Matthew Fox

Associate Professor, Epidemiology

Boston University School of Public Health, MPH, DSc

Office: Crosstown Center, CT372
Phone: 617-414-1270
Email: mfox@bu.edu

Biography

Matthew Fox, DSc, MPH, is Associate Professor in the Center for Global Health & Development and in the Department of Epidemiology at Boston University. Dr. Fox joined the center in 2001. Before joining Boston University, he was a Peace Corps volunteer in the former Soviet Republic of Turkmenistan. His research interests include treatment outcomes in HIV-treatment programs, infectious disease epidemiology (with specific interests in HIV and pneumonia), and epidemiologic methods. Dr. Fox is currently funded through a K award from the National Institutes of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, to work on ways to improve retention in HIV-care programs in South Africa from the time of testing HIV-positive through long-term treatment. As part of this work, he is involved in analyses of whether treating patients at higher CD4 counts leads to improved long-term retention and treatment outcomes. Dr. Fox also does research on quantitative sensitivity analysis and recently co-authored a book on these methods, Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data. He currently teaches a third-level epidemiologic methods class, Advanced Epidemiology. Dr. Fox is a graduate of the Boston University School of Public Health with a master’s degree in epidemiology and biostatistics and a doctorate in epidemiology.

Projects

Publications

Loss to follow-up before and after delivery among women testing HIV positive during pregnancy in Johannesburg, South Africa

Kate Clouse, Audrey Pettifor, Kate Shearer, Mhairi Maskew, Jean Bassett, Bruce Larson, Annelies Van Rie, Ian Sanne and Matthew P. Fox

Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2013 Apr; 18(4):451-460.

Tuberculosis and the risk of opportunistic infections and cancers in HIV-infected patients starting ART in Southern Africa

Lukas Fenner, Stewart E. Reid, Matthew P. Fox, Daniela Garone, Maureen Wellington, Hans Prozesky, Marcel Zwahlen, Michael Schomaker, Gilles Wandeler, Nzali Kancheya, Andrew Boulle, Robin Wood, German Henostroza, and Matthias Egger

Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2013 Feb; 18(2):194-198.

Initiating antiretroviral therapy when presenting with higher CD4 cell counts results in reduced loss to follow-up in a resource-limited setting

Kate Clouse, Audrey Pettifor, Mhairi Maskew, Jean Bassett, Annelies Van Rie, Cynthia Gay, Frieda Behets, Ian Sanne and Matthew P. Fox

AIDS 2013. 2013 Feb; 27(4):645-650.

Antiretroviral Therapy, Labor Productivity, and Gender: A Longitudinal Cohort Study of Tea Pluckers in Kenya

Bruce.A. Larson, Matthew P. Fox, Margaret Bii, Sydney Rosen, Julia Rohr, Douglas Shaffer, Fredrick Sawe, Monique Wasunna and Jonathon L. Simon

AIDS 2012. 2013 Jan;.

Patient Retention From HIV Diagnosis Through One Year on Antiretroviral Therapy at a Primary Health Care Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

Kate Clouse, Audrey E. Pettifor, Mhairi Maskew, Jean Bassett, Annelies Van Rie, Frieda Behets, Cynthia Gay, Ian Sanne, and Matthew P. Fox

JAIDS. 2013 Jan; 62(2):39-46.

Rates and Cost of Hospitalization Before and After Initiation of Antiretroviral Therapy in Urban and Rural Settings in South Africa

Gesine Meyer-Rath, Alana T. Brennan, Matthew P. Fox, Tebogo Modisenyane, Nkeko Tshabangu, Lerato Mohapi, Sydney Rosen, and Neil Martinson

JAIDS. 2013 Jan; 62(3):322-328.

Low Rates of Treatment Failure in Children 2-59 Months Treated for Severe Pneumonia: A Multi-site Pooled Analysis

Matthew P. Fox, Donald M. Thea, Salim Sadruddin, Abdul Bari, Rachael Bonawitz, Tabish Hazir, Yasir Bin Nisar, and Shamim A. Qazi ; for the Pneumonia Studies Group

Clinical Infectious Diseases. 2013 Jan; 56(7):978-987.

Rates and Predictors of Failure of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy and Switch to Second-line ART in South Africa

Matthew P. Fox, Gilles Van Cutsem, Janet Giddy, Mhairi Maskew, Olivia Keiser, Hans Prozesky, Robin Wood, Miguel A. Hernán, Jonathan A. C. Sterne, Matthias Egger, & Andrew Boulle

Journal of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndromes. 2012 Aug; 60(4):428-437.

