School of Medicine
Courses of Instruction III

RADIOLOGY
REHABILITATION MEDICINE
SOCIO-MEDICAL SCIENCES AND COMMUNITY MEDICINE
SURGERY
UROLOGY
DIVISION OF GRADUATE MEDICAL SCIENCES
Graduate Departments and Degree Programs
Major Fields and Areas of Specialization

Required Courses

First Year

Required courses in psychiatry begin in the first year with normal human development, which addresses developmental changes in the brain and their impact on human emotion, cognition, and behavior, and explores normal human developmental stages. Relevant concepts in neuroscience and lifespan are presented in lectures, clinical presentation, and in small group discussions. In addition, Psychiatry organizes and teaches in the Fall Introduction to Clinical Medicine course. Small groups of students meet weekly with a psychiatrist to learn interviewing skills, by both conducting interviews and observing their peers. Dr. Osterman and other faculty

Second Year

The second-year Psychiatry course focuses on psychopathology, clinical presentation, phenomenology, neuroscience, and treatment of the most common psychiatric disorders. This course uses lectures in combination with case-based learning. Dr. Osterman and other faculty

Third Year

The Psychiatry Clerkship is a seven-week rotation, which is based in a variety of inpatient and/or consultation-liaison services. The curriculum provides students with the necessary skills to perform a psychiatric evaluation, make a differential diagnosis, and provide treatment, including medication management and psychotherapy. Students are closely supervised by an attending psychiatrist and are active members of the treatment team. During the course of their clinical experience, students expand their knowledge of psychiatric disorders, their clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. Students perform both a written and clinical examination. Students may begin an elective in psychotherapy following their third-year clerkship. Dr. Plasky

Fourth Year

The Psychiatry Clerkship is a seven-week rotation, which is based in a variety of inpatient and/or consultation-liaison services. The curriculum provides students with the necessary skills to perform a psychiatric evaluation, make a differential diagnosis, and provide treatment, including medication management and psychotherapy. Students are closely supervised by an attending psychiatrist and are active members of the treatment team. During the course of their clinical experience, students expand their knowledge of psychiatric disorders, their clinical presentations, diagnosis, and treatment. Students perform both a written and clinical examination. Students may begin an elective in psychotherapy following their third-year clerkship. Dr. Osterman

Faculty

Professor and Chairman

Domenic A. Ciraulo, MD

Professor

Gaston E. Blom, MD
Elaine Carmen, MD
Subimal Datta, MS, PhD
Bernard H. Fox, MS, PhD
Janina R. Galler, MD
Howard T. Hermann, MD
Craig N. Karson, MD
Terence M. Keane, MA, PhD
Conan Kornetsky, MS, PhD
Orlando B. Lightfoot, MD
Brett T. Litz, MA, PhD
William I. Malamud, MD
Douglas M. McNair, PhD
Richard C. Pillard, MD
Patricia A. Resick, MA, PhD
Gerald Stechler, MS, PhD, PhD
Louis Vachon, MD
Bessel A. van der Kolk, MD
Mieke H. Verfaellie, PhD

Clinical Professor

Samuel Kaplan, MD
Jean Baker Miller, MD
Chester A. Pearlman, MD
A. Michael Rossi, MA, PhD

Research Professor

Daniel W. King, MEd, PhD
Lynda A. King, MA, PhD
Peter Morgane, MS, PhD
David A. Spiegel, MS, MD

Visiting Professor

Frank C. Ramsey, MPH, MBBS
Oscar Resnick, MA, PhD

Adjunct Professor

Joop de Jong, PhD, MD
David I. Mostofsky, MA, PhD

Adjunct Clinical Professor

Walter P. Christian, MS, PhD
Albert C. Gaw, MD

Adjunct Research Professor

Joseph D. Bronzino, MS, PhD

Professor Emeritus

Donald S. Gair, MD
Melvin Rosenthal, MA, PhD

Associate Professor

Stephen M. Brady, MA, PhD
Padraic Burns, MD
George H. Carter, MD
Stanley Cheren, MD
Paul R. Draskoczy, MD
Robert Dunn, PhD, MD
Richard A. Famularo, MD
Deborah A. Fein, MS, PhD
Francis R. Frankenburg, MD
Jill Robinson Harper, MSW, MPH
Douglas H. Hughes, MD
Richard J. Kahn, MD
Danny G. Kaloupek, PhD
Kenneth H. Kaplan, MD
Alan S. Katz, MD
Paul Kaufman, MD
Marilyn L. Lanza, MS, DNSc
Joseph S. LoCastro, PhD
Jennifer I. Luebke, PhD
Jane S. O'Hern, MA, EdD
Janet E. Osterman, MS, MD
Elaine B. Pinderhughes, MSSW
Eva B. Pragay, PhD
John A. Renner, MD
Ethan S. Rofman, MD
Chaim M. Rosenberg, PhD, MBChB, MD
Glenn N. Saxe, MD
Lyn Weiner, MPH
Donald Wexler, MA, MD
William M. Whelihan, MA, MEngr, PhD
Jessica Wolfe, MS, PhD

Clinical Associate Professor

Paul H. Arkema, MD
Gregory K. Binus, MD
Thomas C. Bond, MD
Bernard Katz, MA, MD
Robert G. Mayer, MD
Laurence H. Miller, MD
Judith F. Milne, MA, MBBChir
Edward P. Monnelly, MD
Anthony E. Raynes, MS, MBBS
Arnold Robbins, MD
Daniel Shaw, MD
Ana Maria Soto, MD
Sumer Verma, MBBS, MD
Howard Weintraub, MD
Howard A. Wishnie, MD
Rose T. Zimering, MA, PhD

Research Associate Professor

Judith L. Rubenstein, MA, PhD
Babette-Ann Stanton, PhD
John Tonkiss, PhD
M. David Ullman, PhD

Adjunct Associate Professor

Michael Fleming, EdD
Gordon J. Harris, PhD
Cheryl M. McCormick, PhD
David J. Mokler, PhD
Maressa H. Orzack, MA, PhD
Alvaro Pascual-Leone, PhD, MD
Walter E. Penk, MA, PhD
Perry Renshaw, PhD, MD

Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor

William G. Kantar, MD

Associate Professor Emerita

Gladys Friedler, MA, PhD

Assistant Professor

Maryam Afshar, MD
Lily Awad, MD
Jonathan N. Bass, MD
Isidore L. Berenbaum, MD
Theresa Stichick Betancourt, MA, ScD
Abdalla H. Bowirrat, PhD, MD
Deborah J. Brief, MA, PhD
Todd C. Buckley, PhD
Cynthia Chase, MA, PhD
Ann Marie B. Ciraulo, RN
Alice A. Clark, MA, PhD
Francis W. Clouse, MA, MA, EdD
Alan G. Corman, MD
Helen S. Denison, MA, PhD
Charles E. Drebing, PhD
G. Rita Dudley, MA, PhD
Beverley Heidi Ellis, MS, PhD
James A. Evans Mmus, MD
Phillip S. Freeman, MS, DMH, MD
John D. Gambill, MD
Barry I. Ginsberg, MD
Wanda F. Grant Knight, MA, PhD
Diana Hearst-Ikeda, MA, PhD
J. Stephen Heisel, MD
Lawrence R. Herz, MD
Velma A. Hoover, MSW
Barbara Jeanne Horner, MD
Anthony H. Jackson, MD
Peggy Lyn Johnson, MD
Herbert M. Joseph, PhD
David W. Kalman, MSW, PhD
Barbara Wolfsdorf Kamholz, MS, PhD
Frederick S. Kanter, MD
Clifford M. Knapp, MA, PhD
Jeffrey A. Knight, MS, PhD
Karen E. Krinsley, MS, PhD
Joseph Liftik, MS, PhD
Stuart L. Lustig, MPH, MD
Michael L. Mavroidis, MD
Patrick McNamara, MA, PhD
Mark W. Miller, MS, PhD
Barry Minsky, MD
DeAnna L. Mori, MA, PhD
Sandra Morissette, MA, PhD
Robert L. Muellner, MD
Barbara L. Niles, MS, PhD
Clare O'Callaghan, MS, EdD
Susan M. Orsillo, MA, PhD
John D. Otis, PhD
Resul K. Ozbayrak, MD
Mary Brown Parlee, PhD
Lyda S. Peters, MEd
Felix O. Pitterson, MD
Linda A. Piwowarczyk, MD
Paul Plasky, PhD, MD
Katherine M. Putnam, MA, PhD
Edward F. Rabe, PhD, MD
Mark A. Richardson, MA, PhD
David S Riggs, PhD
Dolly C. Sadow, MA, PhD
Ofra Sarid-Segal, MD
David M. Schnyer, MA, PhD
Marcia Scott, MD
Tommy D. Sellers, MD
Erica J. Sharkansky, PhD
Jillian C. Shipherd, MA, PhD
Roy M. Shulman, MD
Alma D. Smith, MA, PhD
Robert L. Sokolove, MA, PhD
Paul A. Spiers, MA, PhD
Gemima R. St. Louis, MA, PhD
Jonathan P. Strang, MD
Amy E. Street, MS, PhD
Chris C. Streeter, MD
Adam Sulkowski, MA, MD
Casey T. Taft, PhD
Martha C. Tompson, PhD
Glenn R. Trezza, MA, PhD
Eugene O. Uzogara, MD
Ricardo Vela, MD
Martha M. Vibbert, MA, PhD, EdD
Dawne S. Vogt, MA, PhD
Sally Weiskopf-Bock, EdM, EdD
Pamela R. Wine, MD
Richard J. Young, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Charles E. Adler, MD
Richard R. Amodio, MA, PhD
Brenda Bemporad, MA, MPhil, PhD
Mari C. Bennasar, MS, PsyD
Jeffrey B. Bryer, EdD
Thrassos S. Calligas, MD
Aurora M. Casta, MD
Richard P. Chasin, MD
Emanuel S. Chris, MD
Barbara E. Curran, MD
Maxim Daamen, MD
Nestore J. D'Angelo, MD
Donald A. Davidoff, SM, MPhil, PhD
Edwin M. Davidson, MD
Sheila A. Dowd, BA
Curtiss J. DuRand, MD
Stuart E. Edelman, MD
Nicolina M. Fedele, MA, PhD
Robert J. Feiguine, PsyD
Lisa M. Fisher, MS, PhD
Harry E. Ford, MEd, MD
John A. Fromson, MD
Pedro Jose Garrido, MEd, PhD
Cheryl A. Giles, MDiv, PsyD
Amit Granot, MMHS, MD
John A. Greene, EdM, PhD
Suzy Bird Gulliver, MA, PhD
Thomas J. Hefele, PhD
Karen M. Henley, MD
Elizabeth Herman, MD
Ronald G. Hersch, MA, PhD
Jonathan Horowitz, MD
Donna K. Housman, EDD
Laurie H. Humbert, MA, PhD
Valerie A. Jacoby, MPH, JD
Robert M. Jampel, PhD
Milton T. Jay, EdM, EdD
Hubert E. Jones, MSW
Stanley E. Kaden, MA, PhD
John P. Kelty, MA, PhD
Phillip M. Kleespies, MA, PhD
James W. Koster, MD
Gregory Kotonias-Payne, MD
Norman R. Lefebvre, MS, EdD
David C. Leiman, MD
Susan C. Magocsi, MEd, DSc
Virginia E. Merritt, MD
John J. Mogan, MA, MD
Jason E. Mondale, MD
Roslin P. Moore, PhD
Donna M. Moores, MD
Gisela Morales-Barreto, MA
Karen E. Norberg, MD
Arthur N. Papas, MD
Edith S. Pepper, MS, MD
Marsha D. Pravder-Mirkin, PhD
Norman N. Ralske, MD
Ann E. Raynolds, MA, MEd, PsyD
Neil B. Redlener, MD
Ira Reiskin, MD
Russel J. Ricci, MD
Janet S. Richmond, MSW
Margaret Riley, MD
Audrey Rubin, MD
Ruth K. Saemann, MEd, PsyD
David E. Seil, MD
Barbara E. Shagrin, MA, PhD
Kathleen K. Shahrokhi, MA, PhD
Philip Wells Shambaugh, MD
Derek A. Stern, MA, PhD
Gerald Sweet, MS, PhD
Ralph E. Talbot, MPhil, MD
Pierre Tetreault, MD
Jayne F. Trachman, MS, MD
David W. Trimble, MA, PhD
Carol E. Weichert, MD
James L. Wells, MSW
Marc A. Whaley, MD
Lorraine Emily Wolf, MA, PhD
Richard H. Wolff, MD
Tatiana N. Yanovsky, MD
Martin Yellen, MD

Research Assistant Professor

George T. Bain, PhD
Lynette L. Craft, MS, PhD
Kermit A. Crawford, MA, PhD
Matthew Kimble, MA
Barbara A. Morse, PhD
Patricia Salt MA, PhD
Haline E. Schendan, MA, PhD
Barry F. Skoff, MS, PhD

Adjunct Assistant Professor

Ruth Greenberg, JD
Nasir A. Khan, MBBS
Karestan C. Koenen, MA, PhD
Francesca LaVecchio, PhD, MD
Robert N. Ross, MA, PhD

Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor

Paul G. Cotton, MD
Gary Jacobson, MD

Instructor

Clifford Askinazi, MD
Dawn E. Balcazar, MS, PhD
Jori A. Berger, MA, PhD
Rudolph L. Blier, MA, MS, PhD
Mark Brudniak, MD
Marco L. Caicedo, MPH, MD
Robert L. Casey, MA, PhD
Karen Louise Condouris, MS
David A. Danforth, MA, PhD
Eve H. Davison, MA, PhD
Kathleen E. Dempsey, MD
Erin H. Donlan
John Dundas, MD
Don G. Elligan MA, PhD
Edward J. Federman, MA, MA, PhD
Steven P. Goldsmith, MD
Dolores E. Goode, MS, PhD
Benina F. Gould, MSW
Richard H. Ho, DSW
Valentina Jalynytchev, MD
Richard Kadison, MD
Paul K. Ling, EdM, PhD
Paul D. Lipsitt, PhD, LLB
Robert A. Lobis, MD
Paul E. McLean, MD
Alexander C. Morgan, MD
Margaret C. Hayes Nast, MSW
Lawrence Peltz, MD
Joanna Piechniczek-Buczek, MD
Ana Lordes Portales, MS, MA, PhD
Mitchell P. Pulver, MD
Justine Quinn, MS
Scott Reinhardt, PhD, MD
Malcolm L. Rosenblatt, MD
Mark C. Singer, MD
Ellen M. Sinnott, BSN, MSN
Jeanne C. Smith, MD
Jack C. Wall, MSW
Jodie Wigren, MSW, PhD

