Past Events - 2008
Morin Center/ABA Banking Law Basics
June 16 - 18, 2008
In association with the Banking Law Committee of the American Bar Association, the Morin Center offered a National Institute on banking law entitled "Banking Law Basics," which provides practicing lawyers from around the country with an opportunity to study the subject of the basic laws and regulations governing banks and law banking regulation intensively over a three-day period. The course was designed for attorneys, consultants and bank professionals who intend to work in the field, as well as experienced banking law practitioners who seek a more comprehensive understanding of this area of law.
Luncheon honoring Professor Ryckman
June 10, 2008
>>View feature sign Professor Ryckman's Virtual Guestbook
BU Law Hosts "Prescription Policy Choice" Meeting
May 22, 2008
BU Law hosted the next meeting of Prescription Policy Choices. PPC is an independent think tank for prescription drug policy, working with state legislatures across the country. BU Law Professor Kevin Outterson is a member of the Board.
Marsh Chapel Baccalaureate Service
All-University Commencement Exercises
May 18, 2008
BU Law Commencement
Practicing Law in State Government - New Lawyers Section
April 30, 2008
This was the fourth annual Brown Bag Lunch on the practice of law in state government. Mark A. Reilly, Deputy Legal Counsel, Office of the Governor; Aaron Agulnek, Legal Counsel to State Senator Marian Walsh; and Jennifer Saubermann, Committee General Counsel for the Joint Committee on Economic Development & Emerging Technologies, provided:
- A brief overview of how the branches work together to create and implement laws
- Practical advice on how a lawyer can begin to practice law in this context
- Stories of their experience and how they ended up in their present positions
The New Lawyers Section is Co-chaired by Matthew Moschella and Jacy L. Wilson
Noam Chomsky Lectures on Modern-Day American Imperialism: Middle East and Beyond
April 24, 2008
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
Sarah Gordon, University of Pennsylvania School of Law, "Holy War: Secular Humanism and Women's Legal Activism, 1975 - 1990"
April 24, 2008
Retirement Party for Professor William Ryckman
April 22, 2008
>>View Ryckman feature & sign virtual guestbook
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
Michael Grossberg, Indiana University Department of History & School of Law
"Saving Our Kids: Child Protection in America"
April 14, 2008
"Current Market Turmoil: Supervisory Focus and Risk Management Lessons Learned" featuring William Rutledge
April 10, 2008
William Rutledge, Executive Vice President, Bank Supervision Group, Federal Reserve Bank of New York, delivered a lecture entitled "Current Market Turmoil: Supervisory Focus and Risk Management Lessons Learned" as part of the Morin Center Financial Services Lecture Series.
SALSA Panel: Diverse Perspectives on Current South Asian Legal Issues
April 10, 2008
Panelists Ameek Ponda from Sullivan & Worcester, Tania Shah from Shah & Phillips, and Sonia Shah from Casa Myrna discussed current South Asian legal issues ranging from domestic violence to business ventures abroad and within the United States.
International Human Rights Students Conduct Simulated UN session with Guantanamo Defense Lawyers
April 10, 2008
Students in international human rights participated in a simulated session at the UN Human Rights Council called by five of the Council's Special Rapporteurs (SRs) about the situation of U.S. military prisoners at Guantanamo Bay, Cuba. At the simulation, the SRs heard presentations and asked questions relating to their mandates over thematic human rights issues. The students simulated representation of actual Guantanamo prisoners, and asked the UN SRs to issue conclusions and make interventions on behalf of their detained clients.
Panelists included the following lawyers from Boston law firms who have been representing Guantanamo prisoners pro bono for a number of years:
- Stephen Oleskey and Mark Fleming, Wilmer Hale
- Jerry Cohen, Burns & Levinson
- Ellen Lubell & Doris Tennant, Lubell & Tennant
BU Law Carnival Day
April 9, 2008
Students enjoyed carnival foods (popcorn, cotton candy, hot pretzels) outside on the first floor patio.
"Copyright Law: Two Cases, Three Issues" featuring Andrew Epstein
April 7, 2008
Andrew Epstein is an established Boston litigator who specializes in copyright and art law. He discussed two recent cases he has litigated and three important areas of those suits: moral rights, fair use and damages.
