en 521 the literature of the middle ag2-3:30 cas 208 Levine

Required for the course: two previous courses in English. For on-line syllabus: http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/medsyl07.htm

Assignments: read and be prepared to discuss each assigned text and some part of at least one secondary text (without exams I must assume that failure to contribute to class discussion signifies that you have not read the assignment).

Written assignments (each paper should be as long as you can possibly produce without an ounce of padding in the very short amount of time you have available, except for the last paper, which should be at least 8 double-spaced pages in 12-point font; all papers must conform rigorously to the sheet of 27 ( http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/evitanda2.htm ) and are due every two weeks, no later than the beginning of class. Late papers will not be accepted (early papers are welcomed) No one who stores files only on the hard-drive of her or his computer should be registered for this course.

first paper due thursday september 20

Option #1: On the basis of reading Prudentius Peristephanon 10 and Chaucer's "Second Nun's Tale" ( http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/2nun.htm ) begin a sketch of hagiographical topoi, conventions, traditions.

Option #2: Perform the same task on the basis of reading Prudentius Peristephanon 10 and Sulpicius Severus’ Life of St. Martin )

http://www.users.csbsju.edu/~eknuth/npnf2-11/sulpitiu/lifemart.html or go to the full text of the Life.

Option #3: Use all three for the same task. For some of the material out of which Prudentius fabricated his attack on pagan belief and practices see Arnobius: http://www.ccel.org/fathers2/ANF-06/anf06-133.htm - P6409_1956766

second paper due thursday october 4

On the basis of your reading of Beowulf, The Song of Roland, and Curtius ("Heroes and Rulers," pp. 167-182 http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/curtius.pdf consider whether Beowulf or Roland conforms more exactly or more thoroughly to the paradigm for classical heroes that Curtius proposes. The best papers are not content with making univocal, reductive assertions about the poems and their heroes, but instead show some concern with the uncertain nature of the terms they are using and the texts they are discussing. Do not discuss the two poems serially, but organize your paper according to an argument that permits you to discuss both poems in almost every paragraph. Reading Tolkien's "Beowulf: the Monsters and the Critics" has helped some but not all students. See also Chapter Four of Anglo Saxon audiences, Eugene Green. New York 2001 PR173 .G68 2001 (http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/green.htm ). No paper should fail to consider the possibility that Curtius is both an aid and a hindrance. In addition, do you see any attempt to incorporate hagiographical elements into the poems?

third paper due thursday october 18

Include the Nibelungenlied in your continuing discussion of paradigms for secular heroism and Christian hagiography.

fourth paper due thursday november 1

Extend your discussion to include Njala.

fifth paper due thursday november 15

Three options:

(1) On the basis of the medieval lyrics you have read, test the contention that the voice of the narrator in the "romances" of Chrétien de Troyes is more lyrical than the voices of the narrators in previous works. Does he use the same material for different purposes? In what ways does Chrétien’s use of this material help you to distinguish him from earlier works in this course? Material from your previous papers should reappear in this one.

(2) on the basis of the passages from Andreas Capellanus (or use the entire text of de honeste amandi if you have time, energy, interest) to be found in the file http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/andreas.htm speculate on the relationship between Andreas Capellanus and the Troubadours’ poetry). For the complete Latin text of Andreas see http://www.thelatinlibrary.com/capellanus.html

(3) Evaluate the usefulness of the schemes Auerbach offers in http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/roland.pdf

http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/knightsetsforth.pdf

http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/add.pdf ; the first chapter is at http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/mimesis2.pdf

sixth and last paper due december 17

Consider Parzival as Wolfram von Eschenbach's effort to combine secular heroic, Christian hagiographical, and lyric material.

Sept 4 Introduction: what is medieval? what is literature? papers -- what do you recognize and what is "other"? For an introduction to manuscripts see http://www.bodley.ox.ac.uk/dept/scwmss/wmss/medieval/browse.htm

Sept 6,11 Prudentius' Peristephanon X, http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/peristephanonX.pdf

from Prudentius, Complete Works, Cambridge, 1949-1953, 2 vols. BR65.P7.F49.

