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Division of Graduate Medical Sciences Bulletin

Department of Biophysics

Course Requirements
Graduation Requirements
Courses
Faculty

Chairman Donald M. Small
Chairman, Student Affairs and Admissions Committee Mary T. Walsh

The Graduate Program

The Department of Biophysics at the School of Medicine offers an MA/PhD program in biophysics, with an emphasis on structural biology. The program seeks students with backgrounds in the life and basic sciences. Particular emphasis is placed on students with undergraduate training in the biological, chemical, and physical sciences, with the aim of training them in modern biophysical approaches and methodologies that emphasize structural biology.

The research interests of the faculty of the Department of Biophysics range from cell and structural biology to traditional physical chemical studies of small and macro-molecules. Of particular interest is the study of the three-dimensional structure of proteins, lipids, and complex carbohydrates and their function in cellular membranes, cellular organelles, serum lipoproteins, adipose tissue, nerve and brain tissue, and such pathological deposits as atherosclerotic plaques, gallstones, Alzheimer's disease, amyloid plaques and abnormal lipoproteins. The techniques of modern cell biology and biochemistry and techniques used in structural biology, particularly high resolution cryo-electron microscopy and image reconstruction; protein and lipid X-ray diffraction; multidimensional, heteronuclear, and classical NMR spectroscopy coupled with classical physical chemical techniques such as microcalorimetry, circular dichroic and fluorescence spectroscopy, ultra-centrifugation, and immunochemistry make it possible to study thermodynamic and kinetic processes as structure changes during function. Supporting these systems is a modern computer laboratory for image analysis and reconstruction and molecular modeling. Classic and cryoelectron microscopy allow the determination of the structures of macromolecular complexes down to 10 to 20 Å resolution, whereas X-ray crystallography and multidimensional NMR allow structures of the components to be determined at atomic resolution. Applying biophysical and structural biological rationale and techniques has helped the medical profession understand more fully the structure of the nuclear pore complex, receptor-ligand complexes, membrane structure, lipoprotein structure, actin-binding proteins, protein folding, and, in pathology, the structure of the lipid lesions of atherosclerosis, gallstones, and abnormal lipoproteins.

Admission

Students who have completed an undergraduate degree usually with a major in the biological, chemical, or physical sciences can enter either the MA program or the PhD program, depending on their achievements. Students with a master's degree can enter the PhD program. Students in the MD/PhD program also qualify for admission. Post-MD students are eligible for the PhD degree program only.


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Course Requirements

For the MA program, graduates with degrees in the biological or physical sciences will complete 32 credits of coursework including the required courses GMS BY 760 Foundations of Biophysics and Structural Biology and GMS BY 771 Biophysics of Macromolecular Assemblies. A written thesis summarizing laboratory research carried out under the direction of a member of the Biophysics Program faculty will complete the requirements.

For the PhD program, students will complete 64 credits of coursework, including the required courses GMS BY 760 Foundations of Biophysics and Structural Biology, GMS BY 771 Biophysics of Macromolecular Assemblies and GMS BY 871, 872 Biophysics Special Topics/Student Seminar. Students with a strong background in the biological sciences will take courses designed to improve their knowledge of the biophysical sciences. Post-master's degree students will complete 32 course credits. The PhD program will also be available to qualified MD/PhD students after completion of two preclinical years of medical school. All students will submit and defend a written thesis describing their original laboratory research carried out under the direction of a member of the Biophysics Program faculty.

Curriculum

REQUIRED COURSES

The course curriculum consists of the following required core didactic courses, plus supplementary courses selected from the following list of graduate school courses:

GMS BY 760 Foundations of Biophysics and Structural Biology (6 cr)
GMS BY 771 Biophysics of Macromolecular Assemblies (4 cr)
GMS BY 871, 872 Biophysics Special Topics/Student Seminar (2 or 4 cr)
GMS BY 945, 946 Research in Department of Biophysics

ELECTIVE COURSES

Biophysics
GMS BY 772 NMR Spectroscopy in Biology and Biochemistry
GMS BY 774 Metabolism and Cellular Functions of Complex Lipids

Medical and Dental Sciences
GMS MS 703 Neuroscience
GMS MS 753 Cell Biology

Biochemistry
GMS BI 751 Biochemistry
GMS BI 782 Molecular Biology
GMS BI 763 Structure and Function of Proteins
GMS BI 766 Techniques in Biochemistry
GMS BI 851, 852 Special Topics in Biochemistry
GMS BI 789 Physical Biochemistry
GMS BI 790 Receptors and Signal Transduction