Clinical Instructor

Albert G. Abriel, MD
Yoshiharu Akabane, MD
Jeffrey Baker, MS, PhD
Mel Barton, MA, PhD
Rogelio D. Bayog, MD
Jean Bellows, MEd, PsyD, BSEd
Lisa D. Bloom-Charette, MS, MA, PhD
Joel A. Blum, MD
W. Alan Bodnar, MA, PhD
Jorge J. Borrell, MD
David J. Borrelli, MD
Roberta B. Caplan, PhD
Carlos J. Carrera, MD
Cynthia S. Carter, MD
Ruth C. Chad, MEd, MA, EdD
Abram Chipman, PhD
Bayard Clarkson, MD
J. Barry Claycomb, MD
Ellen M. Cohen, MS, MD
Sandra L. Crump, MEd, PhD
Mary A. Darche, BSN
Nancy J. Davis, EdM, MA, EdD
Svetlana Droznin, MD
James S. Elkind, MSSS
Nancy R. Elstun, BSN, MSN
Joel J. Epstein, MA, PhD
Mahnoosh Eslami, MD
Nazhat Farooqui, MBBS
Eugene J. Fierman, MD
Anna Fitzgerald, MD
Jeffrey Fortgang, PhD
Leonard E. Freedberg, MD
Oliver Freudenreich, MD
Kathleen Regina Fuentes, MSN, RN
Steven Gans, MD
John E. Garrison, MPH, MA, PhD
Richard B. Getman, MD
James H. Gilmour, MD
Scott B. Goetz, ScD, MD
Jeffrey R. Goldbarg, MD
Roland W. Golden, MSW
Gary N. Goldsmith, MD
Mark D. Green, MD
Thomas R. Green, MD
Elizabeth Grynberg, MD
John D. Hamilton, MD
Roma J. Heillig, MS, PhD
Carmel R. Heinsohn, MD
Bruce J. Holstein, MD
H. Rollins Ives, MSEd, EdD
John R. Jordan, MA, PhD
Ellen V. Kanter, MD
Robert M. Kaplan, MD
Robert A. Karr, MD
Barry H. Klegman, MD
Stuart L. Koman, PhD
James M. Krainin, MD
Michael A. Krieger, MD
William B. Land, MD
Catherine L. Lee, MS, PhD
Paul E. Lynch, MD
Michael J. Macht-Greenberg, MA, PhD
Yefim Magitsky, MD
John E. Mathews MS, PsyD
Joseph More, MD
Barbara Neizo, MS, RN
John A. Nichols PSyD
Harvey L. Nissman, MD
Domingo Pagan, MD
Cathy A. Perkins, MD
L. Scott Permesley, MD
Eugene L. Pogany, PhD
Mark F. Poster, MD
Gary Prince, MD
Robert D. Sall, MD
Mark A. Schechter, MD
Bruno Scherz, MD
Hope Schreiber, MEd, PsyD
David B. Shumway, MD
Richard I. Spiro, MD
Sarah B. Stewart, PsyD
Lieselotte Suskind, MD
Nick Tomich, PsyD
Claire E. Usen, MS
Melanie J. Vielhauer, PhD
Albert J. Villapiano, MEd, EdD
Mary Lou L. Warren, MD
Douglas F. Watt, MEd, PhD
Charles L. Weisman, MD
Thomas K. Weiss, MD
Charles L. West, MEd, PhD
Lisa H. Wolfe, MA, PhD
Burns Woodward, MD
Paul Yuen-chen Yin, MD

Research Instructor

David M. Goodman, MA, PhD
Merle M. Orren, MA, PhD

Lecturer

James E. Barrett, MD
Arthur J. Bindman, MPH, MA, PhD
Richard S. Blacher, MD
Stanley H. Cath, MD
Jonathan O. Cole, MD
Gertrude T. Cuthbert, MSW
Max Day, MD
Lee W. Ellenberg, MSW
Hikmet N. Emmanuel, MA, MBChB
Alan Fisch, MD
Leslie A. Fishman, MBA, PhD
David J. Greenblatt, MD
Ernest L. Hartmann, MD
Dezra L. Kenney, MS, RN
Stephen Luippold, MSN
Scott E. Lukas, PhD
Robert W. McCarley, MD
Catherine C. O’Leary, MA, PhD
Peter Rempelakis, MSW
Joel Rosenbaum, MA, PhD
Robert J. Russell, MSN
Linda Sahovey, BSN
David G. Satin, MD
Richard I. Shader, MD
Alan E. Siegel, EdM, EdD
Joan C. Taglieri, BSN, MS
Lionelle D. Wells, MD
Deborah Yurgelun-Todd, MA, MA, PhD

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Joint Faculty

Professor

Marlene Oscar Berman, MA, PhD
Professor of Anatomy and Neurobiology

Michael A. Grodin, MD
Professor of Health Law

Benjamin S. Siegel, MD
Professor of Pediatrics

Ladislav Volicer, PhD, MD
Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Leonard D. Zaichkowsky, MEd, PhD

Research Professor

David Barlow, MA, PhD

Jan K. Blusztajn, PhD, MD
Professor of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Adjunct Professor

Edith F. Kaplan, MA, PhD
Adjunct Professor of Neurology

Associate Professor

Sanford H. Auerbach, MD
Associate Professor of Neurology

R. Christopher Pierce, PhD
Associate Professor of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

Research Associate Professor

Robert J. Ferrante, MS, PhD
Research Associate Professor of Neurology

Thomas E. Mulholland, MA, PhD
Research Associate Professor of Neurology

Assistant Professor

Lisa T. Connor, MA, PhD
Research Assistant Professor of Neurology

Barbara A. Dworetzky, MD
Assistant Professor of Neurology

Robert J. Joseph, PhD
Assistant Professor in Anatomy and Neurobiology

Alisa K. Lincoln, MPH, PhD
Assistant Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Ignacio Lopez, PhD, MD

Penny Prather, PhD, MD
Research Assistant Professor of Neurology

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Required Courses

First Year

Normal Radiographic Anatomy

Correlation lectures and seminar demonstrations of diagnostic radiology given concurrently with gross anatomical dissections of each area. Dr. O'Connor and staff

Second Year

Eight workshops teaching radiology of the chest and abdomen are integrated with the Biology of Disease course. Small groups of students are taken through a step-by-step approach to radiographic diagnosis by both community radiologists and the radiology staff. The material covered updates the radiologic work-up of clinical problems by introducing the newer technologies and illustrating their use in typical clinical situations. Dr. Raagas and staff

Third and Fourth Years

A one-month radiology required course is offered to fourth-year Boston University students, during which time the student is exposed to every aspect of a large university radiology program. Programmed audiovisual teaching aides and several hours of didactic teaching each day are an integral part of the course. The student rotates through all of the various radiologic subspecialties and has freedom to spend extra time in areas of personal interest. Students participate in departmental conferences on a daily basis.

A radiology elective for a one-month period can be specifically tailored for a student wishing to spend one or more months in a subspecialty such as pediatric radiology, neuroradiology, gastrointestinal radiology, or ultrasound. Dr. Clarke and staff

Elective

A radiology elective following the initial General Radiology course can be obtained for a one-month period and can be specifically tailored for students who wish one or more months in a subspecialty such as pediatric radiology, neuroradiology, nuclear radiology, gastrointestinal radiology, ultrasound, MRI, or vascular/interventional radiology.

