HI 100 – Freshman History Seminar
Focusing on provocative themes and dramatic moments, these seminars introduce the art of historical writing while cultivating practical skills. Students learn how to analyze historical literature and debates as well as primary sources such as memoirs and fiction. Freshman only, carries Writing Program credit (CAS WR 100).

HI 101 – The Dawn of Europe: Antiquity to the Renaissance
Covers the origins and rise of Europe, with emphasis on Greek and Roman antiquity, medieval institutions, the Renaissance city-state, and religious reform. Typical readings may include Thucydides' Peloponnesian War, The Bible, Machiavelli's The Prince, and Luther's Christian Liberty. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 102 – The Emergence of Modern Europe: Renaissance to the Present
Political and religious change; Enlightenment and Revolution; industrialization and the nation state; and modernity, the World Wars, and their consequences. Typical readings may include Rousseau's Social Contract, Marx and Engels' Communist Manifesto, and Silone's Bread and Wine. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 150 – Freshman Writing and Research Seminar
These seminars bring students out of the classroom and into the archive and library. Students hone their detective skills by learning how historians investigate the past through primary sources including diaries, novels, government documents, and scientific treatises. Satisfies WR 150 requirement.

HI 151 – The Emerging United States to 1865
Colonial society and the roots of the American Revolution; federalism, nationalism, Jeffersonian democracy; Jackson and democratic capitalism; expansion and imperialism; slavery and civil war. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 152 – The United States since 1865
Reconstruction, industrialism, and recent social movements; labor and populism, imperial expansion, progressive politics, World War I, 1920s prosperity and the Great Depression, the New Deal, World War II, and the Cold War. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 175 – World History I: Origins of Humanity to ca. 1500
Interrelationships among major world civilizations of Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe to 1500.

HI 176 – World History II: 1500 to the Present
Interrelationships among major world civilizations of Asia, Africa, the Americas, and Europe from 1500 to the present. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 190 – Making History: Conflict and Community in Boston’s Past
A hands-on course that combines lectures and discussions with original archival research and visits to local historical sites. Students are introduced to pivotal episodes in Boston's history and shown how practicing historians conduct their research and make it public. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 200 – The Historian's Craft
Required introductory course for concentrators, normally taken in their sophomore year. Intended to develop critical reading and analytical skills in history. Works examined are drawn from different fields and periods. Weekly written exercises, oral reports, and class discussions.

HI 201 – History of Medieval Europe
Traces the evolution of medieval civilization from the fourth to the fourteenth centuries. Emphasizes three main themes: the political and social development of western Europe, the evolution of Latin Christianity, and the role of popular culture. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 203.

HI 202 – Medieval Intellectual History
Examines the major authors and issues in philosophy, science, and political theory in the medieval Latin West, fourth to fifteenth centuries. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 305.

HI 203 – Magic, Science, and Religion
Boundaries and relationships between magic, science, and religion from late antiquity through the European Enlightenment. Topics include transformation of pagan traditions, distinctions between learned and popular traditions, Scientific Revolution, and changing assumptions about God and Nature. Also offered as CAS RN 242. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 306.

HI 204 – History of the Crusades
The origin and development of the Crusade movement in Western Christendom: the first four Crusades, their cause and results; crusader finance, preaching, and military recruitment; changing focus of Crusade movements from the Holy Land to other areas. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 308.

HI 205 – Millenarian Expectations in Western History, Year 1-2000
The role of millenarian expectations (belief in an imminent, radical transformation of the world) in the development of the modern West. Apocalyptic expectations and millenarian groups, secularization of millenarian hopes, and disappointed expectations in the emergence of modern industrial society. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 309.

HI 206 – Heresy and Persecution in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Studies the shared ideals and mutual antagonism of the radical Christian movements that appeared inside and outside the Church around the millennium. Traces the conflict's multiple sources as well as the emergence of Crusade and Inquisition to combat this "popular heresy." This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 310.

HI 207 – Honor-Shame: Middle Ages, Modern World
Considers the dynamics of "honor-shame" cultures generally, then examines their role in the European Middle Ages and the contemporary world. Attempts to understand how other cultures can emphasize significantly different values and social interactions from Western ones. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 304.

HI 208 – Renaissance Europe
The main political, socioeconomic, intellectual, and artistic currents in Italy (c. 1350-1530) and northwestern Europe (c. 1500-1560); emphasis on leading thinkers (Petrarch, Bruni, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, and Montaigne) as creators of the modern Western mind. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 311.

HI 209 – Christendom Divided: Reformation and Religious Conflict in Early Modern Europe
Religious change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries centuries; the origins and causes of the Protestant Reformation; the Catholic Reformation; the resulting civil wars in the Germanies, France, and the Netherlands; and pertinent aspects of Tudor and Stuart England. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 312. Also offered as CAS RN 310.

HI 210 – Europe between Renaissance and Revolution
Surveys the key movements that transformed European culture, politics, and intellectual life between the fifteenth and eighteenth centuries: the Renaissance, Protestant and Catholic Reformations, new age of science and exploration, absolutism and constitutional monarchy, Enlightenment, and French Revolution. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 204.

HI 211 – The Age of Discoveries
European discovery, colonization, and exploitation of the non-European world from the fifteenth century to the seventeenth: material, political, and religious factors; Columbus and his legacy; the importance of European events to overseas developments; and the rise of the Protestant maritime powers. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 210.

HI 212 – Early Modern Europe, 1715-90
Eighteenth-century western and central Europe emphasizing Britain, France, Prussia, and Austria. Focus on international relations, military establishments, and the art of war, monarchy, and administration; the European economy; changing relations of social classes; and the Enlightenment. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 313.

HI 215 – The European Enlightenment
Survey of the intellectual and social transformation of Europe from the 1680s to the French Revolution. Readings draw on both eighteenth-century sources (including Voltaire, Diderot, Condorcet, Lessing, Smith, and Hume) and recent work by historians. Also offered as CAS PO 395. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 314.

HI 216 – Women and Gender in European History
An overview of women's public and private roles and the attitudes that have shaped these roles from the Middle Ages to the present. The cultural construction of femininity and its social, economic, and political consequences for European women.

HI 217 – History of Europe, 1815-1914
Survey of Europe from the Congress of Vienna to World War I. Development of liberalism, nationalism, socialism, democracy, science, and technology; their conflict and accommodation with traditionalism and conservatism. The Industrial Revolution and economic growth. Increasing complexity of international relations leading to world war. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 231.

HI 218 – History of Contemporary Europe, 1900 to the Present
Narrative and interpretive account of twentieth-century Europe. Emphasis on sociopolitical and cultural aspects of the topic, the impact of World War I, the Communist and Fascist revolutions, the loss of European significance after World War II, and the emergence of the European Common Market. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 232.

HI 219 – Jews in the Modern World
The Jewish nation in the Ottoman Empire; social and economic effects of European emancipation; rise of modern antisemitism; intra-European and cross-Atlantic immigration patterns; the Holocaust; the state of Israel and modern Jewish identity. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 223.

HI 220 – The Culture of World War I
Studies World War I through works of literature, art, and music. Themes include initial optimism, the brutal reality of the trenches, and consequences of the peace. Works by Owen, Sassoon, Brooke, Kandinsky, Picasso, Grosz, Mahler, Stravinsky, Berg, Jünger, Céline, Woolf. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 235.

HI 221 – Catastrophe & Memory
Examines the ways in which catastrophes, both natural and social, enter into cultural memory. Goal is to understand how events that seem to defy comprehension are represented in works of art and given a place in the memory of a culture. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the title "Catastrophe and Cultural Memory" that was previously numbered CAS HI 248. Also offered as CAS PO 397.

HI 222 – Science and Technology in World History
Surveys developments in the history of science and technology in world history from the invention of agriculture to twenty-first century globalization. Examines how science and technology grow and the ways in which they interact in the ambient culture. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 275.

HI 223 – Intellectual History of Europe in the Nineteenth Century
Explores the primary thinkers, themes, and currents of the period, encompassing political theory, philosophy, literature, religion, and art. Themes include the legacy of the Enlightenment and the French Revolution, European conservatism, romanticism, liberalism, revolutionary socialism, realism in art, and culture of decadence. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 315.

HI 224 – Intellectual History of Europe in the Twentieth Century
Major figures and movements from 1890 to the present. Topics include the critique of positivism, the exploration of the unconscious, modern styles in art, reshaping Marxist theory, advances in sociology, the impact of war on modern literature and ethics. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 316.

HI 225 – Communications Revolutions from Language to Cyberspace
History of communications revolutions from the origin of human language through writing to current global revolutions. Focus on the western socio-political matrix of communications technology, implications for both cognitive and social relations, and dilemmas created for cultures by the increased flow of information. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 348.

HI 226 – Cities and Cultures
Examines the relationship between cultural expression and political, social, and economic change by focusing on cities such as Florence, Amsterdam, Paris, London, and Vienna during times of intense creativity and upheaval. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 339.