Some relevant secondary texts

Anne Marie Palmer, Prudentius and the Martyrs, Oxford 1989 PA6648.P6.P477.1989; Martha Malamud, A Poetics of Transformation, Ithaca, 1989 PA25.E87. v.49; RL, "Prudentius's Romanus: the rhetorician as hero, martyr and saint," Rhetorica IX (1991), pp. 5-38 http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/prudent.htm ; Michael Roberts, Poetry and the Cult of the Martyrs, Ann Arbor, 1993 PA6648.P6.P4773.1993; Peter Brown, The Cult of the Saints, Chicago, 1981. A.G. Elliot, Roads to Paradise, Hanover 1987 BX4662.E44.1987; Guy Phillipart, Hagiographie etc. Brepols 1996; Duncan Robertson, The Medieval Saints' Lives Lexington 1995; Augustine, Confessions (ed.) James J. O'Donnell, Oxford, 1992 BR65.A6.1992, 3 vols. You cannot find a better introduction to Augustine than pp. xvii-li. For help with hagiography, see: http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/sbook3.html

Sept 13,18 BEOWULF Begin to consider the dramatic and lyric elements in medieval verse-narrative; continue the process through the rest of the verse-narrative that we read this semester.

Some relevant primary texts

Tacitus' Germania http://www.northvegr.org/lore/tacitus/ or http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/cgi-bin/ptext?doc=Perseus%3Atext%3A1999.02.0083&query=&chunk=book

Some relevant secondary texts

Lewis E. Nicholson, Anthology of Beowulf Criticism, Notre Dame, 1963 PR1585 F63; Tolkien's "Beowulf, the Monsters and the Critics," pp. 51-103, Magoun [modify by reading Robert Niles, Beowulf, the Poem and its Tradition, Cambridge 1983 PR1585 N54 1983]; Albert Lord, Singer of Tales, Cambridge 1960 PN1303 F601; D.H. Green, "Orality and Reading," Speculum 65 (April 1990) pp. 267-280; Kaske; Robertson; David Williams, Cain and Beowulf, Toronto 1982 PR1585 W54; Brodeur, The Art of Beowulf, Berkeley 1969 PR1585 F59a; Levine, "Ingeld and Christ;" Viator II (1971), pp. 105-128 or http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/ingeld.pdf ; Nicholas Howe, Migration and Mythmaking in Anglo-Saxon England, New Haven, 1989, pp. 143-180 PR179.M53.H68.1989. Gillian R. Overing, Language, Sign, and Gender in Beowulf, Carbondale 1990 PR1585 O94 1990 (linguistics, critical theory, feminism); Linda Georgianna, "King Hrethel's Sorrow," Speculum 62 (1987) 829-850; Joseph Harris, "Beowulf's Last Words," Speculum 67 (1992) 1-32; John M. Hill, The Social World of Beowulf, Toronto, 1994; Fred Robinson, "Beowulf in the Twentieth Century", Transactions of the British Academy 94, 45-62 AS122 .F04; M.J. Enright, "The Warband Context of the Unferth Episode," Speculum 73 (1998) pp. 297-337; Martin Carver, Sutton Hoo, Philadelphia 1998 DA155.C38; for the latest work on the manuscript see Kevin Kiernan's web site -- http://www.uky.edu/ArtsSciences/English/Beowulf/ ; for useful parody: http://www.hyperborea.org/humor/beowulf.phtml

Sept 20, 25 SONG OF ROLAND

Some relevant primary texts:

J. Brault, The Song of Roland, University Park, 1978 PQ1521.E5.B7.1984; T.A. Jenkins, La Chanson de Roland, Boston 1924; J. Ferrante, Guillaume d'Orange: four twelfth-century epics, NY 1974 PQ1481.A3.F4; William, Count of Orange: four Old French epics, ed. G. Price, London, 1975 PQ1481.A3.P75.1975; La Chanson de Girart de Roussillon, tr. by Micheline de Combarieu du Gres and Gerard Fouiran, Paris, 1993 PQ1463.G75.A32.1993; E.S. Firchow and E.H. Zeydel, (Einhard's) The Life of Charlemagne, with a facing English translation, Coral Gables, 1972 DC73.3.1972; Two Lives of Charlemagne, translated by Lewis Thorpe, Harmondsworth, Penguin, 1979 DC73.32.T45.1972; Raymond D'Aguilers, Historia Francorum qui Ceperunt Iherusalem, transl. Hill and Hill, Philadelphia, 1968 D161 F68; Fulcher of Chartres, A History of the Expedition to Jerusalem, trans. Ryan, ed. Fink, Knoxville, 1969 D161.1F69a; Gesta Francorum, ed. and tr. Hill, NY 1962 Theology 940-18.G33d; Guibert de Nogent, The Deeds of God through the Franks, Woodbridge 1997 or http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/guibprol.htm ; R. Levine, A Thirteenth-century Life of Charlemagne, New York, 1991 DC73.G55.1991, or http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/charles.htm ; material directly relevant to Roland, however, is to be found at

http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/charles3.htm For images of the manuscript see http://irusan.las.ox.ac.uk/ http://image.ox.ac.uk/show?collection=bodleian&manuscript=msdigby23b

http://eee.uci.edu/programs/medieval/ofclips.html for sound files.

