Institute for the Classical Tradition
ANRW II.36.4, pp. 2257-2327
 
Epicureanism under the Roman Empire
by John Ferguson †, Birmingham
revised and supplemented by Jackson P. Hershbell, Minneapolis, Minnesota

Contents

I. Introduction

2260

II. Epicureanism under the Republic

2261

1. Epicureanism in the Third and Second Centuries B.C.

2261

2. Epicureanism at the end of the Republic

2262

III. The Augustan Age

2263

1. Augustus and Epicureanism

2263

2. Epicurean 'friends' of Augustus

2263

3. The Epicureanism of Maecenas

2263

4. The Epicureanism of Vergil

2265

5. The Epicureanism of Vergil's friends

2267

6. Horace's Epicureanism

2268

7. Propertius and Tibullus

2270

8. Epicureanism in Vitruvius

2270

9. Medicine and Epicureanism

2271

10. Livy and Epicureanism

2271

11. Ovid and Epicureanism

2272

12. Summary of Epicureanism in the Augustan Age

2273

IV. The First Century A.D.

2273

1. Epicureanism and Judaism, and especially Philo of Alexandria

2273

2. Epicureanism, Christianity and the Writings of Paul

2275

3. Petronius

2277

4. Other Epicureans of the First Century

2279

5. Seneca

2280

6. Herculaneum and the villa suburbana dei papiri

2283

7. Pap. Oxy. 215

2283

8. Other Latin Writers and Epicureanism

2283

A. Persius

2283

B. Quintilian

2284

C. Statius

2284

D. Valerius Flaccus

2284

E. Silius

2284

F. Pliny the Elder

2284

G. Codex Vossianus Q. 86

2285

9. Concluding observations

2285

V. The Second Century A.D.

2285

1. Plotina

2285

2. Tacitus

2286

3. Plutarch

2286

4. Juvenal

2286

5. Hadrian

2287

6. Some known Epicureans of the Second Century

2288

7. Diogenianus

2289

8. Diogenes of Oenoanda

2290

9. Lucian

2293

10. Writers more or less hostile to Epicureanism

2294

A. Epictetus

2294

B. Marcus Aurelius

2294

C. Apuleius

2294

D. Aulus Gellius

2295

E. Cleonides

2295

F. Dio of Prusa

2295

G. Numenius

2295

H. Aristocles

2296

I. Sextus Empiricus

2296

J. Atticus

2296

K. Athenaeus

2296

L. Aetius

2296

11. Second Century A.D. references to Epicurus

2297

12. Epitaphs and Epicurean sentiments

2297

13. Epicureanism and Early Christian Writers

2298

A. Justin

2299

B. Athenagoras

2299

C. Irenaeus

2300

D. Theophilus of Antioch

2300

E. Minucius Felix

2300

F. Isidore (?)

2301

14. The Talmud and Epicureanism

2301

15. Summary

2302

VI. The Third Century A.D.

2302

1. Christian Writers continued

2302

A. Tertullian

2302

B. Hippolytus of Rome

2303

C. Clement of Alexandria

2303

D. Origen

2304

E. Pseudo-Clement

2305

F. Dionysius of Alexandria

2305

G. Arnobius

2306

2. References to the Epicureans which occur in other writers

2307

A. Aelian

2307

B. Philostratus

2308

C. Galen

2308

D. Diogenes Laertius

2308

E. Longinus

2308

F. Alexander of Aphrodisias

2309

G. Plotinus

2309

H. Porphyry

2309

3. Epitaphs of the Third Century

2310

4. Summary

2311

VII. The Fourth Century A.D.

2311

1. Diocletian

2311

2. Christian Writers and Epicureanism

2312

A. Lactantius

2312

B. Eusebius

2313

C. Athanasius

2313

D. Hilary of Poitiers

2314

E. Basil

2314

F. Gregory of Nazianzus

2314

G. Gregory of Nyssa

2315

H. Eunomius

2315

I. Ambrose

2315

J. Pelagius

2316

K. Augustine

2316

L. Jerome

2317

M. Paulinus of Nola

2318

N. Prudentius

2318

3. Non-Christian Writers

2318

A. Julian the Apostate

2318

B. Themistius

2318

C. Sallustius

2318

D. Macrobius

2319

E. Claudian

2319

F. Sulpicius

2319

4. Inscriptional evidence

2320

5. Busts of Epicurus

2321

6. Summary

2321

VIII. The Fifth Century Onwards

2321

1. Synesius

2321

2. Theodoretus

2322

3. Epicureanism in the West

2323

A. Martianus Capella

2323

B. Salvian

2323

C. Orientius

2323

D. Claudius Marius Victor

2323

E. Caelius Aurelianus

2324

F. Claudianus Mamertus

2324

G. Apollinaris Sidonius

2324

H. Boethius

2324

I. Fulgentius

2325

4. Epicureanism in the East

2325

A. Socrates

2325

B. Synesius

2325

C. John Stobaeus

2325

D. Proclus

2326

E. Marinus

2326

F. Justinian and philosophy at Athens

2326

IX. Conclusions

2326
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