HI 228 – History of Modern Diplomacy: Institutions, Practices, and Principles, 1400-1919
Surveys the evolution of the institutions, practices, and principles of diplomacy in European interstate relations from 1400 to 1919. Special attention to the balance of power concept and its critics, and to alternative theories and measures for managing international relations. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 340.

HI 229 – The Great Powers and the Eastern Mediterranean
The Eastern Mediterranean as center of Great Power confrontation. Its impact on wider international relations, the domestic political results, the role of sea power, and the origins, conduct, and resolution of wars. Also offered as CAS IR 325. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 344.

HI 243 – Britain and the European Question: The Confluence of History and Politics
(Meets with CAS IR 392 E.) Historical and political overview of Britain's evolving relationship with Europe between 1945 and 1992 in the context of ongoing debates concerning national sovereignty and national modernization, losing an empire and maintaining a world role, and the "special relationship" with the United States.

HI 244 – England in the Middle Ages
England's development from the Celtic Age to the Tudor dynasty. Emphasizes social and religious/intellectual changes within the broader context of England's unique political evolution from a strife-torn backwater to a leading European power. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 318.

HI 245 – Tudor England, 1485-1603
A survey of that turbulent and volatile century that witnessed the apprenticeship of England for a role of world importance. Special attention to the development of state power, the growth of religious diversity, the major economic and social transformations, as well as the resulting cultural development. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 319.

HI 246 – London Since 1666: Imperial Capital to World City
Social, economic, and cultural history of London since 1666. How London developed from the modest- sized capital of England to the capital of the British Empire and the world's largest city, to the modern multicultural city of today's European Union and globalizing world. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 303 E.

HI 247 – The Making of Modern Britain
Political, social, and intellectual developments; emphasis on evolution of cabinet government and the party system; the industrial revolution and social problems; political reform and the emergence of democracy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 321.

HI 248 – Twentieth Century Britain
A political, social, and cultural history of England with emphasis on the impact of the two world wars, the emergence of the welfare state, the loss of empire, and Britain's relations with Europe. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 322.

HI 249 – London Women's Social History from Aphra Behn to The Blitz
Examines the lives of women in London over the past three centuries from a social history perspective. Students work with primary source materials. Also offered as CAS WS 310 E.

HI 250 – British Youth Culture from 1950 to the Present
The impact of black and white cultures of America and Britain; also, the influence of Europe, the Caribbean, Africa, Asia, and British folk traditions in the context of social change in the second half of the twentieth century.

HI 251 – Cultural Capital: The History of Popular Culture in London
Traces the development of popular culture in London from the late eighteenth century to the present. Concerned with popular cultural "texts" as well as popular cultural sites. Organized chronologically, from the early origins of modern culture to the present. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 320 E.

HI 252 – Class, Power, and the Making of British Identity
Interdisciplinary study (art, architecture, literature) of the legacy and history of the British self-image. Develops an understanding of Britain's unique character through study of historical, political, and cultural contexts. Lectures, discussions, and three guided field trips. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 326 E.

HI 253 – London at War: From the Home Front to the Frontline
Examines ways in which the two world wars influenced British society and changed social identities. Explores and evaluates English war experiences through dimensions of gender, race/ethnicity, and class. Includes lectures, field study visits, and discussion.

HI 254 – History of Ireland
Examination of four themes: Ireland's relationship with England; Ireland and the Catholic Church; Ireland during the Union with Great Britain (especially the famine); and the emergence of the modern Irish nation. Emphasis on economic, political, and religious developments. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 325.

HI 255 – History of Spain, 711-1898
A survey of Spanish history from 711 to 1898, examining the political, social, and economic, and cultural events that shaped Spain in its modern form. Places Spain in a European context. Includes field trips around Madrid. Also offered as CAS LS 340 E.

HI 257 – Early Medieval Spain
History of Spain from the fifth through thirteenth centuries; late Roman Spain, Visigoths, Islamic conquest, society and culture of Islamic Spain, rise of Christian kingdoms; conquest and settlement of Andalusia, social relations and cultural exchange among Christians, Muslims, and Jews. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 327.

HI 258 – Reform and Reaction in Modern Spain
Social, political, and intellectual confrontation between traditionalists and liberals from the Revolution of 1868 to the Second Republic and Spanish Civil War (1936-39). Franco's Fascist state and the transition to democracy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 328.

HI 260 – The Venetian Republic
Traces the rise of Venice from its scattered settlements to the height of its imperial glory. Lectures and detailed guided visits to sites in and around the city illuminate the history of Venice through its rich cultural heritage. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 324 E.

HI 262 – Modern Italian History
From Unification (1860-1870) to the founding of the Republic (1947-1948). Enlightenment, Restoration, the Risorgimento; nation-building and the liberal parliamentary government; the Great War; Fascism; Resistance; fall of the monarchy; founding of the Republic. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 330.

HI 264 – French Feudal Society, 496-1339
The development after the barbarian invasions of a new society based on landholding and personal loyalties. Examination of its social tensions and warfare, the role of women, chivalry, the growth of towns and universities, and the centralism of Capetian and Valois kings. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 331.

HI 265 – Early Modern France
Principal political, social, and cultural developments from 1500 to 1789. The Renaissance, Wars of Religion, Age of Louis XIV, and the end of the old regime. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 332.

HI 266 – French Revolution and Napoleon
Origins of the revolution; principal events in terms of political, social, and cultural impact on France and Europe; Napoleon's restructuring of France and Europe; the settlements of 1815. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 333.

HI 267 – Nineteenth-Century France
Political, economic, social, and cultural developments of France, 1814-1914. Themes include the enduring legacy of the Revolution in French politics, romanticism, industrialization, impressionism and the avant-garde, nationalism, the Dreyfus affair. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 334.

HI 270 – Germany, 1914 to the Present
German history from the beginning of World War I to the present, with emphasis on the politico-social developments, the Nazi attempt to control Europe, the growing division of Germany, the integration of West and East Germany into power blocs, and German reunification. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 338.

HI 272 – History of Russia, 1689-1917
Political, socioeconomic, diplomatic, cultural, and intellectual history of Russia from the reign of Peter the Great through the revolutions of 1905 and 1917. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 345.

HI 273 – History of the Soviet Union and Post-Communist Russia, 1917 to the Present
Evolution of Soviet Russia from the outbreak of World War I to the present. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course by the same title that was previously offered as CAS HI 346.

HI 274 – Issues in Modern Russian and Soviet History, 1861–1956
Modern Russian in the imperial and Soviet eras: from the Great Reforms of Alexander II through the end of Stalin's regime. Examines Russia's political, socioeconomic, and cultural transformation from the traditional society into the first Communist state. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 347.

HI 275 – History of the Jews in Russia and Eastern Europe
A comprehensive survey of the history of the Jewish communities of Poland, Russia, and Eastern Europe from the middle of the eighteenth century until today. Topics include economic, social, religious, cultural, and political developments affecting Jews and Europeans generally. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 337.

HI 276 – Jewish Culture
This course may not be taken for credit in addition to the course by the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 343.

HI 278 – Central Europe
Intellectual, cultural, political, diplomatic, and military history of the region between Germany and Russia, from the end of the Middle Ages to the present. Also offered as CAS IR 341. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 341.

HI 280 – Special Topics in American History
Topic for Fall 2012: History of American Elections. Analysis of changes and continuities in the historical development of political parties, campaign finance structures, interest groups, political coalitions, strategies of political communication, and voter engagement and mobilization. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 351.

HI 281 – American Governance: Foreign Affairs, Politics, and Presidents in the Twentieth Century
Meets with CAS IR 356 E and CAS PO 356 E. Overview of American presidencies of the late twentieth century, specifically considering how politics relates to foreign policy in America. Concepts including isolationism, manifest destiny, moralism, rule of law, national self-interest, and terrorism are discussed. Special focus on Iraq and Afghanistan. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 356 E.

HI 283 – The Twentieth-Century American Presidency
Focus on the alterations in the institution of the presidency during the twentieth century. Consideration of Theodore Roosevelt and Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson, Nixon, and Reagan. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 372.

HI 284 – History of War
Survey of warfare from early modern times. Topics include siege warfare and the rise of mass infantry armies, war at sea, battle histories that illustrate the transition to gunpowder technology and the revolution in military affairs and the advent of total war. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 307.

HI 285 – The Navy and American History
The role the U.S. Navy has played in the nation's history, both in peace and war; the Navy, a military and political institution, as an element in shaping the national consciousness and sense of purpose. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 255.

HI 286 – The American Military Experience
Introduction to American military history from the colonial period to the role of military force in contemporary U.S. statecraft. Examines the character of the armed services, the American style of waging war, and the relationship between the military and society. Also offered as CAS IR 320. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 370.

HI 287 – History of American Foreign Relations since 1898
Analysis of the history of American foreign policy from the perspective of the changing world and regional international systems; emphasis on the effect of these systems and the impact of America on the creation and operation of international systems. Also offered as CAS PO 366. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 366.