Some relevant secondary texts

Robert F. Cook, The Sense of the Song of Roland, Ithaca, 1987 PQ1522 C66 1987; Joseph J. Duggan, Song of Roland, Berkeley, 1973 PQ1525.D82; Eugene Vance, Reading the Song of Roland, Englewood Cliffs, 1970 PQ1522 F70; Pierre LeGentil, The Chanson de Roland, Cambridge, 1969 PQ1582.F69; Paul Aebischer, Rolandia et Oliveriana, Geneva, 1967; Ramon Mendez Pidal, La Chanson de Roland et la tradition épique des Francs, Paris, 1960, transl. by Irenée-Marcel Cluzel; E.T. Mickel, Ganelon, Treason, Roland, 1989; J.W. Bowers, "Ordeals, Privacy, etc.," JMRS 24 (1994), pp. 1-31 CB351.J68M; Peter Haidu, The Subject of Violence, Bloomington 1993 PQ1522.H33.1993;Sarah Kay, The Chansons de Geste in the Age of Romance, Oxford 1995 PQ20.1K39 (reviewed by Peter Haidu, Speculum 73 (1998) 204-207;R.L., "The Pious Traitor: the Man who Betrayed Antioch," Mittellateinisches Jahrbuch XXXIII (1998), pp. 59-80 or http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/oldrice.htm ; D.D.R. Owen, The Legend of Roland etc. London 1973 DC73.95.R609. See also the essay by James Cain at http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/cain.htm

Oct 4,11 NIBELUNGENLIED

Some relevant primary texts

Lament of the Nibelungen, Columbia 1994 PT1624.A25.1994;

also Berkeley 1964 PT7313.E5.F54; Kudrun, NY 1992 PT1528.A44.1992; Poems of the Vikings, (tr.) P. Terry, Indianapolis 1969, 1975 PT7234.E5.F691 pp. 140-241. ftp://sailor.gutenberg.org/pub/gutenberg/etext97/nblng10.txt ; to hear a reading of some of the poem go to

http://www.blb-karlsruhe.de/blb/blbhtml/nib/uebersicht.html

Some relevant secondary texts

Hugo Becker, The Nibelungenlied: A Literary Analysis, Toronto, 1971 PT1589 F71A; Winder McConnell, The Nibelungenlied, Boston, 1984 PT1589 M37 1984; Mowatt, D.G. and Hugh Sacker, The Nibelungenlied, Toronto, 1967; Edward R. Haymes, The Nibelungenlied: History and Interpretation, Urbana, 1986 PT1589 H3 1986; Theodore M. Andersson, A Preface to the Nibelungenlied, Stanford, 1987 PT1589 A5 1987; Stephen D. White, "Clotild's Revenge: Politics, Kinship, and Ideology in the Merovingian Blood Feud," in Portraits of Medieval and Renaissance Living, Ann Arbor, 1996, pp. 107-130:

The feud was a deterrent to wrong-doing and to breaking settlements as well as a method of actually punishing wrongdoing. It was also a vehicle for achieving honor by avenging shame, for openly expressing anger and fury, for constructing enemies to be plundered, killed, and conquered, for reinventing kinship identities and kinship groups, for consolidating other kinds of political groups, and for meeting political threats that were seemingly unrelated to the feud itself. The feud could never have served these many different strategic purposes if it had not also been a complex cultural schema, deeply encoded with ideas of honor, wrong, liability, divine justice, exchange, kinship and friendship, lordship, anger, and revenge. That was a feud. (p. 130)

Oct 16, 18 NJALSAGA for the English translation: http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Njal/ ; for the Icelandic text: http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/njala.htm

Other Major Sagas

The Saga of Grettir the Strong, G.A. Hight (tr.), London, 1965 PT7269.G7E5.F65 http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Grettir/

Laxdale Saga Muriel Press (tr.), London, 1964 PT7269.L4E5.F641 http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/Laxdaela/

Egil's Saga, Gwyn Jones (tr.), Syracuse, 1960 PT7629.E3E5.F60 press here for etext of Egil

Egil's Saga, Christine Fell (tr.), London, 1975 PT7269.E3.E53.1975

Eirik the Red and other Icelandic Sagas, Gwyn Jones (tr.), London 1961 Eyrbygga saga, H. Palsson and P. Edwards (tr.), Toronto, 1973 PT7269.E67.E56

