Previous studies of pueblo room function have been limited in their analytic capability by dependence on a specific ethnographic model that emphasizes the architectural characteristics of rooms in interpreting room function. This paper discusses the limitations of this method and presents an alternative approach that shifts the emphasis to the activities that take place in rooms and the implements and materials used in those activities as the definers of room function. This approach is developed in the examination of room function at Grasshopper, a large, 14th-century pueblo in the mountains of east-central Arizona. The typology developed with this approach is used in a preliminary examination of various aspects of the community's domestic organization.