HI 288 – American Foreign Policy Since 1945
America's tradition and heritage in foreign policy. American foreign policy during the Cold War. Conflicting approaches to the formulation of American foreign policy in the current international environment. Domestic and institutional actors in policy formulation: Congress, media, Presidency, CIA, military. Also offered as CAS IR 376. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 376.

HI 289 – History of International Relations, 1900-45
The causes and consequences of the First World War; the search for postwar reconstruction and stability during the twenties; economic collapse, revolutionary nationalism, and fascism during the 1930s; the Second World War and the advent of the bipolar world. Also offered as CAS IR 349. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 349.

HI 290 – History of International Relations since 1945
The causes and consequences of the Soviet-American Cold War from its origins in Europe to its extension to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The rise of the multipolar international system, the emergence of the nonaligned blocs, and inter- and intra-alliance conflicts. Also offered as CAS IR 350. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 350.

HI 291 – Politics of the American Environment
Examines how questions of natural resource distribution, environmental rights, and environmental hazards have shaped United States politics and governance, with a focus on the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 360.

HI 292 – Economic History of the United States
Analysis of American economic development; role of factory and frontier; changes in economic structure and institutions; parts played by government and business enterprise in development. Influence of economic conditions and occupation groupings on political alignments and on public policy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 377.

HI 293 – History of Economic Ideas
The history of theories about how the economy works and how it is conceptualized by economic theorists. Covers the main schools in the history of economic thought, from pre-Classical economists to Milton Friedman and the Chicago School. Also offered as CAS EC 331.

HI 298 – African American History
The history of African Americans from African origins to present time; consideration of slavery, reconstruction, and ethnic relations from the colonial era to our own time. Also offered as CAS AA 371. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 371.

HI 299 – History of the Civil Rights Movement
History of the African American struggle for racial equality and democracy from the turn of the century through the 1960s. Use is made of the most recent scholarship, memoirs, documentary films, and oral history accounts. Also offered as CAS AA 310. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 378.

HI 300 – American Popular Culture
Examines Americans' beliefs and the cultural forms used to convey their experiences since the late nineteenth century. Includes challenges to the Victorian order, growth of commercial entertainments, new rules and reactions to modern life, and changing understandings of the self. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 379.

HI 301 – A History of Women in the United States
Examines the ideas and experiences of women in the United States from the 1600s through the late twentieth century. Considers the common factors that shaped women's lives as well as women's diverse class, ethnic, and regional experiences. Also offered as CAS AM 375. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 375.

HI 302 – Science and American Culture
From the colonial period to the present. Such topics as the American reception of Copernicus and Newton, scientific exploration, the interaction of science and religion, the impact of science on social theory, the rise of "big science," and contemporary "science wars." This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 368.

HI 304 – Science and Christianity
Examines the relationship between science and the Christian tradition in Europe and North America since 1500. Considers the epistemological and metaphysical foundations of both science and Christian thought as they have evolved over time. Also offered as CAS RN 369. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 369.

HI 305 – American Thought and Culture, 1776-1900
Major thinkers and movements in intellectual and cultural history from the Revolution to 1900. Topics include Revolutionary republicanism, evangelical theology and democratic theory, Transcendentalism and Romantic culture, antislavery and nationality, Victorian realism, liberal Protestantism and Darwinism, and evolutionary social science. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 373.

HI 306 – American Thought and Culture, 1900 to the Present
Major thinkers and movements in intellectual and cultural history since 1900. Topics include pragmatism and progressivism; ethnic and cultural pluralism; Marxism and liberalism; Cold War ideology and neoconservatism; artistic modernism; psychoanalysis and modernization theory; the New Left, multiculturalism, and postmodernism. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 374.

HI 307 – Education in American History
Interaction between education and society during the past two centuries. Emphasis on "mass schooling" and quality of education. Relevance of the past as a key to evaluating contemporary education. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 352.

HI 308 – Religious Thought in America
Surveys many of the strategies that American religious thinkers have adopted for interpreting the cosmos, the social order and human experience, and the interaction of those strategies with broader currents of American culture. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 354. Also offered as CAS RN 314.

HI 309 – Americans in the World: United States History in Transitional Perspective
Examines how political, cultural, and social movements in the United States have connected with people and developments around the world. Topics include views of American society by outside observers, Americans' activities abroad, and their part in shaping global integration. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 367.
Blower.

HI 310 – The Peopling of America
The history of the diverse ethnic and racial composition of the American nation: the intersection of individual lives with the public policies of governments; the creation of a pluralistic society, including immigrants and the native-born, free and unfree populations. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 261.

HI 311 – The South in History and Literature
Explores the experience and culture of the U.S. South by focusing on its history and literature to understand how and why the South continues to be seen as a unique component of the larger American experience. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 660.

HI 321 – The American Revolution, 1750-1800
The political, economic, and ideological causes of the American War for Independence; the construction of a new political system amid the passions of a revolutionary upheaval; and the gradual emergence of a new economic and cultural order in the United States. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 356.

HI 322 – Colonial British America from Settlement to Revolution
Examines central themes of change in European, Native American, and African populations in North America from the European settlement to the outbreak of the American Revolution. Topics include southern plantations, New England Puritanism, and pluralism in the middle colonies. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 259.

HI 323 – British History Since 1900 I
Survey of modern British history, with special focus on government and politics. World Wars I and II, the Depression, the end of the Empire, and the rise of the Welfare State.

HI 324 – Britain: Island at War

Nolan.

HI 325 – History of Ireland
Examination of four themes: Ireland's relationship with England; Ireland and the Catholic Church; Ireland during the Union with Great Britain (especially the famine); and the emergence of the modern Irish nation. Emphasis on economic, political, and religious developments.
Kelley.

HI 326 – Historical Roots of the British Genius
Roots of Britain's special character and eminence in world history. Topics include the emergence of political liberties, industrial revolution, and the overseas empire. Artistic reflections of political and economic history in the British novel and in lyric poetry before Tennyson.

HI 328 – The Civil War Era
Social, economic, and political consequences of slavery; Southern secession and the Civil War; political reconstruction; the New South; and the betrayal of black rights. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 361.

HI 329 – The Gilded Age, 1877–1914
Examines the economic, social, cultural and political transformation from the end of the Reconstruction until 1914. Specific focus on the industrial revolution, foreign policy, the nation state, the metropolis, and conflicts that emerged in American society during the Gilded Age. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 362.

HI 330 – Modern Italian History
From Unification (1860-1870) to the founding of the Republic (1947-1948). Enlightenment, Restoration, the Risorgimento; nation-building and the liberal parliamentary government; the Great War; Fascism; Resistance; fall of the monarchy; founding of the Republic.

HI 336 – History of World Wars, 1914-1945
This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course by the same number that was previously numbered CAS HI 359.

HI 337 – The United States, 1900-1945
Industrialization; Progressivism; science; religion; expansion and World War I; immigration; the women's movement; Jim Crow; the Great Depression and New Deal; World War II; politics, culture, and diplomacy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 363.

HI 338 – The United States, 1945-68
Origins and development of Cold War; McCarthyism, Eisenhower era; civil rights; Great Society; Vietnam; new left and counterculture; feminism; rise of conservatism; religion, culture, and politics. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 364.

HI 339 – The United States since 1968
Recent political, economic, social, and cultural history. Includes Nixon, Carter, and Reagan presidencies; stagflation; Watergate; "Me Decade"; end of the Cold War. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 365.

HI 340 – History of Modern Diplomacy: Institutions, Practices, and Principles, 1400-1919
Surveys the evolution of the institutions, practices, and principles of diplomacy in European interstate relations from 1400 to 1919. Special attention to the balance of power concept and its critics, and to alternative theories and measures for managing international relations.

HI 341 – Political and Cultural Revolution
Comparative historical analysis of modern and contemporary revolutionary upheavals and cultural change in Europe, the Americas, East Asia, Africa, Middle East, and the former Soviet republics. Examines the challenges posed by modernization, crisis of legitimacy, nationalism, imperial decline, and globalization. Carries social science divisional credit in the College of Arts & Sciences. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 215.

HI 342 – Imperialism and Independence
Examines nineteenth- and twentieth-century imperialist and independence movements, focusing on the colonial projects in Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia. Analyzes imperialist ideologies and the roles nationalism, liberalism, communism, and socialism played in independence movements.

HI 347 – Reconstructing the African Past
Discusses the uses of archaeological evidence and oral tradition, as well as primary and secondary documentation, in the study of precolonial African history: early states and empires, kinship, cosmology and social order, slavery and the slave trade, and origins of racial conflict in southern Africa. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 291. Carries social science divisional credit in CAS.

HI 348 – Colonialism in Africa: Impact and Aftermath
Uses case studies of particular African societies or nations to examine patterns of European conquest and African resistance; forms of colonial administration and socioeconomic consequences of colonial rule; decolonization and contemporary African liberation movements; economic and political developments since independence; and contemporary social and cultural change. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 292.