Eyrbygga saga, Paul Schach (tr.), Lincoln, 1977 PT7269.E6.E57.1977M http://sunsite.berkeley.edu/OMACL/EreDwellers/

http://www.squirrel.com/squirrel/asatru/eyrbygja.txt

For texts of the major Icelandic sagas in Old Norse go to http://www.snerpa.is/net/isl/isl.htm ; see also http://www.northvegr.org/lore/prose2/index.php ; For translations and samples from manuscripts see http://www.hum.ku.dk/ami/regius.html

Some relevant secondary texts

Old Norse-Icelandic Literature, edited by Carol J. Clover and John Lindow, Islendica XLV, Ithaca, 1985 Pt7161.O4.1985: "Eddic Poetry," Joseph Harris,pp. 68-156; "Skaldic Poetry," Roberta Frank, 157-196;"Kings' Sagas," Theodore M. Andersson, pp. 197-238; "Icelandic Family Sagas," Carol J. Clover, pp. 239-315; Turville-Petre, Gabriel, Origins of Icelandic Literature, Oxford, 1953, 1967; Andersson. Theodor M., The Problem of Icelandic Saga Origins, New Haven, 1964; Anderson, The Icelandic Family Saga, Cambridge, 1967 PT7183.F67; Byock, Jesse, Feud in the Icelandic Saga, Berkeley, 1982 PT7181.B9.1982; Clover, Carol, The Medieval Saga, Ithaca, 1982 PT7183.C56.1982; Steblin-Kamenskij, The Saga Mind, Odense, 1973 (Leningrad, 1971);Myth: The Icelandic Sagas and Eddas, Ann Arbor, 1982; Miller, William I., Humiliation etc., Ithaca, 1993: Sveinsson, Einar, Njals Saga: a Literary Masterpiece, Lincoln, 1971 PT7269.N5.F71. Allen, Richard, Fire and Iron, PT7269.N5.A4; Linnroth, Lars, Njals Saga: A Critical Introduction, Berkeley, 1976 PT7269.N5.L6; Jenny Jochens, Old Norse Images of Women, Philadelphia 1996 PT7162,W6.J6; Orri Vksteinsson, The Christianization ofIceland: Priests, Power and Social Change, 1000-1300, Oxford,, zooo BR994 .V47 2000

Oct 23, 25 LYRIC POETRY:

Some primary texts

Clemens Blume and G.M. Dreves, Analecta hymnica medii aevi,1886-1922, 55 volumes BV468.E86; Alfons Hilka and Otto Schumann, Carmina Burana, Heidelberg 1930, 1961, 1970, 3 vol. PA8133.S8.C28; (ed. and tr.) P.G. Walsh, Love Lyrics from the Carmina Burana, Chapel Hill 1993 PA8184.C3.1993; http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_cpo1.html

http://www.fh-augsburg.de/~harsch/Chronologia/Lspost13/CarminaBurana/bur_intr.html

http://www.library.nwu.edu/collmgmt/humanities/budapest/carmflo2.htm; Hugh Primas and the Archpoet, ed. and tr. Fleur Adcock, Cambridge, 1994 PA8347.H77.A23;(ed.) Heinrich Watenphul and Heinrich Krefeld, Die Gedichte des Archipoeta, Heidelberg 1958; Translation: Heinrich Krefeld, Der Archipoeta, lateinisch und deutsch, Berlin, Akademie, 1992; http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/arch2.htm

(ed.) Karl Strecker, Die Lieder Walters von Chatillon in der Handschrift 351 vonSt. Omer, Berlin, 1964, p. 37; Moralisch-Satirische Gedichte von Walters von Chatillon, Heidelberg, 1929; (ed. and tr.);http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/walt821.htm

Jan Ziolkowski, The Cambridge Songs, NY, 1994 PA8164.C35.1994; The Oxford Poems of Hugh Primas and the Arundel Lyrics, ed. C.J. McDonough, Toronto, 1984; Stehling, Medieval Latin Poems of Male Love and Friendship, NY 1984 PA8164,M4.1984; Andreas Capellanus, Art of Courtly Love, NY 1941 GT2620.F41. for some pieces of Andreas' work see http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/andreas.htm