Faculty

Professor and Chairman

Alexander M. Norbash, MD

Professor

Joseph T. Ferrucci, MD
M. Elon Gale, MD
Sarwat Hussain, MBBS
Ewa Kuligowska, MD
Victor W. Lee, MD
M. Elizabeth Oates, MD
John F. O'Connor, MD
Jerome H. Shapiro, MD

Clinical Professor

Philip J. Arena, MD
William R. Cranley, MD
Stephen G. Gerzof, MD

Adjunct Professor

Alan H. Robbins, MD

Associate Professor

Peter D. Clarke, MD
Laura Feldman, MS, MD
Hernan J. Jara, MS, PhD
Lisa A. Kachnic, MD
Rachel A. Powsner, MPH, MD
Jorge A. Soto, MD
Shripad P. Tilak, MS, MBBS

Jose C. Varghese, MBChB

Clinical Associate Professor

Shyam Dayal, MD, MBBS
Uve F. Hublitz, MD
Carl R. Larsen, MD
Daniel J. O'Connor, MD
Richard S. Pieters, MEd, MD
Manuel S. Raagas, MD
Charles E. Taylor, MD

Adjunct Associate Professor

Alphonse Taghian, MSc, PhD, MD

Assistant Professor

Glenn D. Barest, MD
Matthew Barish, MD
Luis Diaz, MD
Daniel R. Gale, MD
Laurie Gianturco, MD
Alan C. Hartford, PhD, MD
Charles Hyde, MD
Steven C. Lane, MD
Brian C. Lucey, MBBCh
Paul McGinnis, MD
Scott K. Reid, MD
Osamu Sakai, PhD, MD
Nirav P. Shah, MD
Douglas L. Teich, MD
Deborah C. TerMeulen, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

James M. Bevilacqua, MD
Richard W. Dunlop, MD
Daniel L. Grosso, MD
William S. Klutz, MD
Craig D. Korbin, MD
Douglas Koza, MD
Daryl R. Parker, MD
Warren Salzman, MD

Adjunct Assistant Professor

Mihran Artinian, MD
Steven B. Birnbaum, MD
Kenneth G. Burgess, MBA
Shelton Caruthers, MS, PhD
Matthew H. DiMasi, MD
Marc J. Homer, MD
Subhash Lathi, MBBS
James S. Nagel, MD
Anthony Zeitman, MA, MBBS, MD

Instructor

Joseph Fonte, MD
Victorine Muse, MD
Parshant Puri, MD
Guillermo Sanchez, MD
Rebecca K. Schwartz, MD
Vanessa M. Stipinovich, MBChB

Clinical Instructor

Kevin S. Buckley, MS, MS
James L. Hayes, MS, MD

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Required Courses

First Year

During the Gross Anatomy course, the department presents demonstrations of normal neuromuscular and musculoskeletal functions, followed by the study of impaired function through the presentation of patients with dysfunction. Both hospitalized and ambulatory patients participate. Staff

Third Year

Introduction to Rehabilitation

A survey of rehabilitation medicine is available for third-year medical students early in the year. The course is designed for students with little exposure to clinical medicine.

Prerequisites: None

Duration: 2 weeks

Spinal Cord Injury Team

Students become a part of the treatment team on the spinal cord injury unit. Each student will follow two or three inpatients, attend team conferences, rounds, therapy sessions, and lectures. Spinal cord injury clinic for outpatients rounds out the experience. Readings are assigned.

Objectives: Understanding the complex rehabilitation process, prevention of medical complications

Prerequisites: Medicine, Surgery, Psychiatry, Pediatrics

Electives

Third Year

Rehabilitation Medicine—Third and Fourth Year

The rehabilitation of a patient with a variety of clinical problems is explored. The student is expected to follow two to three patients and attend their therapy sessions, rounds, didactics, and team meetings. Reading will be assigned around aspects of patient care. Clinical entities include neurologic, cardiovascular, rheumatologic, and orthopaedic problems.

Prerequisites: Medicine, Surgery

Fourth Year

Brain Injury Rehabilitation Team

Students become a part of the treatment team on the brain injury unit. Each student will follow two or three inpatients, and attend team conferences, rounds, therapy sessions, and lectures. Brain injury clinic for outpatients rounds out the experience. Readings are assigned.

Objectives: Understanding of the complex rehabilitation process, prevention of medical complications

Prerequisites: Medicine, Surgery, Psychiatry, Pediatrics

Rehabilitation Medicine Consultations

Students join the rehabilitation consultation team and review complex problems with resident and attending staff. Assessment of level of care, as well as use of appropriate physical therapy, occupational therapy, orthotics, and prosthetics will be reviewed.

Research in Rehabilitation

Members of the rehabilitation medicine faculty can assist students in the development of independent study projects. Prior to the rotation, the student should meet with the preceptor to identify a specific area of study. Design, data, and progress are reviewed weekly. A short paper is required at the end of the rotation.

Outpatient Management of Rehabilitation Problems

Concentrating on the rehabilitation problems of ambulatory patients offers a different perspective than the usual approach to the hospitalized patient. The student attends general rehabilitation as well as specialty clinics (e.g., spinal cord injury, muscular dystrophy, multiple sclerosis) to gain experience with outpatients.

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Faculty

Chairman (ad interim)

Steve R. Williams, MD

Clinical Professor

Stanley H. Ducharme, MS, PhD

Associate Professor

Shanker Nesathurai, MS, MD

Clinical Associate Professor

Susan Biener Bergman, MD
Kyung-Ae (Carol) K. Hahn, MD
Tai-San Huang, MD
Dan F. Pollets, MS, PhD

Assistant Professor

L. Douglas Dolgov, MD
Mark S. Kaplan, MD
Minh Tran, DO
Feng Wang, MPH, MD
Buck Hong Woo, MA, PhD

Clinical Assistant Professor

David M. Blaustein, MD
Gail G. Brown, MD
Chunbo Cai, MD
Herminia P. Festin, MD
Barry C. Gendron, DO
James J. Lee, MD
Paul A. Liguori, MD
Simona Manasian, MD
Neal F. McGrath, PhD
Randa Mowlood, MSc, MSc
Robert A. Rosenberg, MEd, MD
Robert J. Van Strein, MD

Adjunct Clinical Assistant Professor

Carol P. McCabe, MPH
Jon A. Mukand, MA, MD
Erik P. Purins, MD
Andrea J. Wagner, MD

Clinical Instructor

Robert A. Furman, MA, MD

Adjunct Clinical Instructor

Stuart J. Glassman, MD
Paulette Demers Turco, OD

Lecturer

Anna Pomfret, MBBCh

Joint Faculty

Clinical Associate Professor

Arthur P. Safran, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Neurology

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Required Courses

Essentials of Public Health

The course Essentials of Public Health recognizes that delivering quality health care requires extensive knowledge of the health system in which a physician practices. Being an efficient and effective physician requires knowledge of health services, medical economics, and ethical, legal, political, and regulatory constraints. Awareness of the environmental and social factors which influence health in individuals and populations is necessary for the promotion of health and the prevention of disease. Caring for patients requires a sensitivity to language, culture, and ethnicity as well as familiarity with psychosocial and behavioral models. Knowledge of epidemiology and biostatistics is necessary for evaluating effective medical interventions as well as the population basis for the practice of community medicine.

Topics of core lectures include: medical ethics, health and human rights, health care regulation, medical malpractice, informed consent, confidentiality, reproduction, organ transplantation, terminal illness, health promotion and disease prevention, health education, medical anthropology, environmental and occupational health, health services, health care delivery systems, health care financing, managed care, elementary biostatistics, epidemiology, randomized clinical trials, clinical measurements, diagnostic testing, and clinical decision making.

Geriatrics Service

Fourth Year

Students are assigned in groups of eight to ten for a period of one month to the Geriatrics Service, sponsored jointly by the Boston Medical Center and School of Medicine.

Medical care is furnished by students and their physician preceptors to the elderly and/or handicapped population in their homes or in elderly housing developments in many Boston neighborhoods.

The program stresses the teaching of principles of primary care and geriatric medicine in a practice setting. Didactic conferences are presented each morning by staff and guest lecturers in addition to “morning report,” where every patient seen by a student is presented.