HI 349 – History of Religion in Precolonial Africa
The study of the development of religious traditions in Africa during the period prior to European colonialism. An emphasis on both indigenous religions and the growth and spread of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in the continent as a whole. Also offered as CAS AA 382 and CAS RN 382. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 382.

HI 350 – Atlantic History
Examines the various interactions that shaped the Atlantic World, connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas between 1400 and 1800. Begins by defining the political interaction, then emphasizes cultural exchange, religious conversion, and the revolutionary era. Also offered as CAS AA 385. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 385.

HI 351 – Environmental History of Africa
Focus on the African environment and ecological systems over the past 150 years. Topics include climatic change, hydrography, agriculture, deforestation, soil erosion, disease, conservation, famine, and the role of colonialism and government policy in environmental change. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 394.

HI 352 – Power, Leadership, and Governance in Africa and the Caribbean
Haitian Revolution; British Caribbean, leadership, governance, and power in Africa during the period of legitimate trade; visionaries, dictators, and nationalist politics in the Caribbean; chiefs, western elites, and nationalism in colonial Africa; road to governance in post-colonial Caribbean and Africa. Also offered as CAS AA 395 and IR 394. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 395.

HI 353 – States and Commerce in Atlantic Africa, 1450-1850
Examines--both by region and across the larger Atlantic area--the ways that overseas commerce, in particular the slave trade, interacted with and was shaped by African politics and economic variables. Also offered as CAS AA 396. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 396.

HI 354 – History and Religion: North African Issues
Explores how the colonial experience shaped North African culture and society, and how the North African postcolonial state negotiated the legacy of colonialism and responded to the dynamics underpinning global politics. Also offered as CAS RN 346 E. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 384 E.

HI 356 – The American Revolution, 1750-1800
The political, economic, and ideological causes of the American War for Independence; the construction of a new political system amid the passions of a revolutionary upheaval; and the gradual emergence of a new economic and cultural order in the United States.
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HI 357 – The Anglo-American Legal Tradition
Describes the evolution of the Common Law of England, the later development of statute law, and the transfer of this system of law to the American colonies. The impact of the American Revolution on the legal systems of the states is examined, as well as the way the Federal Constitution created a new framework for the development of American law. The nature of the continuing tradition of Anglo-American law is discussed.

HI 360 – Blacks in Modern Europe
Readings from recent scholarly books on Blacks in Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, as well as related primary materials revealing the evolving image of Blacks in European history, folklore, religion, art, and literature. Also offered as CAS AA 380. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 380.

HI 361 – Black Radical Thought
Black radical thought in America, Europe, and Africa since the eighteenth century through writings of abolitionists, leaders of revolutions and liberation movements, Black nationalists, and Black socialists. Emphasizes the global nature of the "Black World" and its role in world history. Also offered as CAS AA 388. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 388.

HI 363 – Introduction to Early Chinese History
The development of Chinese civilization through the traditional, medieval, and early modern periods; emphasis on intellectual history and political, social, and economic institutions. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 389.

HI 364 – Introduction to Modern Chinese History
History of China from the Opium War through the Chinese revolution to the post-Mao era. Analysis of the traditional continuities and political, economic, social, and intellectual changes stimulated by modernization and revolution. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 390.

HI 365 – Shanghai: The Key to Modern China?
The social, cultural, political, and economic history of Shanghai is used as a lens to understand the making of modern China. Themes include the role of the city's colonial past in shaping its history. Students visit significant sights and museums. Also offered as CAS IR 371 E. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 387.

HI 369 – Introduction to Modern Japanese History
Developments from late Tokugawa Japan and the Meiji Restoration (1868) to the present. Focus on Japan's economic, political, and social adjustment to modern times, the evolution of twentieth century Japanese imperialism, and Japan's growth after World War II. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 391.

HI 370 – The Samurai in Myth and History
Explores how samurai, Japan's (in)famous warrior class, defined themselves, and how others have portrayed them in literature, art, plays, film, and animation from ancient times to the present. Investigates why samurai ideals have become the most widely recognized Japanese "tradition." Also offered as CAS LJ 282. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 381.

HI 372 – Asian American History
Historically follows experiences of Asian and Pacific Islander groups from circumstances of departure to arrival and adjustment to the United States. Covers themes such as similarities and dissimilarities, images and stereotypes, discrimination and oppression, resistance and adaptation, community and family. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 262.

HI 378 – Armenia from Antiquity to the Middle Ages
Introduction to Armenian history from antiquity to the medieval period. Themes include geopolitical competition for regional hegemony, the conversion to Christianity, adoption of the Armenian alphabet, quality of leadership under the five kingdoms, and the national struggle for survival. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 276.

HI 379 – Modern Armenian History and Literature
Introduction to modern Armenian history and literature from the nineteenth-century "cultural renaissance" to the upheavals of the twentieth century--genocide, independence, and Sovietization--and the literatures of Soviet Armenia and the diaspora. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 277.

HI 381 – History of Modern Iran, 1900-Present
Geographical/historical background; social structure, ethnic, religious, and linguistic diversities; Anglo-Russian interventions; consequences of tobacco concession; constitutional revolution and reform; Qajar legacy; centralization, secularization, modernization under Pahlavis; oil and Mossadeg; autocracy and revolution; liberals, communists, fundamentalists, and Islamic revolution. Also offered as CAS IR 397. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 397.

HI 382 – Turko-Persia in the Twentieth Century
The twentieth-century history of the non-Arab Muslim Middle East, i.e., Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan, and Central Asia. Analysis of the constitutional revolutions in Turkey and Iran, Kemalism, the Islamic revolution in Iran, and communism in the Soviet Union and Afghanistan. Also offered as CAS IR 328. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 398.

HI 383 – Modern History and Geopolitics of the Caucasus
Surveys history of the Caucasus with a focus on Armenia, Azerbaijan, and Georgia, from the early nineteenth century to the post-Soviet period. Explores advantages and problems of modernization, nationalism, and major power geopolitics within the context of international political economy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 399.

HI 384 – History of Genocide
History and comparative analysis of genocidal mass murder with focus on the twentieth century. Hereros, Armenians, holomodor, Holocaust, Cambodia, Rwanda, Darfur. Attention to political leaders, state ideology, dehumanization of victim groups, geopolitical competition, war, empire building and decline.

HI 385 – History of Premodern Iran
History of Iran from the Muslim conquest to 1900. Examines political developments; Persian literature, visual arts, and culture; Iranian Islam, and religious minorities. Also offered as CAS IR 329.

HI 387 – Introduction to the Middle East
General introduction to the history, culture, and current development in the Middle East. Objective is to introduce students to a specific geographical and historical experience, as well as to acquaint them with some of the literature in the field. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 392.

HI 388 – Foundations of Jewish Politics
A foundational course for the study of Jewish political history. Students gain a broad understanding of central aspects of the "Jewish political tradition" from biblical times until today -- in Europe, the Americas, and the modern Middle East. Also offered as CAS RN 332.

HI 389 – Americans and the Middle East
Examines the intersecting histories of America and the Middle East from the late eighteenth century to the present, focusing first on American missionary and educational efforts in the region and then on American political and military involvement after World War II. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 393.

HI 392 – The History of Israel: An Introduction
Beginning with Israel's creation in 1948, covers the political and military history of Israel, including the 1956 War with Egypt, the 1967 War, and the State's development to the present day. Also considers immigration and the Palestinian question.

HI 393 – Topics in the History of Israel
Special topics in the history of Israel. Topics differ from year to year. Topic Fall 2012: Israel: History, Politics, Culture, Identity. Israel's political system and society; ethnic relations; Arab minorities; implications of occupation and settlements; the struggle for Israel's identity; drawing on multiple genres including literature, popular music, film, documentaries and art. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 383.

HI 394 – U.S.-Mexican Borders
Examines the geographic border, as well as political and cultural boundaries inside Mexico and the U.S., from 1848 to the present. Topics include immigration, Mexican-American culture and politics, the Chicano Movement, economic development, gangs, the drug trade, music and art.

HI 396 – Introduction to Latin American History
Analysis and discussion of the historical and cultural antecedents of Latin America; the influence of geographic, cultural, and economic forces on the land, people, and patterns of social change during the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 281.

HI 397 – Modern Latin America
Political, economic, and cultural evolution of Latin American republics. Nineteenth-century conflicts over "civilization" vs "barbarism," liberalism vs conservatism, and slavery. Democracy and military rule in the twentieth century and efforts to create new forms of politics and citizenship. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered CAS HI 386.

HI 398 – Protest, Revolution, and Human Rights in Latin America
What happens when ordinary people and activists rise up to claim human rights? This course examines movements for land, sustainable agriculture, indigenous rights, women's rights, urban services, and freedom from racial discrimination and violence in twentieth-century Latin America.