Troubadours, trouvères, Walter von der Vogelweide, http://www.emory.edu/GERMAN/Walther/StropheI/MHG-1 ;(ed.) J.J. Wilhelm, The poetry of Arnaut Daniel, NY 1981 PC3330.A74.A28.1981; (ed.) S.G Nichols et al, The Songs of Bernart de Ventadorn, Chapel Hill, 1965 PC3330.B4.1965M; (ed.) W. Paden et al,, The Poems of Bertran de Born, Berkeley 1986 PC3330.B5.A2.1986; G. Wolf (ed.),The Poetry of Cercamon and Rudel, NY 1983 PC3365.E3.C47.1983; (ed.) J.J. Wilhelm, The Poetry of Sordello, NY 1987 PC3330.S6.A28.1987; William VII, Poetry, NY 1982 PC3330.G7.A24.1982; R.V. Sharman, The cansos and sirventes of Giraut de Borneil ,Cambridge 1989 PC3330.G4.A63.1989; Joseph Linskill, The poems of Raimbaut de Vaqueiras, The Hague 1964 PC3330.R28.F64; Meg Bogin, The Women Troubadours, NY 1976 PC3308.B64; Songs of the women troubadours, Matilda Tomaryn Bruckner, Laurie Shepard, Sarah White. New York : Garland Publ., 1995. PC3365.E3 S66 1995; W.D. Paden, The voice of the trobairitz, Philadelphia 1989 PC3308.V65; http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/medst/medieval_lyric/listen.html

http://www.chez.com/littmedievale/Lm013.htm

http://www.cam.org/~malcova/troubadours/arnaut_daniel/

http://www.cam.org/~malcova/troubadours/index.html

http://www.cam.org/~malcova/troubadours/

Click on ‘lauzeta’ and ‘rudel’ at the bottom of http://www.bu.edu/english/ for sound files of Bernart de Ventadour’s “Can vei la lauzeta” and Jaufré Rudel’s “Lanquan li jorn”

Snorri Sturluson, Prose Edda, Berkeley, 1964 PT7313.E5.F54 Snorri Sturluson, Prose Edda, NY 1916, pp. 150-161 (XXXIX-XLI); http://www.northvegr.org/lore/prose/ ; Poems of the Vikings, (tr.) P. Terry, Indianapolis 1969, 1975 PT7234.E5.F691; Lee M. Hollander, The Skalds, Ann Arbor, 1968;

Some relevant secondary texts

J. Szoverffy, Latin Hymns, Turnhout 1989 Z6203.T95 fasc. 55; Patrick Diehl, The medieval European religious lyric, Berkeley 1985 PN691.D53.1985; Peter Dronke, Medieval Lyric, Cambridge, 1977 PN691.D7.1977; Peter Dronke, Medieval Latin and the Rise of European Love Lyric, Oxford, 1965-66 PN688.F65; Paolo Cherchi, Andreas and the Ambiguity of Courtly Love, Toronto, 1994; D.W. Robertson, A Preface to Chaucer, Princeton, 1970 PR1924 F62, pp. 391-448; Simon Gaunt, Troubadours and Irony, Cambridge, 1989 PC3304.G38.1989; Simon Gaunt, "Poetry of Exclusion: a Feminist Reading of some Troubadour Lyrics," MLR 85 (1990) 310-329; Laura Kendrick, The Game of Love, Berkeley 1988 PC3304.K46.1988; Linda M. Paterson, The World of the Troubadours, Cambridge 1993 PC3308.P33.1993; Linda M. Paterson, Troubadours and Eloquence, Oxford, 1975 PC3308.P3 (particularly for the concern with levels of difficulty); Susan Kay, Subjectivity in Troubadour Poetry, Cambridge, 1990 PC3308.K39.1990; Amelia E. Van Vleck, Memory and Recreation in Troubadour Lyric, Berkeley 1991PC3304.V36; George F. Jones, Walther von der Vogelweide, NY 1968 PT1673.J6; Eckehard Simon, Neidhart von Reuntal, Boston, 1975 PT1571.S53; Don A. Monson, "Andreas Capellanus and the Problem of Irony," Speculum, 63 (1988), pp. 539-572 monson; Baldwin 16-25 et alibi. George T. Beech, "Troubadour Contacts with Muslim Spain," Romania 113 (1992-95), pp. 14-42; F.R.P. Akehurst and Judith M. Davis, A Handbook of the Troubadours Berkeley 1995, XPC3304.H36, reviewed by Sarah Kay, Speculum 73 (1998) 143-145; Gerald A. Bond, The Loving Subject, Philadelphia, 1995; Gaunt, Simon. Love and death in medieval French and Occitan courtly literature :
martyrs to love, Oxford ; New York : Oxford University Press, 2006, PQ155.C74 G38 2006;C. Stephen Jaeger, Envy of Angels, Philadelphia, 1994; William Sayres, "What’s in a Name? A Name’s in What?" 2005 ermengard.htm ; http://www.hi.is/~eybjorn/ugm/kennings/kennings.html