Faculty

Professor and Chairman

Robert F. Meenan, MPH, MD

Professor

Elizabeth W. Markson, MA, PhD

Associate Professor

Anna M. Bissonnette, MS

Assistant Professor Emerita

Constance C. Cornog, MD

Instructor

Margaret J. Polito, MPH

Clinical Instructor

George S. Benjamin, MD
Sheldon C. Binder, MD
Herbert W. Bistrong, MD
Robert J. Carey, MD
Herman E. Carr Jr., MD
Robert A. Cole, MD
Benjamin L. Cooley, MD
Andrew D. Dorr, MD
Anne F. Godley, MD
Andrew D. Guthrie Jr., MD
Jeffrey H. Harris, MD
Edith M. Jolin, MS, MD
Maurice D. Kogut, MD
Najmosama Nikrui, MD
Vincent J. Russo, MPH, MD
Paul Solomon, MD
William M. Soybel, MD
Vincent P. Sullivan Jr., MPH, MD

Adjunct Instructor

Lisa J. Levine, MPH

Joint Faculty

Professor

George J. Annas, MPH, JD
Edward R. Utley Professor of Health Law

William J. Bicknell, MPH, MD
Professor of International Health

Theodore Colton, MS, ScD
Professor of Epidemiology

Leonard H. Glantz, JD
Professor of Health Law

Michael A. Grodin, MD
Professor of Health Law

Ralph W. Hingson, MPH, ScD
Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Wendy K. Mariner, LLM, MPH, JD
Professor of Health Law

Barbara M. Millen, MPH, DrPH
Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

David M. Ozonoff, MPH, MD
Professor of Environmental Health

Anthony Robbins, MPA, MD
Adjunct Professor of Environmental Health

Adjunct Professor

Judith P. Swazey, PhD
Adjunct Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Professor Emeritus

Joel J. Alpert, MD
Professor Emeritus of Pediatrics

Norman A. Scotch, MA, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Joseph J. Vitale, MS, ScD, MD
Professor Emeritus of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

Associate Professor

Arthur J. Culbert, MS, PhD
Associate Professor of Social and Behavioral Sciences

Susan S. Fish, PharmD
Associate Professor of Biostatistics

Lewis E. Kazis, ScM, ScD
Associate Professor of Health Services

Robert J. Master, MD
Associate Professor of Health Services

Marianne N. Prout, MD
Professor of Epidemiology

George Rosenthal, MD
Clinical Associate Professor of Medicine

Peter F. Shaw, MPhil, PhD
Associate Professor of Family Medicine

Assistant Professor

Jack A. Clark, PhD
Associate Professor of Health Services

William B. Patterson, MD
Assistant Professor of Environmental Health

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Required Courses

First year

Clinical Correlation

Surgical instruction begins in the first year with a series of clinics correlating regional anatomy with the treatment of diseases amenable to surgery. Staff

Second Year

Surgical material is integrated into each of the organ system sections of the Biology of Disease course. One portion of this course is devoted to trauma. Overview sessions cover the following topics: initial assessment, stabilization and transport, shock and resuscitation, airway management and ventilation, thoracic trauma, abdominal trauma, head injury, vascular trauma, orthopaedic trauma, burns, nutritional support, and postoperative complications. Dr. Frederick H. Millham and the general surgery and specialty staffs

Third Year

Clinical Clerkships

Half of the clerkship is spent on general surgery rotations at one of two base hospitals (Boston Medical Center or VA Boston Healthcare System.) One quarter is spent on general surgery at a community hospital (Cape Cod, Roger Williams, or Quincy Medical Center) or on a long subspecialty rotation (Ophthalmology, Orthopaedic, Otolaryngology, Pediatric, Plastic, or Urology). Assignment to the base hospitals is done through the Registrar’s Office just prior to the beginning of the academic year; assignments to the community hospitals and subspecialties are done through the Office of Student Surgical Education prior to the beginning of each block. An orientation meeting on the first day of the clerkship reviews the students’ responsibilities, and the evaluation process and departmental final examinations are discussed. During this clerkship, the student assumes active responsibility, under supervision, for the care of patients as a junior member of the surgical team. Information instruction is given on wards and in the operating room, and formal instruction is given during lectures, seminars, rounds, and conferences in which students are expected to participate. Dr. Brotschi, Director of Surgical Education, and surgical staffs of involved hospitals

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Faculty

James B. Utley Professor and Chairman

James M. Becker, MD

Professor

Robert M. Beazley, MD
Sang I. Cho, MD
Richard H. Egdahl, PhD, MD
Neil R. Feins, MD
Gary W. Gibbons, MD
Erwin F. Hirsch, MD
Kamal M. F. Itani, MD
Willard C. Johnson, MS, MD
Wayne W. LaMorte, MPH, PhD, MD
Barry M. Manuel, MD
James O. Menzoian, MA, MD
Michael D. Stone, MD
Peter Thomas, PhD
Michael P. Vezeridis, MD
Harold J. Wanebo, MD

Clinical Professor

James A. Borger, MD
Francis D. Cogliano, MD
Harold W. Harrower, MD
Stephen J. Hoye, DMD, MD
Grant V. Rodkey, MD
Herman J. Sugarman, MD
Warren J. Taylor, MD

Research Professor

Allan D. Callow, MS, PhD, MD

Professor Emeritus

Edward A. Gaensler, MD
Peter J. Mozden, MD

Associate Professor

Gregory A. Antoine, MD
Timothy J. Babineau, MD
Erica A. Brotschi, MD
Peter A. Burke, MD
John M. Cahill, MD
Nancy L. Cantelmo, MD
Alasdair Conn, MBChB
Richard C. Dennis, MD
Garry F. Fitzpatrick, MD
Maureen T. Kavanah, MD
David B. McAneny, MD
Steven L. Moulton, MD
Michael T. Watkins, MD
Jonathan Woodson, MD

Clinical Associate Professor

John J. Ambrosino, MD
Thomas J. Anglem, MD
Stewart Armstrong, MD
Frank W. Garran, MD
Eugene H. Healey, MD
Paul J. Healey, MD
Richard B. Lewis, MD
Kevin J. McBride, MD
Harold I. Miller, MD
Vincent J. Patalano, MA, MD
Alfred V. Persson, MD
Charles W. Robertson, MD
Frank J. Schaberg, MD
Howard S. Sturim, MD
Magesh Sundaram, MBA, MD

Research Associate Professor

Arthur F. Stucchi, MS, PhD

Adjunct Associate Professor

Jerrold M. Shapiro, MS, MS, PhD

Adjunct Clinical Associate Professor

Brooke R. Seckel, MD

Assistant Professor

Suresh K. Agarwal, MD
Andrea P. Basile, MD
David Cottrell
Arthur Glasgow, MD
Donald T. Hess, MD
Maria Ikossi-O’Connor, PhD, MD
Hau T. Pham, DPM
Marvin Z. Schreiber, MPH, JD, DMD, MD
Stephen M. Sentovich, MD
Palma M. Shaw, MD
Charu Taneja, MBBS
Bhupesh Vasisht, MD
Suzanne K. Wedel, MD
Sayed Mahmood Zare, MBBS

Clinical Assistant Professor

Howard F. Carpenter, MD
Allen B. Davis, MD
Anthony P. DeFeo, MD
Anthony J. Dragone, MS, MD
Richard J. Ehrlichman, MD
Denise M. Fraser, MD
Alphonse L. Gallitano, MD
Goeffrey M. Habershaw, DPM
Arnold H. Herman, MD
Roger W. House, MD
David F. Hyatt, MD
Gregory J. Kechejian, MD
Francis R. Kenney, MD
Paul M. Konowitz, MD
Knowles B. Lawrence, MD
Richard H. Litner, MD
William P. Luke, MD
John A. Malcolm, MD
Carol Naranjo, MD
Robert S. Nierman, MD
Martin Phillips, MD
William J. Porell, MD
Edward Reardon, MD
Stephen G. ReMine, MD
Maher M. Samaha, MBBCh
Stephen F. Schiff, MD
Alfonse Serrano, MD
Melvin H. Sher, MD
Louis Vito, MD
Michael J. Weaver
Julie G. White, MD
Richard Wong, MD
James J. Yashar, MD
Dominic A. Zazzarino, MD