HI 401 – Senior Honors Seminar 1
The first of a two-semester seminar that guides students through the research and writing of an honors thesis grounded in primary historical research. Students participate in a workshop environment and are matched with an additional faculty advisor.

HI 402 – Senior Honors Seminar 2
The second of a two-semester seminar that guides students through the research and writing of an honors thesis grounded in primary historical research. Students participate in a workshop environment and are matched with an additional faculty advisor.

HI 406 – Monks, Friars, and Saints
Examines various aspects of the concept of holiness in medieval society. Principal focus on the monastic and mendicant orders, tracing the changing ideals of Christian sanctity and the impact of those ideals on social movements, economic developments, and state policies.

HI 407 – Topics in Medieval Religious Culture
Topic for Spring 2012: Biblical Origins of Democratic Culture. Explores the contribution of biblical, rabbinic, and Christian social and political values to creating a demotic culture, their contribution to the establishment of modern democracies, and the challenges that face democratic culture in the twenty-first century. Also offered as CAS RN 470.

HI 409 – Medieval Science and Technology
Introduction to medieval science and technology, including the Greek and Roman inheritance, the transmission of Greek science to Europe by the Arabs, and medieval developments leading to the Scientific Revolution.

HI 412 – Popular Culture in Medieval and Early Modern Europe
An exploration of the various expressions of culture among the commoners of Europe, ca. 400-1600. Topics include religion, storytelling, material life, social and political organization, law and justice, gender roles, witchcraft and popular crusades, and the impact of the printing press.

HI 413 – Gender in Medieval Christian Mysticism
Study of the Christian mystical traditions of medieval Europe, both orthodox and heretical, with particular emphasis on the role of gender and authority in mystical writing, practice, and teaching. Also offered as CAS RN 413.

HI 414 – Society and Culture in Early Modern Europe
Selected topics in the social history of Europe between the Renaissance and the Age of Revolution: family and society, urban history, elites, social protest, and popular rebellion.

HI 417 – England from Reformation to Revolution
Transformation of English society in the period between 1520 and 1660, and the origins of England's global expansion in the seventeenth century. Topics include the English Reformation, the Elizabethan settlement, the reign of James I and Charles I, civil war.

HI 423 – History of the European Union, 1945 to the Present
Analysis of the road to European unity, wartime plans for federalism, significance of the Cold War, failure of political union and success of economic cooperation, "Gaullism" vs. "Atlanticism," history of the "subsidiarity principle," and the Treaty of Maastricht.

HI 424 – European Socialism, 1789-1989
Explores the social origins and theoretical traditions of European socialism, including conceptions of social justice and economic organization, women's rights and internationalism. Investigates the Russian Revolution, Marxism in the West, Eastern European communism after 1945, and communism's collapse in 1989.

HI 425 – Women and Gender in Early Modern Europe
Examination of women's roles from the later Middle Ages through the era of the French Revolution. Women at work and in the family, their place in religious practice, civil society, and political change.

HI 426 – Music and Ideas from Mozart to the Jazz Age
Studies selected masterworks of western music in historical context. Critical essays, literature, and philosophy from the period illuminate each work?s setting, and recent scholarship provides varied approaches for understanding the influences affecting each work.

HI 428 – Postwar European Culture
Selected topics in western European culture since 1945, including the legacy of war, the impact of economic recovery, the press, colonialism and its critics, new departures in literature and film, the decline of Marxism, and attitudes toward America.

HI 429 – British History Since 1900 II
Social history of Britain since 1900, focusing on its demography and immigration; poverty, inequality, and social services; health, housing, and education; and the changing role of women.

HI 430 – Comparative European Fascism
Analysis of the fascist phenomenon stressing its comparative and cross-cultural aspects. Delineation of characteristics of fascist movements in Italy, Germany, England, France, southeastern Europe, and the Iberian Peninsula.

HI 432 – Research Seminar and Tutorial in English History
Considers the relationship between the past and the present, and surveys the evolution of key historiographical trends in modern English--and British--history, and how various types of sources have illuminated different aspects of the past.

HI 433 – History of Ireland and Northern Ireland Since 1916
Selected topics in the history of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland since 1916 with emphasis on political and economic developments and the crisis in Northern Ireland.

HI 434 – Monarchy in Modern Britain
A seminar probing seminal moments in the history of modern British sovereignty, when the politics of the court intersected with the politics of the people. Particular consideration is given to how monarchy has survived as an institution.

HI 435 – Histories of Human Rights
Traces Westerners' development of a humanitarian sensibility in the eighteenth century and considers how this sensibility was deployed in struggles over the rights of various groups during the modern period. Emphasis on Anglo-American contributions.

HI 436 – The Great War and the Fragile Peace
Exploration of the military, political, social, economic, and cultural consequences of the First World War and the peace conference of 1919. Focuses on technological innovations, the expanded role of the state, and the long-range impact of the Versailles settlement. Also offered as CAS IR 436.

HI 440 – Refugee Intellectuals (1933-1950)
Examination of the flight of intellectuals (including Mann, Adorno, Schoenberg) from Europe to the United States in the wake of Hitler's rise to power, drawing on accounts by the exiles themselves, their works, and subsequent studies by historians of the period.

HI 443 – Jews in Modern German History
Explores the history of Jews in Germany from the Enlightenment until today, focusing on emancipation, the social and economic transformation of German Jews, minority identity formation, new religious expressions and cultural contributions, anti-Semitism, Zionism, and responses to the Holocaust.

HI 446 – The Russian Revolution
Examination of the 1917 Russian Revolution in the broad political, cultural, socioeconomic, and psychological context of Russian history. Topics include the downfall of the Romanov dynasty, Lenin and his rivals, the Bolshevik takeover and early policies, Sovietization of Russian society.

HI 448 – Science and Modern Culture: Darwin, Freud, and Einstein
Development of scientific theories of Darwin, Freud, and Einstein; impact of those ideas in different national cultures and their influence on literature, art, religion, and politics of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries.

HI 453 – Three Revolutions
Examines the rise of a distinctive Anglo-American political culture in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Focus on the effects of the English civil wars, the Glorious Revolution, and the American Revolution on political thought, institutions, and behavior in America and Britain.

HI 454 – War and American Society, 1607-1973
Examines the American experience with war between the time of the initial European settlement in the seventeenth century and the end of the Vietnam war. Attention to theoretical and institutional change as well as events.

HI 455 – Early American History and Culture
Selected topics in the social and cultural history of America during the colonial and revolutionary eras. Emphasis on the exploration and colonization of New England and the transition from a pre-industrial to an industrializing society.

HI 456 – Religion and American Culture
Selected topics on the interaction of religion and American history from the colonial period to the present.

HI 461 – The Civil War in American Memory
Examines the ways in which Americans have thought about the experiences of the Civil War, from the immediate postwar period through the later years of the twentieth century.

HI 462 – History of the American South
The South in American history from the period of colonial settlement through the Civil Rights movement of the twentieth century. Through readings and discussion the course considers whether or not there has been a distinctive Southern identity in American history.

HI 464 – America and the Interwar Period, 1919-41
The relationship and interaction of the U.S. with other powers. The nature of American isolationism and the ways in which the U.S. faced the European and Far Eastern crises of the 1930s is the focal point, but attention is also given to those domestic developments that affected American responses.

HI 465 – The United States and the Cold War
Examination of U.S. Cold War foreign policy from its origins at the end of World War II to the collapse of the Berlin Wall and of the Soviet Union. Also offered as CAS IR 465.

HI 467 – Postwar America: Issues in Political, Cultural, and Social History, 1945-69
Topics include Cold War, McCarthyism, fifties ideology, War on Poverty, civil rights movement, Vietnam, New Left, counterculture, rise and decline of liberalism.

HI 468 – American Society since 1970: Issues in Domestic Political, Cultural, and Social History
A historical investigation of the United States at the end of the American century, including Watergate and the imperial presidency, stagflation, the "New Politics" and the "Me Decade," conservatism, feminism, race relations, religion, politics, culture, community and family life.

HI 472 – Wars of the Twentieth and Twenty-First Centuries
Examines the origins, conduct, and consequences of major conflicts of the past century, beginning with the Boer War and ending with the U.S. conflict in Iraq. Also offered as CAS IR 472.

HI 475 – American Consumer History
The history of consumerism in modern America. Topics include origins and critiques of the culture of consumption; the development of national markets; advertising and commercial amusements; and the relationship of consumer society to religion, gender, ethnicity, and class.

HI 476 – Technology in American Society
Technology in American society from the colonial era to World War II. Topics include industrialization, scientific management, household technologies, and the auto age.

HI 479 – Impact of Darwin
Influence of Darwinian evolution on various human activities. Genesis of Darwin's theory; intellectual and social climate for reception of Darwinism in different societies; its impact on natural and social sciences; conflict between evolution and religion.