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
"Corporate Directors: Trustees, Representatives, Agents" featuring Dalia Tsuk Mitchell, George Washington University School of Law
April 7, 2008
L'ART: Student Art Exhibit
April 7, 2008
BU Law's first annual law student art exhibition featured food, drink, open mic, a peformance by the Follies band, and of course, student art on display. Co-sponsored by Coffeehouse.
Eye on Africa and the Diaspora Conference:
Transnational Movement and Transformative Law Reshaping our World
April 5, 2008
Hosted by BU Black Law Students Association
Keynote
Dr. Francis M. Deng, UN Special Adviser for the Prevention of Genocide
Panelists
- Richard Chacon, Director of the MA Office of Refugees and Immigrants
- Karen Jacobsen, Tufts Feinstein International Center
- Ashleigh Lawrence, UNICEF
- Robert E.B. Lucas, Professor of Economics, Boston University
Schedule:
8:00a - On site registration (Barrister's Hall)
8:30a - Welcome and Opening Statements (Barrister's Hall)
9:00a - Panel: Massachusetts to Mozambique - Moving People, Changing lives, (room 920 B) Panelists: Richard Chacon, director of Massachusetts Office of Refugees and Immigrants; Karen Jacobsen, Tufts Feinstein International Center; Ashleigh Lawrence - UNICEF; and Robert E.B. Lucas, Professor of Economics, Boston University
10:00a - Keynote Presentation, Dr. Francis M. Deng, UN Special Advisor on the Prevention of Genocide (Barrister's Hall)
11:00a - Lunch with Presentation to Haitian Multiservice Center (room 1270)
Lecture: "Open Source Software Licenses in Practice" featuring Attorney Peter Gordon
April 3, 2008
Attorney Peter Gordon was responsible for creating and running an extensive open source software education and licensing program at Avid Technology, where he was the director of Intellectual Property. In his talk he explained the challenges involved in managing such a program and in incorporating software covered by multiple open source licenses and proprietary licenses into a single software product. Gordon is of counsel to Fish & Richardson in Boston, where he focuses on strategic patent portfolio development, patent prosecution emphasizing computer hardware and software, and licensing.
April 3, 2008
2007-2008 Distinguished Lecture
“Looking Over a Crowd and Picking Out Your Friends” featuring Harold Koh, Dean, Yale Law School
Dean Koh began teaching at Yale Law School in 1985 and has served as dean since 2004. From 1998 to 2001, he served as assistant secretary of State for Democracy, Human Rights and Labor. Before joining Yale Law School, he practiced law at Covington and Burling and at the Office of Legal Counsel at the Department of Justice.
Video footage (BU login required)
Women, Violence and the Law: A Presentation and Book Signing by Wendy Murphy
April 3, 2008
Author of And Justice for Some: An Expose of the Lawyers and Judges Who Let Dangerous Criminals Go Free" Wendy Murphy is a former assistant district attorney for Middlesex County, MA who specialized in child abuse and sex crimes cases. Having served as a Visiting Scholar at Harvard Law School, Murphy now represents crime victims in civil and criminal cases and teaches an advanced seminar on sexual violence at the New England School of Law in Boston. As an adjunct professor, she also manages the Sexual Violence Legal News and Judicial Language projects at her law school and consults with crime victims across the country to help them achieve justice. Murphy writes scholarly and pop culture articles, and lectures widely on victims' rights, sex crimes, violence against women and children, media coverage of crime and the criminal justice system. Murphy has worked as a legal analyst for CBS News, CNN, Fox News and MSNBC. She appears regularly on cable and network news programs to provide commentary on legal news stories. And Justice For Some is her first book.
Contaminated Property Litigation Talk featuring Peter Sutton ('71), Paul Sampson ('75) and Arthur Kavanos
April 2, 2008
The Environmental Law Society and the Real Estate Club co-sponsored this talk on contaminated property litigation. Peter Sutton ('71) & Paul Sampson ('75) of Riemer & Braunstein and Arthur Kavanos (Trustee of the properties at issue) spoke about their recent big win in a lawsuit against Bayer Corporation for hazardous chemical contamination of properties in eastern Massachusetts, and more generally about legal issues involved in contaminated property remediation and reuse.