Microbiology
GMS MI 713 Comprehensive Immunology
GMS MI 718 Virology

Physiology
GMS PH 843 Cellular Physiology I
GMS PH 844 Cellular Physiology II

Biology
CLA BI 552 Molecular Biology I
CLA BI 553 Molecular Biology II
GRS BI 645 Neurobiology
GRS BI 650 Biophysics
GRS BI 711 Biological Transport Mechanisms

Chemistry
GRS CH 551 Chemical Dynamics
GRS CH 553, 554 Molecular Structure Determination
GRS CH 651, 652 Molecular Quantum Mechanics
GRS CH 722 Protein Chemistry
GRS CH 723 Physical Chemistry of Biological Macromolecules
GRS CH 724 Special Topics in Biochemistry
GRS CH 751 Advanced Topics in Physical Chemistry

Physics
GRS PY 771 Biophysics
GRS PY 897, 898 Special Topics in Experimental Physics


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Graduation Requirements

  1. All candidates must pass a comprehensive/qualifying examination by the end of their second year in the program. The examination will consist of both written and oral parts.

  2. The student must achieve passing grades in the required courses and maintain a B average in all courses.

  3. During the first year, students meet with individual faculty members of the Biophysics Program and perform laboratory research rotations with program faculty. The student must select a PhD research topic and research advisor by the end of his or her first year in the program. Thesis research must be conducted under the guidance of the research advisor who is a member of the Biophysics Program faculty. In consultation with the advisor, the student selects a committee of four additional faculty members to act as a thesis committee.

  4. The candidate submits a written thesis describing original research and demonstrating an ability for independent creative scholarship.

  5. The candidate defends his or her thesis at a final oral examination. The student must demonstrate mastery of the chosen field of specialization and show that the research contributes significantly to the body of scientific knowledge. The oral examination is conducted by a committee composed of at least five members of the Division faculty. In some cases, at the discretion of the Dean of Graduate Medical Sciences, one of the five committee members may be appointed from outside the graduate faculty of Boston University.


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Courses

GMS BY 760 Foundations of Biophysics and Structural Biology
Prereq: consent of instructor. The course provides thorough grounding in theory and practice of the major, fundamental methods of biophysics and structural biology. The course covers thermodynamics, spectroscopy, electron microscopy, x-ray diffraction and crystallography, and nuclear magnetic resonance from the standpoint of modern molecular and structurally based research. Atkinson. 6 cr, 1st sem.

GMS BY 771 Biophysics of Macromolecular Assemblies
Prereq: GMS BI 751 and consent of instructor. Advanced course. Assembly of biomacromolecules, their structure and stabilizing forces; biological function as related to structure, with examples drawn from assemblies of proteins, lipids, lipoprotein systems, and membranes. Atkinson, Shipley, Small. 4 cr, 2nd sem.

GMS BY 772 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy in Biology and Biochemistry
Prereq: consent of instructor. An introduction to the basic theory and the fundamental measurements of NMR spectroscopy using the predominant biological nuclei, 1H, 2H, 13C, and 31P, and applications to structure and metabolism; NMR studies of pathological processes and NMR imaging. Hamilton. 2 cr, 2nd sem.

GMS BY 774 Metabolism and Cellular Functions of Complex Lipids
Prereq: consent of instructor. In-depth description of selected areas of lipid metabolism. Emphasis on functional roles of specific lipid species in cellular processes (e.g., cell activation, protein transport and function). Use of timely articles to discuss newly developed techniques and concepts. Zoeller. 2 cr, 2nd sem.

GMS BY 871, 872 Biophysics Special Topics/Student Seminar
A weekly program in which first and second year students present seminars on assigned or selected current topics in biophysics and structural biology. Emphasis is placed on class participation by all students. Walsh & Members of the Department. 2 cr, 1st & 2nd yr.

GMS BY 945, 946 Research Biophysics
Variable cr


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Faculty

Christopher W. Akey PhD, Associate Professor

David Atkinson PhD, Professor

Esther Bullitt PhD, Instructor

Catherine E. Costello PhD, Research Professor

Hwai-Chen Guo PhD, Assistant Professor

Olga Gursky PhD, Instructor

James A. Hamilton PhD, Professor

Haya Herscovitz PhD, Instructor

C. James McKnight PhD, Assistant Professor

G. Graham Shipley PhD, DSc, Professor

Donald M. Small MD, Professor

Mary T. Walsh PhD, Assistant Professor

Fengli Zhang PhD, Instructor

Raphael A. Zoeller PhD, Associate Professor

Joint Faculty

Peter Brecher PhD, Research Professor (Professor of Biochemistry)

M. Carter Cornwall PhD, Research Professor (Professor of Physiology)

Paul F. Pilch PhD, Research Professor (Professor of Biochemistry)

Elizabeth R. Simons PhD, Research Professor (Professor of Biochemistry)

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11 March 1999
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