Research Assistant Professor

Ming Lu, MS, MD
Somnath Prusty, MS, MBBS
Karen L. Reed, MS, PhD
David Shrayer, PhD, MD

Instructor

Odysseus Argy, MD
Albert M. Ishihara, MD
John I. Polk, MD

Clinical Instructor

Modhaffer K. Al-Chokhachy, MD
Stephen W. Brooks, MD
Annella Brown, MD
Anthony G. Capobianco, MD
Roger N. Chabra, MD
Gerard Desforges, MD
Seymour A DiMare, MD
Robert A. DiTullio, MD
Thomas E. Fitzgerald, MD
Carlos A. Fonts, MD
Richard L. Grotz, MD
H. Walter Kaess, PhD, MD
Nishan Kechejian, MD
Robert M. Kim, MD
Christopher M. Locke, DPM
Arcangelo V. Mariano, MD
Ronald L. Nath, MD
Edward T. O'Hara, MD
William J. Powers, MD
Seppo E. Rapo, MD
Robert A. Scarpato, MS, MD
Paul Sergi, MD
George W.B. Starkey, MD
Charles L. Thayer, MD
David R. Williams, MD

Adjunct Clinical Instructor

Christopher J. Corey, MD
Richard L. Paulson, MD

Lecturer

Ralph A. Deterling MS, PhD, MD
Burton H. Harris, MD

Joint Faculty

Research Professor

C. Robert Valeri, MD
Professor of Medicine

Research Professor Emeritus

Paul H. Black, MD
Professor Emeritus of Microbiology

Associate Professor

Marianne N. Prout, MD
Associate Professor of Epidemiology

Assistant Professor

Richard M. Niles, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry

Jeffrey H. Spiegel, MD
Associate Professor of Otolaryngology

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Required Courses

First and Second Years

The first year is limited and consists of several lectures presented to the whole class on the anatomy of the genitourinary system during the course in anatomy. During the second year, urologic lectures and conferences are correlated with instruction by allied departments in the course Biology of Disease. Emphasis is placed on the etiology and basic pathophysiology of some of the major disease problems of the genitourinary system including trauma, neurogenic bladder disease, impotence, cancer, calculus disease, and infection. Examination of the genitourinary system of the male is also reviewed.

Third and Fourth Years

During the three-month general surgical clinical clerkship at several Boston University affiliated hospitals, instruction in clinical urology continues in the form of a two-week elective with the Department of Urology. Emphasis is placed on correlation of clinical manifestations and underlying pathology. In the affiliated hospitals instruction continues in the form of one- to two-hour lectures or conferences conducted weekly or bimonthly by members of the urology staff at each one of the hospitals. In the fourth year, a student may elect a one-month intensive elective in urology at the Boston Medical Center.

Faculty

Professor and Chairman

Richard K. Babayan, MD

Professor

Irwin Goldstein, MD
Robert D. Oates, MD
Mike B. Siroky, MD

Research Professor

Kazem M. Azadzoi, MD
Daniel G. Udelson, PhD

Clinical Associate Professor

Steven R. Previte, MD

Adjunct Associate Professor

Inigo Saenz de Tejada, MD

Assistant Professor

Robert A. Edelstein, MD
Louis S. Liou, PhD, MD
Ricardo Munarriz, MD
David S. Wang, MD
Tracey Small Wilson, MD

Clinical Assistant Professor

Vincent A. Andaloro, MD
Anthony M. Filoso, MD
Liam J. Hurley, MD
Jeffrey S. Lamont, MD

Research Assistant Professor

Noel N. Kim, MA, PhD

Instructor

Paul S. Freedberg, MS, MD
George D. Kornitzer, MD
Andrew Charles Kramer, MD
Ossama E. Sakr, MBChB
Michael P. Zahalsky, MMS, MD

Clinical Instructor

Anup K. Singh, MD

Joint Faculty

Professor

Abdulmaged M. Traish, PhD
Professor of Biochemistry

Research Professor Emeritus

Herbert H. Wotiz, PhD
Professor Emeritus of Biochemistry

Clinical Assistant Professor

Stanley H. Ducharme, MS, PhD
Clinical Professor of Rehabilitation Medicine

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The rapid expansion of knowledge in the health sciences during the past half-century has necessitated a marked division of labor quite apart from the development of the numerous medical specialties. The specific requirements for teaching, research, and patient care necessitate in each case distinctive training and qualifications. It can be generalized that, whereas the care of the sick and the clinical training of future physicians is the primary responsibility of the physician (MD), the teaching of the basic medical sciences has devolved largely upon individuals specifically trained in fundamental research (either PhD or MD). The major training of both groups, however, occurs within schools of medicine. Medical scientists teaching in the School of Medicine are members both of the Medical School faculty and that of the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences of the University.

Boston University School of Medicine grants MA and PhD degrees to students enrolled in the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences who carry out the major part of their programs at the School of Medicine. Such students must meet the requirements and standards of the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, which administers the program within the School of Medicine. Students may apply for admission to this program upon completing their undergraduate requirements, or during the predoctoral or postdoctoral medical training. A student interested in a program of study leading to an MA or PhD degree should consult the Associate Dean of the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences. Application forms and bulletins are available from the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences, 715 Albany Street, Suite L-317, Boston, MA 02118; 617-638-5120; e-mail medsci@bu.edu. Students also may apply online through the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences.

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Graduate Departments and Degree Programs

Students in the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences (GMS) — the focus of graduate education in the biomedical sciences at Boston University Medical Center — are provided with the opportunity of undertaking study and research in the well-equipped laboratory facilities of the preclinical departments that make up the Division. PhD degree study is available in anatomy, behavioral neuroscience, biochemistry, biophysics, biomedical neuroscience, cell and molecular biology, genetics and genomics, immunology, microbiology, molecular medicine, oral biology, pathology, pharmacology, and physiology. MA degree study is available in clinical investigation, medical sciences, mental health and behavioral medicine, and all of the above areas except behavioral neuroscience and cell and molecular biology. Interdepartmental training and research programs in molecular medicine, oral biology, immunology, and neuroscience are also available. Dual degree programs with the School of Medicine, the School of Public Health, the College of Engineering, and the School of Management are an ever-expanding aspect of current multidimensional biomedical research and education. Specific requirements and research opportunities in these various areas are outlined elsewhere.

To accommodate the growth in these areas and in research emanating from the basic science departments, significant additions to the School’s physical plant have been made and more are underway. These additions to research space will help to perpetuate an environment conducive to integrated inquiry between basic scientists and clinical investigators. Indeed, the prevalence of joint appointments between basic sciences and clinical departments attests to the high level of cooperation between scientists and clinicians in the conceptualization, discovery, development, and testing of new therapeutic methods and pharmacological products.

Assistance is available to help finance the graduate education of qualified applicants through departmental training grants and federal fellowship programs. Information regarding financial assistance may be obtained from the program in which the student’s major interest lies.

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Major Fields and Areas of Specialization

Graduate students in the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences utilize the facilities of the basic science and clinical departments, research laboratories, and centers of the Boston University School of Medicine and the affiliated hospitals of the Boston University Medical Center (BUMC). In addition, special programs may be arranged between the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences in the School of Medicine and the School of Public Health in the School of Medicine; the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers; the Departments of Biology, Chemistry, and Psychology on the Charles River Campus; the Graduate School of Management; and the College of Engineering.