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
“"Holding the Line: Constitutional Conservatism in The National Review, 1955-1964” featuring Kenneth Kersch, Boston College, Political Science Department
March 31, 2008
Women in Law Conference
13th Annual Meet the Women Cocktail Reception: A Tribute to BU Female Alumnae and Their Achievements
March 27, 2008
Sponsored by the BU Law Women's Law Association
Honorees:
- Bettina B. Plevin ('70)
- Deborah E. Barnard ('87)
- Julia Huston ('92)
Lecture: "Software Licensing in Practice" featuring Attorney Michael Cavaretta
March 27, 2008
Attorney Michael Cavaretta discussed the most common types of software license agreements, the most frequently-negotiated terms, and considerations to take into account when negotiating software licensing agreements for the licensor or licensee. Attorney Cavaretta is a member of Morse, Barnes-Brown, & Pendleton in Waltham, and is experienced in strategic alliances, intellectual property licenses, videogame development and publishing deals, technology development and distribution transactions, and trademark and copyright protection and registration.
"Clean Tech and the Law: Perspectives from Diverse Sectors"
March 27, 2008
The Career Development Office, The Student Affairs Office and the Environmental Law Society hosted a clean technology panel which featured the following distinguished speakers:
- Tom Burton, Esq., Chair of Mintz Levin's Energy and Clean Tech Practice Group
- Walter Foskett, Esq., General Counsel, World Energy Alternatives
- Susan Reid, Esq., Staff Attorney, Conservation Law Foundation
- Matt Schemmel, Esq., Associate General Counsel, Massachusetts Technology Collaborative
- Moderated by Professor Jay Michaelson, Esq.
Supreme Judicial Court’s Standing Committee on Pro Bono
March 26, 2008
At this event BU Law welcomed members of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court’s Standing Committee on Pro Bono. Supreme Judicial Court Associate Justice, the Honorable Francis X. Spina was in attendance along with prominent members of the Massachusetts legal community. Through a series of panels, members of the BU Law community highlighted the many pro bono and public interest activities that take place at BU Law.
Women in Law Conference
"Women's Rights and Islamic Law"-- A panel of scholars and activists in the field of women's legal rights in relation to Islamic Law share their knowledge, research, and personal experiences
March 26, 2008
Sponsored by the BU Law Women's Law Association
Moderator: Sadiq Reza, visiting professor at BU Law; professor, New York Law School. Reza's current research and writing is in criminal law and procedure in Islamic law (sharia) and in countries of the contemporary Muslim world.
Panelists:
- Mehrangiz Kar, visiting professor at Wellesley College. Kar is also a prominent lawyer and one of the most celebrated human rights activists in the history of the women's movement in Iran.
- Kecia Ali, assistant professor of Religion at Boston University and author of the recently published book, Sexual Ethics and Islam: Feminist Reflections on Qur'an, Hadith, and Jurisprudence (2006).
- Havva Guney-Ruebenacker, a S.J.D. candidate at Harvard Law School whose thesis is a comparative research of theories of legal changes in Islamic and western jurisprudence especially in the areas of family law and women's rights.
Women in Law Conference
"Ending the Gauntlet: Removing Barriers to Women's Success in the Law," A Presentation and Book Signing by Author Lauren Stiller Rikleen
March 24, 2008
Sponsored by the BU Law Women's Law Association
Women in Law Conference
"She Works Hard for the Money: Female Alumnae Share Their Experiences in Corporate America"
March 25, 2008
Sponsored by the BU Law Women's Law Association
Featured Panelists:
- Kay Hodge, partner at Stoneman, Chandler & Miller, specializing in litigation and employment law. She received her J.D. from BU Law in 1972 and an LL.M. in 1977. She is also a former BU Law instructor (1974-1975) and former president of the Massachusetts Bar Association (1994-1995)
- Lizette Perez-Deisboeck, partner at Goodwin Procter in the Business Law Practice. She is a member of the Technology and Private Equity Groups and a BU Law alumna from the class of 1991.
- Stephanie Ives, associate at Goulston Storrs in the Real Estate Department. She graduated recently from BU Law, summa cum laude, in 2003. She clerked for a federal judge in D.C. and in Israel. She was actively involved with the Public Interest Project while at BU Law.