Defining retention and attrition in pre-antiretroviral HIV care: proposals based on experience in Africa

Matthew P. Fox, Bruce Larson, and Sydney Rosen

Tropical Medicine and International Health. 2012 Aug; 00(00):1-10.

Frequency and Trajectory of Abnormalities in Respiratory Rate, Temperature and Oxygen Saturation in Severe Pneumonia In Children

Rasa Izadnegahdar, Matthew P. Fox, Donald Thea, and Shamim A. Qazi

Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. 2012 Aug; 31(8):863-865.

Prevalent tuberculosis and mortality among HAART initiators

Daniel Westreich, Matthew P. Fox, Annelies Van Rie and Mhairi Maskew

AIDS 2012. 2012 Jul; 26(6):770-773.

Treatment outcomes after 7 years of public-sector HIV treatment

Matthew P. Fox, Kate Shearer, Mhairi Maskew, William Macleod, Pappie Majubae, Patrick Macphaile and Ian Sanne

AIDS 2012. 2012 Jun; 26:1823-1828.

How to Estimate the Cost of Point-of-Care CD4 Testing in Program Settings: An Example Using the Alere PimaTM Analyzer in South Africa

Bruce Larson, Kathryn Schnippel, Buyiswa Ndibongo, Lawrence Long, Matthew P. Fox, & Sydney Rosen

PLoS ONE. 2012 Apr; 7(4):1-8.

Cohort Profile: The Themba Lethu Clinical Cohort, Johannesburg, South Africa

Matthew P Fox, Mhairi Maskew, A Patrick MacPhail, Lawrence Long, Alana T Brennan, Daniel Westreich, William B MacLeod, Pappie Majuba & Ian M Sanne

International Journal of Epidemiology. 2012 Mar; 10(1093):1-10.

Effectiveness and safety of 30 mg versus 40 mg stavudine regimens: a cohort study among HIV- infected adults initiating HAART in South Africa

Mhairi Maskew, Daniel Westreich, Matthew P Fox, Thapelo Maotoe and Ian M Sanne

Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2012 Mar; 15(1).

Poorer ART Outcomes with Increasing Age at a Large Public Sector HIV Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

Mhairi Maskew, MBBCh Alana T. Brennan, MPH A. Patrick MacPhail, PhD, FCP, FRCP Ian M. Sanne, MBBCh, FCP and Matthew P. Fox, MPH, DrPH

Journal of the International Association of Physicians in AIDS Care. 2012 Feb; 11(57):57-65.

Changing From Stavudine to Tenofovir in First-Line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa

Alana Brennan, Kate Shearer, & Matthew Fox

South Africa: HE2RO Policy Brief Number 4, Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office; 2012 Jan.

Rapid, Point-of-Care CD4 Testing At Mobile and Fixed HIV Testing Sites: Does It Increase Linkage to HIV Care?

Larson B., Schnippel K., Ndibongo B., Brennan A., Xulu T., Long L., Fox M., Sanne I., Rosen S.

Health Economics and Epidemiology Research Office (HERO). 2011 Nov; 3:1-2.

Community case management of severe pneumonia with oral amoxicillin in children aged 2–59 months in Haripur district, Pakistan: a cluster randomised tria. 2011 Nov;.

Abdul Bari, Salim Sadruddin, Attaullah Khan, Ibad ul Haque Khan, Amanullah Khan, Iqbal A Lehri, William B Macleod, Matthew P Fox, Donald M Thea, Shamim A Qaz

The Lancet. 2011 Nov;.

Prevalence and predictors of kaposi sarcoma herpes virus seropositivity: a cross-sectional analysis of HIV-infected adults initiating ART in Johannesburg, South Africa

Center for Global Health & Development

Infectious Agents and Cancer. 2011 Nov; 6(22):8.

Low rates of nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance in a well-monitored cohort in South Africa on antiretroviral therapy

Carole L Wallis, Maria A Papathanasopolous, Matthew Fox, Francesca Conradie, Prudence Ive, Catherine Orrell, Jennifer Zeinecker, Ian Sanne, Robin Wood, James McIntyre, Wendy Stevens, the CIPRA-SA project 1 study team

Antiviral Therapy. 2011 Nov; 17:313-320.