Oct 30, Nov 1 Chrétien de Troyes EREC

Some relevant primary texts

Geoffrey of Monmouth, The History of the Kings of Britain, Penguin, 1966; History of the Kings of Britain, by Geoffrey of Monmouth. New York, Dutton [c1958]DA140 F58; Wace's Roman de Brut, text and translation Judith Weiss, Exeter 1999 PQ1545.W2.A613; Arthurian chronicles [by] Wace and Layamon. London, [1962] PQ1545.W2 A6 E6 F62; Layamon's Arthur : the Arthurian section of Lazamon's Brut, W.R.J. Barron and S.C. Weinberg, Austin, 1989 PR2023.A2 B37 1989; Hartmann von Aue, Erec, Lincoln, 1982 PT1534.E8.1982; also NY 1987 PT1534.E8.1987. Erex saga and Ivens Saga, Lincoln, 1977 PQ1447.E5.B55.1977; Hartmann von Aue, Gregorius, Chapel Hill, 1955 PT1534.G7E5.F55.

Some relevant secondary texts

Karl Uitti, http://www.princeton.edu/~lancelot/romance.html ; Douglas Kelly, The Art of Medieval French Romance, Madison, 1992 PQ201.K45.1992; Simon Gaunt, Gender and Genre in Medieval French Literature, Cambridge, 1995 PQ151.G38.1995; D.R.R. Owen, Arthurian Romances etc., London, 1987 PQ1447.E5 O94 1987; L.T. Topsfield, Chrétien de Troyes, Cambridge 1981 PQ1448 T66; Helaine Newstead, "Narrative Technique in Chrétien's Yvain," Romance Philology XXX (1977), pp. 431-441; Tom Artin, The Allegory of Adventure, Lewisburg, 1974 PQ1445.E7.A8; Evelyn Mullally, The Artist and his work, Philadelphia 1988 Q11 D71 n.s. v. 78 pt. 4; R.S. Loomis, Arthurian Literature in the Middle Ages, Oxford, 1959 PN685 F59; R.S. Loomis, Arthurian Tradition and Chrétien de Troyes, NY 1961 PQ1448 F49; Andreas Capellanus, The Art of Courtly Love, GT2620 F41; Levine, "Repression in Cligès," Sub/Stance XV (1976), pp. 209-221; Norris J. Lacy, The Craft of Chrétien de Troyes, Leiden 1980 PQ1451.L3 Evelyn Birge Vitz, "Chrétien de Troyes: clerc ou ménestrel?" Poétique 81 (1990) pp. 21-42. Ojars Kratins, The Dream of Chivalry, Washington, 1982 (compares Chr. and Hartmann). Dronke, Peter, The Medieval Poet and his World, Rome, 1984: "The Rise of the Medieval Fabliau." pp. 162-163 (compares Cligès to a fabliau). R. Dragonetti, "Le vent de l'aventure dans Yvain ou le Chevalier au Lion," Le Moyen Age XCVI (1990) pp. 435-462. J.C. Huchet, Littérature médiévale et psychoanalyse, PUF 1990; (Ed.) M.H. Jones, Chrétien de Troyes and the German Middle Ages, Cambridge, 1993 OCLC 26721388; Susan Clark, Hartmann von Aue etc., Houston, 1989 PT1535.C53.1989; W.H.T Jackson, Chivalry in the 12th Century etc., Woodbridge1994; LeGoff 132-150.

Nov 6,8 Chrétien's IWAIN. See Hartmann von Aue, Iwein, Lincoln 1979 PT1534.I3.1979; also NY 1984 PT1534.I3.1984;

Chrétien de Troyes' CLIGES

Nov 13, 15 Chrétien de Troyes' LANCELOT.

Relevant primary text

Ulrich von Zatzikhoven, Lanzelet, NY 1951 PT1661.U8.L3.F51

Some relevant secondary texts

M. Victoria Guerin, The Fall of Kings and Princes, Stanford 1995 PQ203.5.A77.G83.1995, pp. 87-139; M.T. Bruckner, Shaping Romance, Philadelphia 1993 PQ178.B78.1993, pp. 60-108: Robertson 87-91, 448-452, et. al.; P.V. Rockwell, Rewriting Resemblances in Medieval French Romances NY 1995 PQ201R73. http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/cliges.pdf

Nov 20, 27 Gottfried's TRISTAN

secondary texts

Marc Chinca, History, Fiction, Verisimilitude etc., London 1993 PT1526.C48.1993; W.H.T. Jackson, Anatomy of Love, NY 1971 PT1526 F71; Hugo Bekker, Gottfried von Strassburg's Tristan, Columbia, 1987 PT1526.B37.1987. Hans Bayer, Gottfried von Strassburg und der Archipoeta, Hiledesheim, 1996; Benjamin Arnold, German Knighthood 1050-1300, Oxford 1985 CR5100.A76,1985