- Jennifer Greaney,partner at Sally & Fitch LLP. Greaney is a commercial litigator with a concentration in real estate disputes. She is a 1999 graduate of BU Law, magna cum laude. Ms. Greaney spent four years working as a daily newspaper reporter prior to beginning law school.
- Elizabeth Reza, partner at Ropes & Gray in the Corporate Department with a focus in the investment management area. Reza attended Columbia Law School and graduated in 1997.
 |
"The Future of American Health Law" Conference
March 24, 2008
This event brought together professors of law, medicine and health from around the country to listen to presentations, report on works-in-progress and exchange ideas which offered differing perspectives on the current and future state of American health Law, 50 years after the founding of Boston University's Law-Medicine Institute.
News coverage from event:
IP Dialogues
March 20, 2008
IP Dialogues brought to academia projects that lead the current debate in the Intellectual Property Arena. This first conference focused on two main issues related to pharma and biotech innovation and collaborative approaches (Open Innovation) that are being explored as complementary mechanisms for innovation and the legal scheme behind it. It asked the question: Can these collaborative approaches be appropriate for developing countries?
PANEL 1: Innovation Policy and Open Innovation Models: Are patents the problem?
Michael J. Meurer - BU Professor of Law
John Wilbanks - Vice President for Science Commons at Creative Commons
Moderator: Carolina Rossini - LL.M. in Intellectual Property
PANEL 2: Database Protection Policy and Access to Data
Wendy J. Gordon - BU Professor of Law
Thinh Nguyen - General Counsel for Science Commons and Creative Commons.
Moderator: Daniel Pinto - Diplomat – Intellectual Property Division – Embassy of Brazil, Washington, D.C.
Closing remarks: Daniel Pinto
Public Interest Project Auction
March 20, 2008
Auction Gala Sponsor: Goodwin Procter
BU Law's Public Interest hosted a silent and live auction on weekend getaways, dinner packages, sports and arts event tickets and much more. Proceeds supported BU Law students working in unpaid public interest jobs for the summer. The Auction serves as the main source of funding for these summer grants.
"Legal Issues in the Restitution of Art Looted by the Nazis or Otherwise Displaced during Wartime" featuring Thomas R. Kline
March 19, 2008
Thomas Kline, a parter at Andrews Kurth law firm in D.C. who specializes in Art and Cultural Property litigation and advice, discussed cases he has handled and the legal issues that arose in those cases. In addition, Kline met with students in individual counseling sessions to discuss Art Law, paper topics or career opportunities at Andrews Kurth.
"Prosecuting Pregnancy: What Are the Public Policy and Constitutional Implications of Including Pregnancy as an Element in Drug Crimes?"
March 18, 2008
Sponsored by the American Constitution Society, Law Students for Reproductive Justice and the Student Affairs Office.
Jill Morrison of the National Women's Law Center discussed a range of prosecutions brought against women based on their drug use while pregnant. Crimes charged have included reckless endangerment, child abuse and homicide. Morrison will address the illegitimacy of such prosecutions as both poor infant and maternal health policy and serious violations of the constitutional rights of women.
ABA – Pathways to International Law
March 18, 2008
The Career Development Office in co-operation with the ABA Section of International law hosted this unique forum which brought law students and new lawyers together with experienced practitioners to explore opportunities for employment in international law. A panel of experienced international lawyers shared their experiences to help attendees:
•Learn about International Internship Opportunities
•Network with legal experts from around the world
•Understand other legal systems and cultures
•Become active in international organizations and societies
Student Clerkship Panel
March 17, 2008
Current and former clerks discussed their experiences, tips on working with judges and the benefits of clerking.
Health Law Panel
March 17, 2008
Health law attorneys from public and private sectors discussed hot topics in health law, their individual experiences and how to break into the field.
Diverse Perspectives on Current Issues
Two weeks of events
International Career Paths for U.S. Attorneys
March 5 , 2008
A panel of international LL.M. students discussed opportunities and barriers for U.S. attorneys wishing to working abroad in their home countries. The panel was moderated by Sabrina Halloran, associate director for International and LL.M. advising. Sponsored by the Office of Graduate and International Programs.