HI 481 – Looking East, Looking West: Mutual (Mis)Representations of Japan and the West
Examines how understandings of the differences between "east" and "west" developed from ancients precedents through modern times as trade, missionary activity, and imperialism intensified contact and conflict in Japan's relations with western countries over the past 500 years.

HI 482 – Merchants, Pirates, Missionaries, and the State in Maritime Asia, 600-2000
Oceans connected the peoples of coastal Asia, Africa, and Oceania for centuries before the arrival of Europeans in the 1500s. This course examines the commercial, religious, cultural, political, and military dynamics of maritime Asia up to the present, showing the region's historical and current importance.

HI 484 – Revolutionary Change in North Africa and the Middle East
Analysis of problems of revolutionary change and development theories as they apply to North Africa and the Middle East.

HI 485 – Selected Problems in the Modern Middle East
Major events in recent history of the Middle East: emergence of nationalism and intellectual awakening of the Ottoman Empire, impact of western economic penetration, effect of partition, and the seeds of conflict and Egyptian transformation under Nasser.

HI 486 – Islamic History
Examination of major historical forces that determined the growth and character of Islamic civilization from beginnings to modern times.

HI 487 – Continuity and Change in Late Imperial and Modern China
Examines late imperial China, including political institutions, ethnic classifications, family and gender relations, cultural trends, and military traditions and their persistence into the Republican and Communist eras. Explores revolution, change, and Chinese adaptation of ideas and institutions from abroad.

HI 488 – Interwar Japan and the Pacific War
An examination of the cultural, social, and political impact of World War I on Japanese society; the nature of Taisho liberalism; 1930s militaristic nationalism, with emphasis on the role of the United States leading into and beyond World War II.

HI 489 – The African Diaspora in the Americas
Topic for Spring 2010: African American History in Global and Comparative Perspective. African American history in an international framework. Examines development of racial categories in early transatlantic trade, Black participation in armed conflict, diverse Black communities in the twentieth century. Also offered as CAS AA 489.

HI 490 – Blacks and Asians
Exploration of historical encounters between Africans and people of African descent and Asians and people of Asian descent. How such people imagined themselves, interacted with each other, viewed each other, influenced each other, and borrowed from each other.

HI 491 – Directed Study

HI 492 – Directed Study

HI 493 – History of Science
Topic for Spring 2009: The role of science within American culture from the colonial period to the present. Examines science and race, the secularization of science, science and "pseudo-science," science and sexuality, and the morality of science.

HI 494 – Histories for the New South Africa
Critical reading of new histories of South Africa (covering the history of the region from the seventeenth to the twentieth centuries). New historiographical perspectives on the transformations in South African society.

HI 496 – Ideology and Conflict in World History
Connects the ideas of European Enlightenment and Romanticism with imperialism, nationalism, fascism, liberalism, communism, and socialism and analyzes the spread of these ideas to Latin America, Africa, the Middle East, and Asia.

HI 497 – Oxford Tutorial in History
Students meet regularly with individual tutors to explore a specific subject based on the special interests of the student. Guided by the tutor, students prepare written work culminating in a major work of research, study, and analysis for this advanced tutorial.

HI 502 – Drafts of History: Journalism and Historical Revisionism
Considers episodes from U.S. history, comparing the "draft" of journalists to subsequent historical accounts. Analyzes how new evidence alters understanding of events, but also how different eras ask questions about the past, interrogate different sources, and appeal to different audiences.

HI 503 – Psychohistory
Addresses the "Whys?" of history and focuses on the application of Freudian analysis and other psychological models to interpret past individual and group behavior. Emphasizes two key subfields: psychobiography and group psychohistory.

HI 514 – Enlightenment and Its Critics
Explores how eighteenth-century criticisms of the Enlightenment have been taken up by twentieth-century thinkers such as Heidegger, Horkeimer, Adorno, Gadamer, and Foucault; discusses recent defenses of Enlightenment ideals of reason, critique and autonomy by Habermas and others. Also offered as CAS PO 693.

HI 533 – Empire and Power: British Foreign Policy, 1782-Present
Examines the evolution of British foreign policy over time as well as the nature of Great Power rivalry. Key themes include formulation of national diplomatic strategies, policy coordination, diplomatic vs. military considerations, alliance politics, and policy over-stretch. Also offered as CAS IR 514.

HI 537 – World War II: Causes, Course, Consequences
Begins with the origins of World War II in Asia and Europe, follows its major campaigns, and ends with its main consequences. Topics include diplomacy, grand strategy, command decisions, conditions of battle, and civilians in occupation and resistance.

HI 538 – France, Europe, and the World: The History of French Foreign Relations in Modern Times
An advanced research colloquium for history and international relations undergraduate concentrators and graduate students that explores the evolution of France's position in Europe and the world from the beginning of the First World War to the present. Also offered as CAS IR 538.

HI 545 – Issues in Modern Terrorism
Addresses a variety of historical, political, socio-cultural, and psychological issues related to modern terrorism, and analyzes differences between this unique twentieth and twenty-first century phenomenon and political murders in the past.

HI 549 – Nationalism in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
Nationalism as a major force in modern history. Origins of modern nationalism in Europe, the Middle East, former Soviet republics, east and south Asia. Special attention to the varieties of diaspora, ethnic revivalism, and globalization.

HI 550 – Jews in Modern Culture
Examines the role and impact of Jews as producers and brokers of modern culture, with focus on fields ranging from psychoanalysis to movies. Considers whether Jews' cultural activities were distinctive and, if so, how and why.

HI 552 – Topics in Jewish History
Examines various aspects of Jewish culture, politics, and society. Topics vary from year to year. Topic for Fall 2009: Jewish Political Movements and Ideologies.

HI 555 – Black Community and Social Change
Forces within the larger society that enhance and/or inhibit development of the black community. Assesses potential of the black community to initiate and implement changes affecting its own development locally and nationally. Also offered as CAS AA 505.

HI 560 – The American Transcendentalists
Led by Emerson, Thoreau, Bronson Alcott, Margaret Fuller, and others, the Transcendentalists constituted the first "counter-cultural" movement in American history. Seminar focuses on how and why they did so within the philosophical, religious, literary, antislavery, communitarian, and ecological currents they inhabited.

HI 566 – Ideas and American Foreign Policy
Examines the intellectual foundations of U.S. foreign policy from the founding of the republic to the present. Also offered as CAS IR 522.

HI 568 – The Modern Metropolis: Approaches to Urban History
Examines the development of the modern American metropolis during the late-nineteenth and early-twentieth centuries. Considers transformations in commercial life, popular entertainments, and the use of public spaces as well as social encounters across lines of race, class, gender, and sexuality.

HI 575 – The Birth of Modern America, 1896-1929
The political, economic, social, and cultural history of the United States in the formative years of the early twentieth century. Topics include Progressivism, World War I, immigration, modernism, the Scopes Trial, suffrage, the Harlem Renaissance, and the emergence of modern business practices.

HI 579 – Race and the South: Questions of Interpretation in History and Literature
Methodological colloquium for English or History concentrators. Examines theories and examples of interdisciplinary analysis based on historical and literary interpretation. Also offered as CAS EN 479.

HI 580 – The History of Racial Thought
Study of racial thinking and feeling in Europe and the United States since the fifteenth century. Racial thinking in the context of Western encounters with non-European people and Jews; its relation to social, economic, cultural, and political trends. Also offered as CAS AA 580.

HI 582 – Social Movements in Twentieth-Century Latin America
Examination of the origins, actions, and effects of social movements in twentieth-century Latin America, with particular attention to the relationship between the cultures of everyday life and pathways of political action and change.

HI 584 – Labor, Sexuality, and Resistance in the Afro-Atlantic World
The role of slavery in shaping the society and culture of the Afro-Atlantic world, highlighting the role of labor, the sexual economy of slave regimes, and the various strategies of resistance deployed by enslaved people. Also offered as CAS AA 514.

HI 586 – African Americans Abroad
Develops awareness of the global nature of the African American experience through study of Black Americans' involvement in aspects of world development besides slavery and the U.S. Civil Rights Movement. Focus on Europe and the Americas; some attention to Africa and Asia. Also offered as CAS AA 586.

HI 588 – Women, Power, and Culture in Africa
Understanding the role of women in African history. Topics include the Atlantic slave trade, power, religion, the economy, resistance movements, health, the state, and kinship. Emphasis on the period before independence. Also offered as CAS AA 588.

HI 589 – Nature's Past: Histories of Environment and Society
Historians' approaches to environmental history, including human elements of technology, demography, local knowledge, political ecology, and social organization. Geographical foci include North America, Atlantic World, Asia, and Africa.

HI 590 – The World and the West
Explores relations between the West and the Third World from 1850, focusing on national and cultural movements in the Third World, and places the African American struggle for freedom in the United States in global and comparative perspective. Also offered as CAS AA 590.

HI 591 – The Making of the Modern Middle East
Examines the modern Middle East, with its new and old states and its current contested frontiers, as a product of European rivalries in the region in war and peace, 1798-1922. Also offered as CAS IR 591.