Southern Africa Collaboration Long-term Outcomes of Antiretroviral Treatment in Programmes With and Without Routine Viral Load Monitoring in Southern Africa

Keiser O, Chi B, Gsponer T, Boulle A, Orrell C, Phiri S, Maxwell N, Maskew M, Prozesky H, Fox MP, Westfall A, Egger M for the IeDEA

AIDS. 2011 Sep; 25(14):1761-1769.

Poorer ART Outcomes with Increasing Age in a Large South Africa Cohort

Mhairi Maskew, Alana T. Brennan, A. Patrick MacPhail, Ian M. Sanne and Matthew P. Fox

JIAPAC. 2011 Sep; 11(1):57-65.

Relationship Between Renal Dysfunction Nephrotoxicity and Death Among HIV Adults on Tenofovir

Brennan A., Evans D., Maskew M., Naicker S., Ive P., Sanne I, Maotoe T., Fox M.

AIDS: Official Journal of the International AIDS Society. 2011 Aug; 24(13):1603-1609.

The Net Cost of Incorporating Resistance Testing into HIV/AIDS Treatment in South Africa: A Markov Model with Primary Data

Sydney R., Long L., Sanne I., Stevens W., Fox M.P.

Journal of International AIDS Society. 2011 Jul; 14(24):1-6.

Retention in HIV Care Between Testing and Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Rosen S., Fox M.P.

PLOS Medicine.. 2011 Jul; 8(7):1-16.

Treatment Outcomes and Cost-Effectiveness of Shifting Management of Stable ART Patients to Nurses in South Africa: An Observational Cohort

Long L., Brennan A., Fox M.P., Ndibongo B., Jaffray I., Sanne I., Rosen S.

PLOS Medicine. 2011 Jul; 8(7):1-10.

Retention in HIV Care between Testing and Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review

Rosen S., Fox M.

PLoS Medicine. 2011 Jul; 8(7):1-16.

Effect of Training Traditional Birth Attendants on Neonatal Mortality (Lufwanyama Neonatal Survival Project): Randomised Controlled Study

Gill C., Phiri-Mazala G., Guerina N., Kasimba J., Mulenga C., MacLeod W., Waitolo N., Knapp A., Mirochnick M., Mazimba A., Fox M., Sabin L., Seidenberg P., Simon J., Hamer D.

British Medical Journal. 2011 Jun;.

Outpatient Treatment of Children With Severe Pneumonia with Oral Amoxicillin in Four Countries: The MASS Study

Addo-Yobo E, Duc Anh D, El-Sayed HF, Fox L, Fox MP, MacLeod W, Saha S, Anh Tuan T, Thea DM, Qazi S

Tropical Med Int Health. 2011 May;.

Tuberculosis in HIV programmes in lower-income countries: practices and risk factors

Fenner L, Forster M, Phiri S, Braitstein P, Lewden C, Schechter M, Kumarasamy N, Pascoe M, Sprinz E, El Filali KM, Bangsberg D, Sow PS, Dickinson D, Fox MP, McIntyre J, Khongphatthanayothin M, Dabis F, Brinkhof M, Boulle A, Wood R, Egger M.

Int J Tuberc Lunc Dis. 2011 Jan; 15:1-8.

Correcting mortality for loss to follow up: A nomogram applied to antiretroviral treatment programmes in sub-Saharan Africa

Matthias Egger, Ben D. Spycher, John Sidle, Ralf Weigel, Elvin H. Geng, Matthew P. Fox, Patrick MacPhail, Gilles van Cutsem, Euge`ne Messou, Robin Wood, Denis Nash, Margaret Pascoe, Diana Dickinson, Jean-Franc ̧ois Etard, James A. McIntyre, Martin W. G. Brinkhof, for IeDEA East Africa, West Africa and Southern Africa

PLoS ONE Medicine. 2011 Jan; 8(1):1-11.

The Importance of Clinic Attendance in the First Six Months on Antiretroviral Treatment (ART): Missing Medical Visits Results in Poorer ART Outcomes

Brennan A, Maskew M, Sanne I, Fox MP.

Journal of International AIDS Society. 2010 Dec; 13(49).

Lost Opportunities to Complete CD4+ Lymphocyte Testing Among Patients Who Tested Positive for HIV in South Africa

Larson B.A., Brennan A., McNamara L., Long L., Rosen S., Sanne I., Fox M.P.

