This paper suggests that, in order to promote recovery in larger numbers of persons with schizophrenia, a variety of operational definitions for the concept of 'recovery' need to be generated and validated.

Liberman, R.P. (2002). Future directions for research studies and clinical work on recovery from schizophrenia: Questions with some answers. International Review of Psychiatry, 14(4), 337-342.

The multi-dimensional model was used to study the results of 103 clients in order to create operational criteria for defining recovery.

Whitehorn D, Brown J, Richard J, Rui Q, Kopala L. (2002). Multiple dimensions of recovery in early psychosis. International Review of Psychiatry, 14(4), 273-283.

In order to promote research and improved clinical practice, three criteria are proposed in this article to define recovery from severe mental illness: hope, self-responsibility and 'getting on with life' beyond illness.

Noordsy, Douglas, Torrey, William, Mueser, Kim, Mead, Shery, and Fox, Lindy. (2002). Recovery from severe mental illness: an interpersonal and functional outcome definition. International Review of Psychiatry, 14(4), 318-326.

This article argues for the adoption of a broad conceptual framework of inclusion as well as suggestions for future research and policy.

Davidson, Larry, Stayner, David A, Nickou, Connie, Styron, Thomas H., Rowe, Michael, & Chinman, Matthew L. (2001). 'Simply to be let in': Inclusion as a basis for recovery. Psychiatric Rehabilitation Journal, 24(4), 375-388.

The article identifies four questions for professionals to be aware of when working with individuals with mental illness.

Spaniol, L., & Gagne, C., et al. (1997). Recovery from serious mental illness: What it is and how to assist people in their recovery. Continuum, 4(4), 3-15.

This article presents a brief history of the consumer-survivor movement in the United States, including the basis for various viewpoints within that movement and describes the concept of recovery and how it offers an important perspective for mental health providers.

Frese F.J. & Walker W.W. (1997). The consumer-survivor movement, recovery, and consumer professionals. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 28, 243-245.