HI 592 – The Birth of a State: Israel 1945-1955
Establishment of the State of Israel, 1945-1955. Immediate context following World War II and the Holocaust, out of which the State of Israel was created. Considers the War of Independence, relations with Israel?s Arab neighbors, and internal political developments.

HI 593 – Youth on the Agenda: Roles and Images of Young People in the Jewish Nation
Youth in modern revolutionary movements, including Zionism and the creation of the State of Israel. What it means to grow up in a Jewish state, to consider the military experience, and to deal with the influence of American and other foreign cultures.

HI 594 – The Armenian Genocide
Examines the emergence of the Armenian Question in the Ottoman Empire as a national and international issue. Analysis of Armenian-Turkish relations after the Young Turk revolution in 1908. Focuses on the processes of genocide, survivor memory, and international responses.

HI 595 – Morocco: History on the Cusp of Three Continents
Explores the range and limits of social mixture - cultural, political, economic - as three civilizations met at the northwest corner of Africa and influenced one another from the eighth to the twenty-first centuries.

HI 596 – Muslim Societies: An Interdisciplinary History
Examines the states, empires, faiths, and ideologies of the Muslim world over a 1500-year period, including states from North and West Africa, through the Middle East, to Turkey, Iran, and then to Central and Southeast Asia. Also offered as CAS AH 539, AN 548, and RN 563.

HI 597 – Diasporas and Identity
History of diasporan commercial networks during the past four centuries in the West and other parts of the world, and emergence of modern global political economy. Focuses on transformation from exilic nationalism to diasporization, transnationalism, and deterritorialization of diasporic identity.

HI 606 – Heresy and Persecution in the Eleventh and Twelfth Centuries
Around the millennium radical Christian movements appeared in and outside the Church, which, despite sharing ideals, became mutually antagonistic. The course studies multiple sources of the conflict and traces the emergence of Crusade and Inquisition to combat this "popular heresy." This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 810.

HI 608 – Renaissance Europe
The main political, socioeconomic, intellectual and artistic currents in Italy (c. 1350--1530) and northwestern Europe (c. 1500-1560); emphasis on leading thinkers (Petrarch, Bruni, Machiavelli, Erasmus, More, Montaigne) as creators of the modern Western mind. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 811.

HI 609 – Christendom Divided: Reformation and Religious Conflict in Early Modern Europe
Religious change in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries centuries; the origins and causes of the Protestant Reformation; the Catholic Reformation; the resulting civil wars in the Germanies, France, and the Netherlands; and pertinent aspects of Tudor and Stuart England. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 812.

HI 625 – Communications Revolutions from Language to Cyberspace
History of communications revolutions from the origin of human language through writing to current global revolutions. Focus on the western socio-political matrix of communications technology, implications for both cognitive and social relations, and dilemmas created for cultures by the increased flow of information. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course by the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 848.

HI 649 – The Making of Modern Britain
Political, social, and intellectual developments; emphasis on evolution of cabinet government and the party system; the industrial revolution and social problems; political reform and the emergence of democracy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 821.

HI 650 – Twentieth Century Britain
A political, social, and cultural history of England with emphasis on the impact of the two world wars, the emergence of the welfare state, the loss of empire, and Britain's relations with Europe. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 822.

HI 664 – French Feudal Society: 496-1339
A new society based on landholding and personal loyalties developed after the barbarian invasions. Examination of its social tensions and warfare, the role of women, chivalry, the growth of towns and universities, and the centralism of Capetian and Valois kings. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 831.

HI 666 – French Revolution and Napoleon
Origins of the revolution; principal events in terms of political, social, and cultural impact on France and Europe; Napoleon's restructuring of France and Europe; the settlements of 1815. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 833.

HI 670 – Germany, 1914-Present
German History from the beginning of World War I to the present with emphasis on the politico-social developments, the Nazi attempt to control Europe, the growing division of Germany, the integration of West and East Germany into power blocs, and German reunification. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 838.

HI 672 – History of Russia, 1689-1917
Political, socioeconomic, diplomatic, cultural, and intellectual history of Russia from the reign of Peter the Great through the revolutions of 1905 and 1917. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 845.

HI 673 – History of the Soviet Union and Post-Communist Russia, 1917-Present
Evolution of Soviet Russia from the outbreak of World War I to the present. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 846.

HI 674 – Issues in Modern Russian and Soviet History, 1861–1956
Modern Russia in the imperial and Soviet eras: from the Great Reforms of Alexander II through the end of Stalin's reign. Examines Russia's political, socioeconomic, and cultural transformation from the traditional society into the first Communist state. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 847.

HI 689 – History of International Relations, 1900-45
The causes and consequences of the First World War; the search for postwar reconstruction and stability during the twenties; economic collapse, revolutionary nationalism, and fascism during the 1930s; the Second World War and the advent of the bipolar world. Also offered as CAS IR 349. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 849.

HI 690 – History of International Relations since 1945
The causes and consequences of the Soviet-American Cold War from its origins in Europe to its extension to Asia, Africa, and Latin America. The rise of the multipolar international system, the emergence of the nonaligned blocs, and inter- and intra-alliance conflicts. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 850.

HI 698 – African American History
The history of African Americans from African origins to present time; consideration of slavery, reconstruction, and ethnic relations from the colonial era to our own time. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 871.

HI 699 – Teaching College History
The goals, contents, and methods of instruction in history. General teaching-learning issues. Required of all teaching fellows.

HI 702 – Science and American Culture
From the colonial period to the present. Such topics as the American reception of Copernicus and Newton, scientific exploration, the interaction of science and religion, the impact of science on social theory, the rise of "big science," and contemporary "science wars." This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 868.

HI 704 – Science and Christianity
Examines the relationship between science and the Christian tradition in Europe and North America since 1500. Considers the epistemological and metaphysical foundations of both science and Christian thought as they have evolved over time. Also offered as GRS RN 669. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 869.

HI 705 – American Thought and Culture, 1776 to 1900
Major thinkers and movements in intellectual and cultural history from the Revolution to 1900. Topics include Revolutionary republicanism, evangelical theology and democratic theory, Transcendentalism and Romantic culture, antislavery and nationality, Victorian realism, liberal Protestantism and Darwinism, and evolutionary social science. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 873.

HI 706 – Intellectual History of the United States, 1900 to the Present
Major thinkers and movements in intellectual and cultural history since 1900. Topics include pragmatism and progressivism; ethnic and cultural pluralism; Marxism and liberalism; Cold War ideology and neoconservatism; artistic modernism; psychoanalysis and modernization theory; the New Left, multiculturalism, and postmodernism. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 874.

HI 708 – Religious Thought in America
Surveys many of the strategies that American religious thinkers have adopted for interpreting the cosmos, the social order and human experience, and the interaction of those strategies with broader currents of American culture. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 854. Also offered as GRS RN 614.

HI 721 – The American Revolution, 1750-1800
The political, economic, and ideological causes of the American War for Independence; the construction of a new political system amid the passions of a revolutionary upheaval; and the gradual emergence of a new economic and cultural order in the United States. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 856.

HI 737 – The United States, 1900-1945
Industrialization; Progressivism; science; religion; expansion and World War I; immigration; the women's movement; Jim Crow; the Great Depression and New Deal; World War II; politics, culture, and diplomacy. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 863.

HI 745 – Seminar in Early American History and Culture
Readings and research in colonial and early national history and culture. Research topics vary from year to year.

HI 749 – History of Religion in Precolonial Africa
The study of the development of religious traditions in Africa during the period prior to European colonialism. An emphasis on both indigenous religions and the growth and spread of Judaism, Christianity, and Islam in the continent as a whole. Also offered as GRS AA 882 and GRS RN 682.

HI 750 – History of the Atlantic World
Examines the various interactions that shaped the Atlantic World, connecting Europe, Africa, and the Americas between 1400 and 1800. Begins by defining the political interaction, then emphasizes cultural exchange, religious conversion, and the revolutionary era. Also offered as GRS AA 885. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 885.

HI 751 – Environmental History of Africa
Focus on the African environment and ecological systems over the past 150 years. Topics include climatic change, hydrography, agriculture, deforestation, soil erosion, disease, conservation, famine, and the role of colonialism and government policy in environmental change. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 894.

HI 760 – Blacks in Modern Europe
Readings from recent scholarly books on Blacks in Britain, France, Germany, and Russia, as well as related primary materials revealing the evolving image of Blacks in European history, folklore, religion, art, and literature. Also offered as GRS AA 880. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 880.

HI 761 – Black Radical Thought
Black radical thought in America, Europe, and Africa since the eighteenth century through writings of abolitionists, leaders of revolutions and liberation movements, Black nationalists, and Black socialists. Emphasizes the global nature of the "Black World" and its role in world history. Also offered as GRS AA 888. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 888.

