, Pittsburgh, 1994.