Nov 29- Dec 11 Wolfram's PARZIVAL

Some relevant primary texts

Wolfram's Willehalm, NY 1977 PT1682.W6.E56; Wolfram's Titurel, NY 1984 PT1682.T6.E56.1984; Chrétien de Troyes, Perceval le Gallois, NY, 1983 PQ1447.E5.C5.1983; Heinrich von dem Türlin, The Crown, tr. J.W. Thomas, Lincoln 1989 PT1537.H35.K713.1989. Hartman von Aue, Gregorius http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/greg.htm For a middle English version ofthe story of Gregorius, see http://www.hti.umich.edu/cgi/c/cme/cme-idx?type=HTML&rgn=DIV1&byte=6968198

Some relevant secondary texts

Arthur Groos, Romancing the Grail, Ithaca 1995 PT1688.G75.1995; L. B. Parshall, The Art of Narration in W's P, Cambridge, 1981 PT1688 P3; D.H. Green, The Art of Recognition in W's P, Cambridge 1982 PT1688 G8 1982; Hugh Sacker, Introduction to W's P, Cambridge, 1963 PT1688 F63; Henry Kratz, W's P, Berne, 1973 PT1688 K7; RL, "Wolfram von Eschenbach: Homo Ludens," Viator XIII (1982), pp. 177-201 or http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/wolfram.pdf

Dec 18 final paper due

OFFICE HOURS

During the fall semester of 2007 I hold office hours TR 11-12, 1:30-2, at 236 Bay State Road, rm. 321 (tel. 358-2535); If none of these hours is convenient, appointments may be made at other mutually convenient times. No harm will come to you if you call me at home (617-491-3958) 7:00-9 weeknights, or on Saturday or Sunday 10 AM - 9 PM. If I am not home, PLEASE leave your name, telephone number, and, if possible, hours you expect to be at that number. Send Email to bobl@bu.edu

The course involves significant amounts of reading that must be done on time. Written exercises must be submitted on the due date, in grammatical, idiomatic English. Papers must be typed, with one-inch margins, and PROOFREAD SCRUPULOUSLY. The style sheet distributed at the first meeting http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/evitanda2.htm indicates specific penalties for specific crimes against the English language; in this area, justice outweighs mercy. If absence and tardiness are vital for your self-esteem, think seriously about choosing some other course. . Criteria for grading: Your grade cannot exceed the percentage produced by dividing the amount of time you are present by the amount of time I am present: papers determine 90 per cent of the grade; performance in class can add as much as a letter, if written work is at least tolerable.

Truly ambitious people often browse in Years Work in Modern Language Studies XPB1.F31, Speculum, Viator, Traditio, JEGP, ELH, MLR, MLN, and the most recent volumes of Years' Work in English Studies (XPE58.F19).

Students wishing to develop a competence at Old French, Middle High German, Old Norse, Provençal, or Medieval Latin should get a copy of whichever of the following books is pertinent:

Dictionary of the Middle Ages D114.D5.1982

Cambridge Medieval History XD117.F11; D117.C32; D117.F52 (abridged)

E. Auerbach, Mimesis PN56.R3.F53. and Literary Language etc. PA8027 A813 -- for the first chapter of Mimesis see:

http://www.westmont.edu/~fisk/Articles/OdysseusScar.html
for two more chapters and a correction of an error in scanning see:

http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/roland.pdf

http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/knightsetsforth.pdf

http://www.bu.edu/english/levine/add.pdf

John W. Baldwin, The Language of Sex, Chicago 1994 HQ18.F8.B28.1994.

John F. Benton, "The Court of Champagne as a Literary Center," Speculum 36 (1961), 551-91.

Renate Blumenfeld-Kosinski, Reading myth: Classical Mythology and its Interpretations in Medieval French Literature, Stanford 1997 PQ155.M94.B58

John Boswell, Christianity, Social Tolerance, and Homosexuality, Chicago, 1980 HQ76.3.E8.B67

Philippe Buc, L'Ambiguite du Livre, Paris, 1994 BS500.B84.1994 (Weston School of Theology, 99 Brattle st.)

J. Bumke, Courtly Culture, Berkeley, 1991 DD64.B8613.1991.

E.R. Curtius, European Literature and the Latin Middle Ages, New York, 1953 PN674 F53

Edgar De Bruyne, Esthetics of the Middle Ages BH131.F69

Georges Duby, The Three Orders: Feudal Society Imagined Chicago, 1980 (original, Paris, 1978) HN425.D78313 1988

Georges Duby and Michelle Perrot, A History of Women in the West, Cambridge, 1992, volume 2.