Both MA and PhD degrees (except where noted otherwise below) are offered by the Division in each of the following departments and programs.

Anatomy and Neurobiology

Graduate instruction in the Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology is offered in gross human anatomy, microscopic anatomy, and neuroscience, in addition to several courses designed specifically for graduate students. Current areas of graduate research include: examination of connections, neurocytology, and immunocytochemistry of various parts of the nervous system, such as the cerebral cortex, electrical and morphological properties of neurons; hippocampus, spinal cord, and basal ganglia; development of visual cortex and retina; aging in various parts of the nervous system; sensory cell regeneration in the cochlea; neurobiological basis of memory; neurobiology of cell signaling; and gene expression in aged hypertensive monkeys.

Behavioral Neuroscience

The program in behavioral neuroscience awards the PhD degree only; the MA degree is not offered. The program offers opportunities for research related to human brain dysfunction. Principal research interests of the current core faculty include language disorders; disorders of purposeful movement; pathology of learning and memory; drugs and behavior; dementias; brain mechanisms of reinforcement; psychoneuroimmunology; visuospatial and other perceptual disorders; affective disorders; and developmental disorders. The methods employed in the study of human brain disorders include neuropsychological, neurological, and behavioral assessment procedures; dichotic listening; visual half-field and bimanual stimulation; instrumental and classical conditioning; brain imaging techniques; psychopharmacology; and electrophysiology. The department maintains a close affiliation with the Boston and Bedford VA Medical Centers, where students are encouraged to attend seminars, colloquia, and hospital rounds in the psychology and neurology services.

Biochemistry

The major research interests of the faculty in the Department of Biochemistry include: (1) regulation of gene expression in response to development, tissue specificity, growth and differentiation, interaction with environmental factors, and various disease states; (2) vesicle trafficking; (3) signal transduction by peptide hormones, growth factors, and cytokines; (4) plant molecular biology; (5) gene expression, biosynthesis, response to exogenous factors, degradation, metabolism, and enzymology of the extracellular matrix; (6) cell cycle; (7) molecular immunology; (8) neurobiochemistry; (9) structure/function relationships of lipoproteins, lipoprotein genes, and their influence on cell function; and (10) mechanism of action of steroid hormones. In addition to many basic science projects, a variety of clinically related studies in the fields of a cardiovascular disease and hypertension, pulmonary disease and fibrosis, aging, Alzheimer’s disease, reproduction, obesity, inflammation, cancer, thrombosis, and diabetes are also in progress.

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Biophysics

The research interests of the faculty of the Department of Physiology and Biophysics range from cell and structural biology to traditional physical chemical studies of small and macro-molecules. Of particular interest is the study of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates and their function in cellular membranes, cellular organelles, serum lipoproteins, adipose tissue, nerve, and brain tissue. The 3-dimensional structure of Macromolecular assemblies including the nuclear pore, the spindle pole body, nucleosomes, bacterial adhesion pili, the translocou, apopfosomes, and a number of membrane receptor-ligand complexes are currently being studied. Such pathological deposits as atherosclerotic plaques, gallstones, Alzheimer’s disease, and amyloid plaques and abnormal lipoproteins are also under study. The techniques of modern cell biology and biochemistry and techniques used in structural biology, particularly high-resolution cryoelectron microscopy and image reconstruction, protein and lipid X-ray diffraction, 2D and classical NMR spectroscopy, coupled with classical physical chemical techniques such as microcalorimetry, circular dichroic and fluorescence spectroscopy, ultra-centrifugation and immunochemistry make it possible to study thermodynamic and kinetic processes as structure changes during function. Supporting these systems is a modern computer laboratory for image analysis and reconstruction and molecular modeling. Classic and cryoelectron microscopy allow the determination of the structures of macromolecular complexes down to 10 to 20 A resolution, whereas X-ray crystallography and 2D NMR allow structures of the components to be determined at atomic resolution.

Cell and Molecular Biology

The interdisciplinary Program in Cell and Molecular Biology takes advantage of the individual resources of the seven academic departments in the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences at Boston University School of Medicine. The Program in Cell and Molecular Biology awards the PhD degree only. The program focuses on basic scientific and clinical issues related to molecular and cellular biology. The participation of more than 80 faculty members offers a diversity of research opportunities and a wealth of productive interactions. Areas of expertise include molecular mechanisms regulating gene expression and developmental programs, cell structure/function relationships, molecular characterization of receptors and signal transduction processes, structural analyses of macromolecules, and the impact on health and disease on all of these areas. The availability of core facilities (i.e., FACS cell sorter, confocal microscope, microscopic imaging, transgenic mouse colony, University-wide computer network) allows for the state-of-the-art technological approaches to address critical research issues.

Clinical Investigation

The Master of Arts Program in Clinical Investigation is a rigorous program geared to meet the needs of health professionals engaged in the full spectrum of patient-oriented research. There are three components: core courses, elective courses, and a clinical research practicum with a thesis. This flexible degree program is designed to meet the needs of a variety of professionals including physicians who will design and oversee translational research and clinical trials, research nurses, study coordinators, managers in clinical research and the site management organizations (CROs and SROs) and professionals in the pharmaceutical, biotechnology, and medical device industries. All applicants for admission are required to have a baccalaureate degree, and to have completed the following courses: General Chemistry, Organic Chemistry, Biology, and Physics. Students with degrees in the natural sciences, pharmacy, and other allied health professionals are encouraged to apply to this program. The program consists of a minimum of 32 credit hours and can be completed in one year. It can also be completed on a part-time basis and for that reason the required coursework for the degree will be offered in the early evening to accommodate those students who are employed.

Genetic Counseling

The Master of Science Program in Genetic Counseling provides students with the appropriate knowledge, experience, and mentoring to become competent, sensitive, and motivated genetic counselors. This is accomplished through a variety of educational experiences including coursework, clinical training, research project preparation, and supplementary activities such as case conferences, grand rounds, journal clubs, and seminars.

The Boston University School of Medicine and the Boston Medical Center’s teaching hospital offer access to tremendous resources for clinical experience and laboratory genetic services, making this the first program of its kind to be located within an academic medical center in New England.

Genetics and Genomics

The scientific advances that led to the sequencing of the human genome underscore the necessity to combine the scholarly approaches derived from classical fields such as genetics with those rapidly developing fields in the arena of genomics. Indeed, each of the NIH Institutes has identified a national need to develop institutional training programs in the scientific disciplines at the interface of biological and genomic sciences. The ultimate objective of these efforts is to train scientists to take full advantage of publicly available genomic data to make rapid and ingenious advances in biomedical research. Bringing these combined approaches to the practice of modern science and medicine will have an enormous impact on shaping the development of new fields, but before this can occur, the specialized disciplines need to be introduced into a framework in which they are juxtaposed. Scientists with expertise in genetic methods, molecular problems, and computational approaches must interact in productive ways and train a new generation of scientists to utilize cross-disciplinary tools in scientific research.

The Department of Genetics and Genomics teaches students to apply the approaches of classical genetics and modern genomics to investigations of the heritable basis of numerous biological traits, the relationships among genes, the regulation of their expression, and the molecular basis of genetic diseases.

Immunology

The Program in Immunology offers predoctoral candidates coursework, seminars in contemporary immunology, and research training suitable to prepare them for careers in immunology research. The Program in Immunology awards the PhD degree only. The training faculty consists of a highly interactive group of investigators with particular expertise in topics such as B cell development and function; transcriptional regulation of macrophage and lymphocyte activity; cytokine mediated signaling pathways; factors predisposing to autoimmune disease; receptor mediated apoptosis; cancer cell biology and lymphocyte transformation; immunotherapy; HIV binding and pathogenesis; vaccine development; and airway hypersensitivity.