View all events in "Diverse Perspectives" series
Diverse Perspectives on Current Issues
Two weeks of events
SALSA and LALSA’s Annual Food and Dance Celebration
March 5 , 2008
Dance performances by Essencia Latina and the Boston University Bhangra Team. Sponsored by SALSA and LALSA.
View all events in "Diverse Perspectives" series
Diverse Perspectives on Current Issues
Two weeks of events
Tax Time: A Discussion of Diversity within the Tax Law Profession
March 4 , 2008
The ABA Section of Taxation and Ropes & Gray presented a tax career panel & networking event. This event was designed to present information about tax law practice and to provide the opportunity to network with some of the top tax attorneys in Boston. Panelists included Ameek Ponda, Sullivan & Worcester, Nelson Suit, Wellington Management, Stephen Mosha, PricewaterhouseCoopers, Tamara Ashford, Acting Program Manager for the Joint International Tax Shelter Information Centre (JITSIC). Moderated by Barbara Lum, Co-Chair, APALSA. Sponsored by the American Bar Association and Ropes & Gray.
View all events in "Diverse Perspectives" series
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
“Hume on the Origins of Law” featuring Aaron Garrett, Boston University, Philosophy Department
March 3, 2008
Diverse Perspectives on Current Issues
Two weeks of events
Silencing the Minority? What do Voter ID Laws Mean for Minority Voters?
March 3 , 2008
Crawford v. Marion County Election Board was argued before the Supreme Court on January 9, 2008. This case was discussed by BU Law Professor Hugh Baxter and Glenn Magpantay, attorney with the Asian American Legal Defense and Education Fund (AALDEF) and co-author of an amicus brief to the Supreme Court opposing the Indiana voter.
View all events in "Diverse Perspectives" series
 |
“A Primer on US Health Care,” LLM Spring Colloquium Presentation featuring Professor Kevin Outterson
February 25, 2008
The Spring Colloquium Series is an event for all LL.M. in American Law and LL.M. in Intellectual Property Law students. The featured presenter for the first colloquium was Professor Kevin Outterson, who discussed globalization and health.
Diverse Perspectives on Current Issues
Two weeks of events
The New Bedford Raids: U.S. Immigration Policy in Action
February 25, 2008
Harvey Kaplan (’74) and BU Law Professor Nancy Kelly discussed the facts and issues surrounding the New Bedford raids that involved 350 workers and left 100-200 children without parental supervision. As part of the New Bedford Massachusetts Raids Response Legal Team, Harvey has argued for temporary restraining orders that would prevent the deportation of workers. Students had the chance to ask questions about the effects of the raids, immigration policy and related topics. Sponsored by the Student Affairs Office.
 |
Lecture featuring Justice Caroline Berger ('76)
February 25, 2008
Justice Berger ('76) discussed her career in the judiciary and recent developments in Delaware corporate law. Justice Berger received a Masters in Elementary Education in 1971 from the Boston University School of Education and her J.D. from BU Law.
Audio footage (BU login required)
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
“Administration and ‘The Democracy’: Administrative Law from Jackson to Lincoln, 1829-1861” featuring Jerry Mashaw, Yale Law School
February 25, 2008
The Elizabeth Battelle Clark Legal History Series
“The Twist of Long Terms: Disasters, Elected Judges, and American Tort Law” featuring Jed Handelsman Shugerman, Harvard Law School
February 20, 2008
Brown Bag Lunch Talk featuring Harvard Law Professor Jack Goldsmith
February 20, 2008
Harvard Law Professor Jack Goldsmith served as head of the Office of Legal Counsel under President Bush which, according to The NewYork Times, "...put him at the center of critical debates within the ush administration about its continuing response to 9/11--debates about coercive interrogation, secret surveillance and the detention and trial of enemy combatants." According to The NewYork Times, he and other administration lawyers challenged what he considered to be "constitutional excesses" of legal policies related to the war on terror. Professor Goldsmith subsequently wrote a book which recounts his experiences as head of the OLC titled, "The Terror Presidency: Law and Judgment Inside the Bush Administration."