Allen Franzen, "When Women Aren't Enough", Speculum 68.2 (1993) 445-471 http://www.jstor.org/cgi-bin/jstor/printpage/00387134/di982484/98p00097/0-150.pdf?backcontext=page&dowhat=Acrobat&config=jstor&userID=a87a4063@bu.edu/01cc99334190c10a09c8e5cc&0-150.pdf

Christiane Klapisch-Zuber, Silences of the Middle Ages HQ1121.s79513.1992.v. 2.

Horst Fuhrmann, Germany in the High Middle Ages, Cambridge, 1986 DD141.F8313.1986

Jacques LeGoff, Medieval Imagination, Chicago, 1988 PQ155.M27.L413.1988.

Pierre J. Payen, Sex and the Penitentials, Toronto, 1984 BT708.P39.1984

Susan Reynolds, Fiefs and Vassals Oxford 1994 D117.R49

D.W. Robertson, A Preface to Chaucer, Princeton, 1970 PR1924 F62

Carolyn Walker Bynum

Some useful dictionaries

Middle English dictionary. Hans Kurath, editor; Sherman M. Kuhn, associate editor Ann Arbor, University of Michigan Press [1952- PE679 F52 kurath

Bosworth-Toller An Anglo-Saxon dictionary, based on the manuscript collections of Joseph Bosworth. Enlarged addenda and corrigenda, by Alistair Campbell, to the Supplement, by T. Northcote Toller Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1972 PE279 .E82 Suppl., Addn http://beowulf.engl.uky.edu/~kiernan/BT/bosworth.htm bt

Godefroy, Dictionnaire de l'ancienne langue française, et de tous ses dialectes du IXe au XVe siècle, composé d'après le dépouillement de tous les plus importants documents, manuscrits ou imprimés, qui se trouvent dans les grands bibliothèques de la France et de l'Europe, et dans les principales archives départementales, municipales, hospitalières ou privées, par Frédéric Godefroy. Publié sous les auspices du Ministère de l'instruction publique. Paris [F. Vieweg] 1880-1902 Nendeln/Liechtenstein, Kraus Reprint, 1969 PC2889 .G6 1969

Altfranzösisches Wörterbuch : Adolf Toblers nachgelassene Materialien / bearb. und mit Unterstützung der Preussischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, hrsg. von Erhard Lommatzsch Wiesbaden : F. Steiner, 1955- PC2893 .T6 1955

Greimas, Algirdas Julien, Dictionnaire de l'ancien français jusqu'au milieu du XIVe siècle, par A.J. Greimas .. Imprint Paris, Larousse, 1968

Cleasby-Vigfusson An Icelandic-English dictionary, initiated by Richard Cleasby. Subsequently rev., enl., and completed by Gudbrand Vigfusson Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1957 PD2379 F57 http://www.northvegr.org/vigfusson/index002.php

Lewis and Short A Latin dictionary founded on Andrews' edition of Freund's Latin dictionary Oxford : Clarendon Press, 1980 PA2365.E5 A7 1980

Oxford Latin dictionary Oxford, London, Clarendon P., 1968- PA2365.E5 F68

DuCange Glossarium mediæ et infimæ latinitatis, conditum a Carolo Du Fresne, domino Du Cange; auctum a monachis Ordinis s. Benedicti, cum supplementis integris d. P. Carpenterii, Adelungii, aliorum, suisque, digessit G.A.L. Henschel; sequuntur Glossarium gallicum, Tabulæ, Indices auctorum et rerum, Dissertationes Paris, Librairie des sciences et des arts, 1937-38 PA2889 F37 ducange

Lexer, Matthias, 1830-1892. Mittelhochdeutsches Taschenwörterbuch. Stuttgart, Hirzel, 1969. PF4327 .L42 1969

· J.F. Niermeyer. Mediae latinitatis lexicon minus...French/English Dictionary, 2 ed., 2 v. 2002.. PA2890.N54 2002.
· J.F. Niermeyer. Mediae latinitatis lexicon minus...French/English Dictionary, 2 v. 1964-76. Vol. 2: Abbrev. et index fontium. PA2891.N5.

· Novum glossarium mediae latinitatis ab anno DCCC usquqe ad annum MCC. Copenhagem, 1957-. PA2893.F7N6. Plus Index scriptorum..., 1973. Includes French translations and extracts from sources. Francesco Arnaldi et al.

· Blaise. Dictionnaire latin-français des auteurs du moyen-âge. Lexicon latinitatis medii aevi, praesertim ad res ecclesiasticas investgandas pertinens. Turnhout, 1975. PA2893.F7B5.