HI 794 – U.S.-Mexican Borders
Examines the geographic border, as well as political and cultural boundaries inside Mexico and the U.S., from 1848 to the present. Topics include immigration, Mexican-American culture and politics, the Chicano Movement, economic development, gangs, the drug trade, music and art.

HI 800 – European Historiography
Examines historical writing about Europe through changing trends in method and approach. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 700.

HI 801 – The Historian's Craft
Intensive training in the best practices of historical research, writing, publication, and oral presentation. Culminates in the production of a publishable journal article. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 701.

HI 802 – Master's Essay
For students in the BA/MA program.

HI 807 – Topics in Medieval Culture
Topic for Fall 2011: Magic, Witchcraft, and the Demonic in Medieval Europe. Explores magic, witchcraft, and the demonic as understood, employed, and feared in Christian and Jewish communities. Emphasis on relationship between literate and "folk" ideas and practices; intersections with formal religious practice; and forms of social control, including counter-magic and inquisition. Meets with GRS RN 770. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 707.

HI 813 – Gender in Medieval Christian Mysticism
Study of the Christian mystical traditions of medieval Europe, both orthodox and heretical, with particular emphasis on the role of gender and authority in mystical writing, practicing, and teaching. Also offered as GRS RN 713. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 713.

HI 814 – The European Enlightenment
Survey of the intellectual and social transformation of Europe from the 1680s to the French Revolution. Readings draw on both eighteenth-century sources (including Voltaire, Diderot, Condorcet, Lessing, Smith, and Hume) and recent work by historians.

HI 819 – Readings in European History
Required of all graduate students in the field of European history. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 719.

HI 827 – Early Medieval Spain
History of Spain from the fifth through thirteenth centuries: late Roman Spain, Visigoths, Islamic conquest, society and culture of Islamic Spain, rise of Christian kingdoms; conquest and settlement of Andalusia, social relations and cultural exchange among Christians, Muslims, and Jews.

HI 843 – Problems in Twentieth-Century History
An international and comparative approach to major problems of the twentieth century. Readings on such topics as modernization, urbanization, revolution, and war and its consequences. Topics change annually. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 743.

HI 849 – United States History 1830–1900
Historiographic investigation of various central themes in nineteenth century US history, covering the years 1830-1900. Introduces students to scholarship on such issues as plantation slavery; abolition; Civil War; Reconstruction; and race relations after the Civil War. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 749.

HI 850 – American Historiography
Examines the methodological and professional development of American historians since the 1880s, changes in the field since the founding period, and new directions in U.S. history. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 750.

HI 851 – Recent American History
Advanced graduate seminar that investigates significant problems in the history of the United States since 1900. The specific focus of the seminar changes from year-to-year. Recent topics include "Politics and Popular Culture in Twentieth Century America" and "State and Society." This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course by the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 751.

HI 852 – Readings in American Political History
Introduces students to new and recent work in U.S. political history, a field that now includes an expansive array of studies in electoral politics, legal change, social movements, political culture, state-building, and governance conceived very broadly. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 752.

HI 854 – Economic History of the United States
American economic development, the role of industry and agriculture, changes in economic structure and institutions, and the historical evolution of roles played by government and business enterprises. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 754.

HI 855 – American Immigration History
The experience of immigrants to the United States during the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Topics include premigration cultures, theories of adaptation, perspectives on race, ethnicity, sojourner migrants, and the persistence of ethnic enclaves in the urban environment. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 755.

HI 857 – Topics in American Cultural History
Readings seminar focusing on American culture, broadly defined, in various periods of American history. Readings consist of both primary documents and secondary sources relevant to the specific topic. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 757.

HI 859 – The United States as a World Power
Meets with CAS PO 674. The course material is organized along a debate format. Although the course is primarily concerned with twentieth-century U.S. foreign policy, attention is also given to eighteenth- and nineteenth-century issues. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 759.

HI 861 – The Civil War Era
Examines the Civil War experience in a broad social and cultural context, looking at Northern and Southern society in antebellum, war-time, and post-war years. Emphasizes issues of slavery, race, and emancipation, as well as political crises of the era.

HI 862 – The Gilded Age, 1877-1914
Examines the economic, social, cultural and political transformation from the end of the Reconstruction until 1914. Specific focus on the industrial revolution, foreign policy, the nation state, the metropolis, and conflicts that emerged in American society during the Gilded Age.
Ferleger.

HI 863 – Topics in American Intellectual History
Introduces graduate students to major methods and themes in the field of U.S. intellectual history. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 763.

HI 865 – The United States Since 1968
Recent political, economic, social, and cultural history. Includes Nixon, Carter, and Reagan presidencies; stagflation; Watergate; "Me Decade"; end of the Cold War.

HI 866 – History of American Foreign Relations Since 1898
Analysis of the history of American foreign policy from the perspective of the changing world and regional international systems: emphasis on the effect of these systems and the impact of America on the creation and operation of international systems.

HI 870 – African Historiography
Examines historical writing about the African continent through key trends in the study of themes and regional historiographies. Also highlights recent works in the field. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 770.

HI 872 – The Twentieth-Century American Presidency
Focuses on the alterations in the institution of the presidency during the twentieth century. Consideration of Theodore Roosevelt and Wilson, Franklin Roosevelt, Truman, Eisenhower, Kennedy and Johnson, Nixon, and Reagan.

HI 875 – A History of Women in the United States
This course examines the ideas and experiences of women in the United States from the 1600's through the late twentieth century. The course considers the common factors that shaped women's lives as well as women's diverse class, ethnic, and regional experiences.

HI 877 – Problems in African History
A graduate seminar examining major health issues within their social, political, and economic contexts mainly in the twentieth century. Special, though not exclusive, emphasis on southern Africa. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 777.

HI 880 – The History of Food
A comparative perspective on issues of human subsistence through time. Changing patterns of nutrition and health, agricultural production, methods of coping with famine and organizing feasts, origins and impact of culinary and dietary innovations. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 780.

HI 881 – Readings in Food History
Survey of food history: how food influences, and is influenced by, politics, economics, climate, geography, technology, and culture. Considers the ways food history interconnects with other disciplines and raises important issues for an era of globalized food production, processing, and consumption. This course cannot be taken for credit in addition to the course with the same title that was previously numbered GRS HI 781.

HI 886 – Modern Latin America
Political, economic, and cultural evolution of Latin American republics. Nineteenth century conflicts over "civilization" vs "barbarism," liberalism vs conservatism, and slavery. Democracy and military rule in the twentieth century and efforts to create new forms of politics and citizenship.

HI 889 – Early Chinese History
The development of Chinese civilization through the traditional, medieval, and early modern periods; emphasis on intellectual history and political, social, and economic institutions.

HI 890 – Modern Chinese History
History of China from the Opium War through the Chinese cultural revolution to the post-Mao era. Analysis of the traditional continuities and political, economic, social, and intellectual changes stimulated by modernization and revolution.

HI 892 – The Middle East
General introduction to the history, culture, and current development of the Middle East. Objective is to introduce students to a specific geographical and historical experience as well as to acquaint them with some of the literature in the field.

HI 900 – Dissertation Writing
A workshop designed for students writing a dissertation that provides them with critical responses to their work and addresses important issues associated with becoming a professional historian.

HI 901 – Directed Study: American History
Directed Study on a topic in American History.

HI 902 – Directed Study: European History
Directed study on a topic in European History

HI 903 – Directed Study: African History
directed Study on a topic in African history.

HI 904 – Latin American History
Directed Study on a topic in Latin American history.

HI 905 – Directed Study: Middle Eastern History
Directed study on a topic in Middle Eastern history.

HI 906 – directed Study: East Asian History
Directed study on a topic in East Asian history.

HI 907 – Directed Study: Slavic History
Directed study on a topic in Slavic history.

HI 908 – Directed Study: English History
Directed study on a topic in English history.

HI 910 – Directed Study: History of Science
Directed study on a topic in the history of science.

HI 957 – Directed Study: American Economic History
Directed study on a topic in American economic history.

HI 959 – Directed Research: American History
Directed research on a topic in American history.

HI 961 – Directed Research: Latin American History
Directed research on a topic in Latin American history.

HI 963 – Directed Research: English History
Directed research on a topic in English history.

HI 965 – Directed Research: Slavic History
Directed research on a topic in Slavic history.
Geifman.

HI 967 – Directed Research: European History
Directed research on a topic in European history.

HI 973 – Directed Research: African History
Directed research on a topic in African history.

HI 975 – Directed Research: Middle Eastern History
Directed research on a topic in Middle Eastern history.

HI 977 – Directed Research: Islamic History
Directed research on a topic in Islamic history.

HI 979 – Directed Research: East Asian History
Directed research on a topic in East Asian history.

HI 980 – Directed Research: History of Science
Directed research on a topic in the history of science.

HI 981 – Cert Ft Study

HI 982 – Cert Ft Study

HI 983 – Cont Study Pt

HI 984 – Cont Study Pt

HI 985 – Cont Study Cft

HI 986 – Cont Study Cft