Bull World Health Organ. 2010 Sep; 88(9):675-80.

Temporal Changes in Programme Outcomes among Adult Patients Initiating Antiretroviral Therapy across South Africa, 2002-2007

Cornell M., Grimsrud A., Fairall L., Fox M. P., van Cutsem G., Giddy J., Wood R., Prozesky H., Mohapi L., Graber C., Egger M., Boulle A., Myer L.

AIDS. 2010 Aug; 24(14):2263-70.

Total Cost and Potential Cost Savings of the National Antiretroviral Treatment (ART) Programme in South Africa 2010 to 2017. Abstract 16112

Meyer-Rath G., Brennan A., Long L., Rosen S., Pillay Y., Johnson L., Mbengashe T., Dlamini N., Fox M.P.

18th International AIDS Conference; 2010 Jul 18; Vienna.

Patient Retention in Antiretroviral Therapy Programs Up to Three Years on Treatment in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2007-2009: Systematic Review

Fox M. P., Rosen S.

Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Jul; 15 Suppl 1:1-15.

Initiating Patients on Antiretroviral Therapy at CD4 Cell Counts Above 200 Cells/Microl is Associated with Improved Treatment Outcomes in South Africa

Fox M. P., Sanne I. M., Conradie F., Zeinecker J., Orrell C., Ive P., Rassool M., Dehlinger M., van der Horst C., McIntyre J., Wood R.

AIDS. 2010 Jul; 24(13):2041-50.

Early Loss to Follow Up After Enrolment in Pre-ART Care at a Large Public Clinic in Johannesburg, South Africa

Larson B. A., Brennan A., McNamara L., Long L., Rosen S., Sanne I., Fox M. P.

Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Jul; 15 Suppl 1:43-7.

Nurse Versus Doctor Management of HIV-Infected Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy (CIPRA-SA): A Randomised Non-Inferiority Trial

Sanne I., Orrell C., Fox M. P., Conradie F., Ive P., Zeinecker J., Cornell M., Heiberg C., Ingram C., Panchia R., Rassool M., Gonin R., Stevens W., Truter H., Dehlinger M., van der Horst C., McIntyre J., Wood R.

Lancet. 2010 Jun; 376(9734):33-40.

Improvements in Physical Wellbeing over the First Two Years on Antiretroviral Therapy in Western Kenya

Fox M. P., McCoy K., Larson B. A., Rosen S., Bii M., Sigei C., Shaffer D., Sawe F., Wasunna M., Simon J. L.

AIDS Care. 2010 Apr; 22(2):137-45.

Promoting Healthy Skepticism in the News: Helping Journalists Get It Right

Lash T. L., Fox M. P., Greenland S., Jurek A. M., Hoggatt K. J., Cole S. R., Maldonado G., Brooks D., Rothman K. J., Poole C.

J Natl Cancer Inst. 2010 Apr; 102(11):829-30; author reply 830.

Temporal Trends in Generic and Brand Prices of Antiretroviral Medicines Procured with Donor Funds in Developing Countries

Waning B., Kaplan W., Fox M. P.

Journal of Generic Medicines. 2010 Apr; 7(2):159-175.

Barriers to Initiation of Antiretroviral Treatment in Rural and Urban Areas of Zambia: A Cross-sectional Study of Cost, Stigma, and Perceptions about ART

Fox M. P., Mazimba A., Seidenberg P., Crooks D., Sikateyo B., Rosen S.

J Int AIDS Soc. 2010 Mar; 13:8.

Using Vital Registration Data to Update Mortality among Patients Lost to Follow-up from ART Programmes: Evidence from the Themba Lethu Clinic, South Africa

Fox M. P., Brennan A., Maskew M., MacPhail P., Sanne I.

Trop Med Int Health. 2010 Feb; 15(4):405-13.

Survival in Care and CD4 Cell Count Gain on First-line ART Depend on Prior CD4 Cell Count and Time on Treatment: Evidence From a Large South African Cohort. Abstract Z-184

Meyer-Rath G., Brennan A., Long L., Rosen S.B., Fox M.P.

17th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI); 2010 Feb 1; San Francisco.

The High Cost of Second-Line Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV/AIDS in South Africa

Long L., Fox M., Sanne I., Rosen S.

AIDS. 2010 Jan; 24(6):915-9.

