Bibliography. Papers and books mentioned above include the following. These readings will be left outside my office suite (718 Commonwealth Ave., 4th floor, outside 401). Note: They will be in the box labeled LX523.

Belletti, A. (1990) Generalized verb movement. Torino: Rosenberg & Sellier.

Bobaljik, J. (1996). What does adjacency do? Ms., Harvard & McGill.

Bobaljik, J. (2000). A-chains at the PF-interface: Copies and "covert" movement. Supersedes Bobaljik (1996).

Cheng, L., and R. Sybesma (1999). Bare and not-so-bare nouns and the structure of NP. Linguistic Inquiry 30(4);509-542.

Chomsky, N. (1995). The minimalist program. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Chomsky, N. (1998). Minimalist inquiries: The framework. Cambridge, MA: MIT Working Papers in Linguistics.

Cinque, G. (1999). Adverbs and functional heads: A cross-linguistic perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Culicover, P. (1991). Polarity, inversion, and focus in English. ESCOL '91: 46-68.

Grimshaw, J. (1995). Projections, heads and optimality. Available online: ROA archive.

Haegeman, L. (1997). Elements of grammar. In L. Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar: A handbook of generative syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Haegeman, L., and R. Zanuttini (1991). Negative heads and the neg criterion. The Linguistic Review 8:233-251.

Haegeman, L., and R. Zanuttini (1996). Negative concord in West Flemish. In A. Belletti and L. Rizzi (eds.), Parameters and functional heads. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Johnson, K. (1991). Object positions. Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 9:577-636.

Kayne, R. (1994). The antisymmetry of syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Koisumi, M. (2000). String vacuous overt verb raising. Journal of East Asian Linguistics 9:227-285.

Koopman, Hilda (2000). The syntax of specifiers and heads. London: Routledge.

Larson, R. (1988). On the double object construction. Linguistic Inquiry 19(3):335-391.

Lasnik, H. (1999). Minimalist analysis. Oxford: Blackwell.

Legendre, G. (2001). An introduction to optimality theory in syntax. In Legendre, Grimshaw, and Vikner (eds.), Optimality-theoretic syntax. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Longobardi, G. (1994). Reference and proper names. Linguistic Inquiry 25:609-65.

Marantz, A. (1995). A reader's guide to "A minimalist program for linguistic theory" (Chomsky 1993). In G. Webelhuth (ed.), The principles and parameters approach to syntactic theory: A synopsis. Blackwell.

McCloskey, J. (1997). Subjecthood and subject positions. In L. Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar: A handbook of generative syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Moro, A. (2000). Dynamic antisymmetry. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Pesetsky, D. (1987). Wh-in-situ: Movement and unselective binding. In E. Reuland and A. ter Meulen (eds.) The representation of (in)definiteness. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Pesetsky, D. (1997). Optimality theory and syntax: Movement and pronunciation. In D. Archangeli and D. T. Langendoen (eds.), Optimality theory: An overview. Blackwell.

Pesetsky, D. (2000). Phrasal movement and its kin. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Pollock, J.-Y. (1989). Verb movement, universal grammar, and the structure of IP. Linguistic Inquiry 20:365-424.

Pollock, J.-Y. (1997). Notes on clause structure. In L. Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar: A handbook of generative syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Richards, N. (1997). What moves where when in which language? Ph.D. dissertation, MIT. Distributed by MITWPL.

Richards, N. (1998). The principle of minimal compliance. Linguistic Inquiry 29(4):599-629.

Ritter, E. (1991). Two functional categories in noun phrases: Evidence from Modern Hebrew. In S. Rothstein (ed.), Syntax and Semantics 25: Perspectives on Phrase Structure: Heads and Licensing. San Diego: Academic Press.

Ritter, E. (1992). Cross-linguistic evidence for number phrase. Canadian Journal of Linguistics 37(2):197-218.

Ritter, E. (1993). WhereÕs gender? Linguistic Inquiry.

Rizzi, L. (1997). The fine structure of the left periphery. In L. Haegeman (ed.), Elements of grammar: A handbook of generative syntax. Dordrecht: Kluwer.

Travis, L. (1992). Inner aspect and the structure of VP. Ms., McGill.

Travis, L., and A. Rackowski (2000). V-initial languages:Ê X or XP movement and adverbial placement.Ê In A. Carnie & E. Guilfoyle (eds.) The Syntax of Verb-initial languages.Ê Oxford University Press.

Zanuttini, R. (1994) Re-examining negative clauses. In Cinque, et al. (eds.), Paths toward universal grammar. Georgetown University Press.

Zanuttini, R. (1997). Negation and verb movement. In L. Haegeman (ed.), The new comparative syntax. New York: Addison-Wesley, Longman.

Zubizarreta, M.-L. (1998). Prosody, focus, and word order. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.