Medical Sciences

The Master of Arts in Medical Sciences is designed for students interested in pursuing a career in a health related field, including the pursuit of medicine. Students who matriculate, some of whom had applied previously to medical school, come from many universities throughout the United States and Canada. The concept of the program is to introduce students to a variety of career opportunities including medicine. 90 percent of the graduates from this program achieve their career goals. The acceptance rate to medical school approaches 85 percent. Special programs combining the MA in Medical Sciences with programs in the School of Medicine, the School of Public Health, and the Graduate School of Management are also available. The program consists of the equivalent of two semesters of fundamental coursework and two semesters of directly supervised research; the latter two semesters can be completed during two summers. Students wishing to complete the program in 12 months must register full time (12–16 credits) in the fall and spring semesters and for at least two credits in both summer semesters or pay the continuing student fee for each of the two summer semesters. The required research thesis is carried out by the candidate under direct supervision of a member of the graduate faculty. The research project may involve only library research, or a combination of library and laboratory research. Completion of all requirements of the MA in Medical Sciences, including the thesis, is mandatory before a student in this program can matriculate in any doctoral program at Boston University. However, students in the MA program in Medical Sciences do not have to complete its requirements before admission to one of its dual degree options.

Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine

The Master of Arts in Mental Health and Behavioral Medicine is a rigorous program designed to meet the requirements for an independent mental health care license in Massachusetts and other states. Graduates will be able to pursue a mental health career working in a wide range of mental health settings including:

• Independent private practitioner eligible for insurance reimbursement
• Key member of the mental health treatment team in a medical setting
• Consultant to individuals such as smoking cessation, weight management, and exercise adherence.

The program is a two-year full-time experience, requiring a minimum of 60 credits:

• Required courses 42 credits
• Practicum and internship 18 credits

It will prepare counselors to practice as professionals at the masters level in a variety of health care delivery settings. The program curriculum is consistent with the professional standards recommended by the American Mental Health Counseling Association and is designed to meet the educational requirements for licensure as a Mental Health Counselor in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts as granted by the Massachusetts Board of Allied Mental Health and Human Service Professionals.

Microbiology

The Department of Microbiology offers graduate training in microbiology and microbial pathogenesis, as well as through interdepartmental programs in immunology, oncobiology, and cell and molecular biology. Graduate training emphasizes a multidisciplinary approach to the study of the biomedical sciences, in addition to concentration in a research area. Students may choose from research laboratories of faculty from both basic science and clinical departments. The research interests of the faculty include: microbial pathogenesis and host-pathogen interactions, regulation of virus assembly, mechanisms of bacterial drug resistance, regulation of gene expression in prokaryotic and eukaryotic systems, including the role of transcription factors and chromatin structure, regulation of humoral and cell mediated immunity, autoimmunity, signal transduction and gene expression in lymphocytes, eukaryotic cell growth control and DNA repair and carcinogenesis, and protein structure/function analysis.

Molecular Medicine

The Division of Medicine offers graduate training in molecular medicine. The curriculum consists of one year of basic sciences courses in the Division of Graduate Medical Sciences (or the equivalent for candidates holding a higher degree at the time of matriculation). This is followed by a second year of electives and an innovative molecular medicine core curriculum, which consists of four block courses: Genetics and Epidemiology of Disease, Cancer Biology, Immunity and Infection, and Organ Systems Diseases, as well as a course entitled Molecule to Man: The Translation of Molecular Observations to Clinical Implementation. After a qualifying examination, candidates carry out dissertation research in one of the many research laboratories of the Molecular Medicine PhD Program.

Oral Biology

The Program in Oral Biology offers predoctoral candidates courses, seminars, and interdisciplinary training in the Division of Oral Biology of the Department of Periodontology and Oral Biology, Boston University Goldman School of Dental Medicine. The program in Oral Biology awards the PhD degree only. The program recruits students with backgrounds in the life and basic sciences who are interested in additional advanced training in dental and medical sciences. The aim of this program is to educate students in modern scientific approaches to oral biology and oral disease. The program is designed for the student whose primary goal is to pursue a career in oral biology research. The oral cavity is unique regarding its microbiology, connective tissue structures, and host responses. Moreover, oral diseases present unsolved scientific challenges and novel biological phenomena.

Pathology and Laboratory Medicine

The Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine awards MA and PhD degrees. The curriculum comprises two tracks — experimental pathology and immunology — and will also include cellular and molecular biology and neurosciences. The training program has a strong emphasis on the integration of the results of basic research with knowledge of pathology and pathophysiology in humans and laboratory animals, achieved by close affiliations maintained with the Pathology Departments at Boston Medical Center (Mallory Institute of Pathology) and Boston Veterans Administration Hospital. Research interests of the faculty include the following: mechanisms of chemical carcinogenesis and mutagenesis; pathogenesis of atherosclerotic and other vascular diseases; humoral and cellular immunology and immunologically based cancer therapy; human somatic cell, molecular, and cancer genetics; nutritional effects on toxicity and carcinogenicity of chemicals; neurochemistry and cell signaling. Methods of investigation include morphologic procedures used in classical pathology as well as molecular and immunologic morphologic procedures; in vitro culture and study of bacterial and mammalian cells; immunological manipulation of animals and cells and identification of cell components or products; and identification of genetic and other biological markers.

Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics

The Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics offers graduate programs that lead to the MA, PhD, and MD/PhD degrees. The curriculum and research training emphasize neuropharmacology and molecular pharmacology. Interdisciplinary opportunities are offered through the programs in Biomolecular Pharmacology, Biomedical Neuroscience, Bioinformatics, and Cell and Molecular Biology. Training is supported by four predoctoral training grants in Biomolecular Pharmacology (NIGMS), Functional Genomics (NHGRI), Experimental and Computational Neuroscience (NINDS), and Bioinformatics (NSF). The major research interests of faculty within the department include the modulation of neurotransmitter receptors at the cellular and genomic levels, the functional and structural mapping of neuropeptide receptors, the mechanisms of synaptic transmission, the neural substrates of drug abuse, the investigation of transcriptional regulation, and development of RNA technology for the design of therapeutic agents. The interdepartmental programs provide research training opportunities in many areas on the leading edge of pharmacologic research including genomics, targeted drug delivery, vascular signal transduction, and mechansims of neurologic disorders. Research methodologies include a multiplicity of approaches including molecular biology, electrophysiology, computational techniques, and behavioral assessments. The training bridges the study of molecules and their interaction with the development of therapeutic agents. This training experience is enhanced by a formal partnership between the Department of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics and the Genetics Institute of Wyeth/Ayerst, allowing students to explore internships in the pharmaceutical environment.

Physiology

The Department of Physiology and Biophysics offers graduate training in cellular and molecular physiology. Research opportunities exist for studying the function of the human body in health and disease at all levels, ranging from the atomic resolution of protein molecules to the function of organ systems. Studies in structural biology include x-ray crystallography of calcium regulatory and membrane bound proteins and a number of enzymes; electron microscopy, cryoelectron microscopy, and 3-D image reconstruction of muscle proteins. Research in electrophysiology includes single channel recording, measurement of ion fluxes by microelectrode and by optical imaging of intracellular probes, as well as spectrophotometric measurements of individual photopigments. Techniques in molecular biology are being utilized for sequence determination and expression of cDNAs to produce proteins and characterize them by mutational analysis. Particular areas of interest in the Department to which these various techniques are being applied include: signal transduction through calcium regulation of intracellular processes, membrane transport and ion channel properties, expression of channels during neuronal development, phototransduction, motility in microtubule and actomyosin based systems, and mechanisms of enzyme action.

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