Economic Outcomes of Patients Receiving Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV/AIDS in South Africa Are Sustained through Three Years on Treatment

Rosen S., Larson B., Brennan A., Long L., Fox M., Mongwenyana C., Ketlhapile M., Sanne I.

PLoS ONE. 2010 Jan; 5(9):e12731.

High Rates of Survival, Immune Reconstitution, and Virologic Suppression on Second-line Antiretroviral Therapy in South Africa

Fox M. P., Ive P., Long L., Maskew M., Sanne I.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2009 Oct; 53(4):500-6.

Global Strategies to Reduce the Price of Antiretroviral Medicines: Evidence from Transactional Databases

Waning B., Kaplan W., King A. C., Lawrence D. A., Leufkens H. G., Fox M. P.

Bull World Health Organ. 2009 Aug; 87(7):520-8.

Do the Socioeconomic Impacts of Antiretroviral Therapy Vary by Gender? A Longitudinal Study of Kenyan Agricultural Worker Employment Outcomes

Larson B. A., Fox M. P., Rosen S., Bii M., Sigei C., Shaffer D., Sawe F., McCoy K., Wasunna M., Simon J. L.

BMC Public Health. 2009 Jul; 9:240.

High Frequency of Multidrug-Resistant Gram-Negative Rods in 2 Neonatal Intensive Care Units in the Philippines

Litzow J. M., Gill C. J., Mantaring J. B., Fox M. P., MacLeod W. B., Mendoza M., Mendoza S., Scobie R., Huskins C. W., Goldman D. A., Hamer D. H.

Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol. 2009 May; 30(6):543-9.

Creating a Demand for Bias Analysis in Epidemiological Research

Fox M. P.

J Epidemiol Community Health. 2009 Jan; 63(2):91.

Effect of Presumptive Co-Trimoxazole Prophylaxis on Pneumococcal Colonization Rates, Seroepidemiology and Antibiotic Resistance in Zambian Infants: A Longitudinal Cohort Study

Gill C. J., Mwanakasale V., Fox M. P., Chilengi R., Tembo M., Nsofwa M., Chalwe V., Mwananyanda L., Mukwamataba D., Malilwe B., Champo D., Macleod W. B., Thea D. M., Hamer D. H.

Bull World Health Organ. 2009 Jan; 86(12):929-38.

Applying Quantitative Bias Analysis to Epidemiologic Data

Lash Timothy L., Fox Matthew P., Fink Aliza K.

Dordrecht ; New York: Springer; 2009.

Role of Breastfeeding Cessation in Mediating the Relationship between Maternal HIV Disease Stage and Increased Child Mortality among HIV-exposed Uninfected Children

Fox M. P., Brooks D. R., Kuhn L., Aldrovandi G., Sinkala M., Kankasa C., Horsburgh R., Thea D. M.

Int J Epidemiol. 2008 Dec; 38(2):569-76.

Cost and Cost-Effectiveness of Switching from Stavudine to Tenofovir in First-Line Antiretroviral Regimens in South Africa

Rosen S., Long L., Fox M., Sanne I.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Jun; 48(3):334-44.

Impact of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection on Streptococcus Pneumoniae Colonization and Seroepidemiology among Zambian Women

Gill C. J., Mwanakasale V., Fox M. P., Chilengi R., Tembo M., Nsofwa M., Chalwe V., Mwananyanda L., Mukwamataba D., Malilwe B., Champo D., Macleod W. B., Thea D. M., Hamer D. H.

J Infect Dis. 2008 Apr; 197(7):1000-5.

Reduced Mortality Associated with Breast-feeding-acquired HIV Infection and Breast-feeding among HIV-infected Children in Zambia

Fox M. P., Brooks D., Kuhn L., Aldrovandi G., Sinkala M., Kankasa C., Mwiya M., Horsburgh R., Thea D. M.

J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 2008 Mar; 48(1):90-6.

Ambulatory Short-Course High-Dose Oral Amoxicillin for Treatment of Severe Pneumonia in Children: A Randomised Equivalency Trial

Hazir T., Fox L. M., Nisar Y. B., Fox M. P., Ashraf Y. P., MacLeod W. B., Ramzan A., Maqbool S., Masood T., Hussain W., Murtaza A., Khawar N., Tariq P., Asghar R., Simon J. L., Thea D. M., Qazi S. A.

Lancet. 2008 Jan; 371(9606):49-56.