Morin Center Derivatives lecture featuring David Rosato
February 14, 2008
David Rosato, senior vice president and and treasurer of Webster Bank NA and a board member of the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston, delivered a lecture on derivatives. This lecture introduced students to the concept of derivative securities and how they are used by companies and financial institutions to hedge against risks.
 |
Public Interest Lunch featuring Professor Sean Kealy
February 14, 2008
Professor Sean Kealy spoke to students interested in careers in public policy or the legislature regarding his experience working for the Attorney General’s Office and a State Senator.
 |
Lecture featuring Congressman Barney Frank (D-MA)
Chairman, House Financial Services Committee
February 11, 2008
Sponsored by the Morin Center for Banking & Financial Law
Congressman Barney Frank brings his well-deserved reputation for wit and wisdom to his new role as chairman of the House Financial Services Committee. In these tumultuous times, he is shaping the debate over the economy and the international capital markets. Chairman Frank's remarks promise to be provocative.
Barney Frank has been in Congress since 1981. He is the chairman of the Financial Services Committee. Previously, he was a Massachusetts State Representative and an assistant to the mayor of Boston. He has also taught at several Boston area universities.
This event marked the third lecture of the Edward Lane-Reticker Speaker Series, a series of lectures delivered during each academic term to honor the life and work of Edward Lane-Reticker, a distinguished friend, mentor and teacher who served as associate director of the Morin Center for Banking and Financial Law.
>>Audio
News coverage from event:
- "What Caused the Subprime Crisis?" BU Today (feature & video)
- “Bad lenders still seen targeting minorities,” Reuters.com
- “Mass. congressman works to increase mortgage regulation,” NECN.com(feature & video)
- “U.S. Banks, Treasury Plan New Bid to Cut Foreclosures (Update2),” Bloomberg.com
Lecture featuring Attorney Alan Gura: "District of Columbia v. Heller- Does a D.C. Law Violate the Second Amendment Rights of Individuals Not in a State- Regulated Militia? But Who Want Handguns and Other Firearms for Private Use in Homes?"
February 5, 2008
Sponsored by the BU Law Federalist Society and the Student Affairs Office
Attorney AlanGura is the lead counsel for the Heller plaintiffs in this case, which will be argued in the U.S. Supreme Court in March. At issue is a 31-year-old Washington, D.C. law banning handguns and requiring that all shotguns and rifles be kept unloaded and either trigger-locked or disassembled at all times. There is no exception for self-defense.
Gura is a founding member of Gura & Possessky, PLLC, a Washington, D.C. law firm focusing primarily on civil rights, appellate litigation, intellectual property and media/entertainment matters. Prior to opening his own practice in 2001, Gura's experience included service as a Deputy Attorney General for the State of California, Counsel to the U.S. Senate Judiciary Committee, and as an attorney with the Washington, D.C. office of Sidley & Austin. He began his legal career clerking for the Hon. Terrence W. Boyle, United States District Judge for the Eastern District of North Carolina. He received his BA from Cornell University, and his J.D. from Georgetown University.
Lecture: " Lawyering from Washington, D.C." featuring Judy Waxman, Vice President, National Women's Law Center
February 4, 2008
Sponsored by BU Law's Women's Law Association & the Law Students for Reproductive Justice.
Judy Waxman, Vice President and Director of Health and Reproductive Rights at the National Women's Law Center shared her vast experiences as a lawyer in the public sector. She spoke specifically to her current work at the National Women's Law Center, including her efforts on lifting religious restrictions in hospitals, obtaining contraceptive insurance coverage and fighting pharmacy refusals.
Judy Waxman has been an advocate for low-income families on health issues for more than 25 years. She joined the National Women's Law Center in February 2003 after more than a decade at Families USA, where she served as deputy executive director. Waxman now leads the National Women's Law Center's health team, which is at the forefront of major legal and public policy initiatives to protect and advance women's health and reproductive rights. In addition to working for non-profit advocacy organizations, Waxman has worked as an attorney at the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, served on the staff of a Congressional Commission on Health Care chaired by Senator Rockefeller, and taught health law at Georgetown University Law Center. She is the author of numerous publications.
"Tackling Global Health Issues Through Law & Policy"
The American Journal of Law and Medicine Annual Symposium
February 2, 2008
This working conference brought together a broad spectrum of scholars and key stakeholders to discuss how the law can address global health issues. A wide range of topics was discussed, including: how the law can be used to combat disease in the third world (including the AIDS epidemic), government regulatory efforts on the American health care system and legal and policy issues for the global pharmaceutical industry.