A Comprehensive Index to Biblical Archaeologist

General Index - people, sites, and terms

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• Abel, F.M. 47:48
• Abimelech 49:119-121, 124
• Abraham 49:118-124
• Abu Salabikh (see Tell Abu Salabikh)
• Abu Salih 46:114
• Abu Simbel

• temple(s) 49:135-137

• Abusir 47:137
• Abydos 47:9

• burial(s) 48:248
• stele 50:172

• Acco 50:154

• coin(s) 50:102-103

• Achzib 50:154
• acropolis

• `Ai 50:28
• Ebla 47:7
• Jerusalem 49:198
• Lachish 49:225
• Tell Leilan 48:6-7, 12-19, 21

• Adad 46:20
• Adad-nirari

• I 47:107
• II 47:92

• Adam and Eve, Book of 47:226
• Addu 47:104, 247-249
• Ader

• EB 50:37
• temple(s) 50:38

• Adler, C. 46:107
• Aegean

• Egypt and 47:136, 138-139
• seafaring and 47:136
• Tel Miqne and 50:202-203, 205

• agriculture

• Chalcolithic Period 49:87-88, 102-104
• EB 50:29
• Iron Age 50:178-191
• MB 50:159
• Natufian Period 49:102
• Neolithic Period 49:102

• Agrippa

• I 48:110
• II 48:110, 209, 213

• Ahab 50:57, 60
• Aharoni, Y.
• 46:22, 58; 47:48-50; 48:83; 49:119, 206; 50:88, 92, 113
• Ahaz 48:176-177
• Ahaziah 47:139
• Ahimilki 50:214
• Ahlstrom, G.W. 49:172, 225
• Ahmose 48:219
• `Ai 48:208-209, 211-215; 50:25-26, 57

• acropolis 50:28
• burial(s) 49:135
• EB 50:28, 31-33, 38
• fortification(s) 50:28
• gate(s) 50:28
• Iron Age 50:93
• pottery 48:211-213
• temple(s) 50:28, 32

• Aidlin, N. 50:198
• `Ain es-Samiya 50:38
• `Ain Feshkha 49:141-142, 145
• `Ain Ghazal

• Neolithic Period 47:204
• temple(s) 49:100

• Akhenaten 47:207; 48:220; 49:43, 46, 48, 50
• `Akish 47:47
• Akkad, Akkadian(s)

• deity(s) 47:171
• inscription(s) 47:19, 138
• king(s) 47:6, 10
• seal(s) 47:170-171
• text(s) 47:89; 48:39

• Alalakh 47:247; 49:49

• palace(s) 50:164

• Alashiya

• location of 49:37-40

• Albright, W.F. 46:22-23, 27;
• 47:29, 37-40, 52, 96, 104, 186, 200; 48:83, 103-104, 166; 49:84, 105, 119, 150, 226; 50:7-8, 22-24, 34, 52, 57-58, 84, 112, 149-152, 171, 183, 198, 218
• Alciphron 47:151
• Aleppo 46:169-174; 47:104, 115, 274

• king(s) 47:93

• Alexander Janneus 49:4

• coin(s) 46:217

• Alexander the Great 47:222; 48:166-168

• Hellenism and 46:34

• Alexandria 48:167

• royal polis as 46:36

• Al-Khalesi, Y. 47:86
• Alon, D. 48:135; 49:97, 100-101, 119
• Alt, A. 48:103, 212; 50:58, 60, 84
• altar(s) 47:183-186

• Arad 47:183-184
• church 48:200
• Taanach 47:185

• al-Ubaid

• column(s) 48:10
• mosaic(s) 48:10

• Amarik 47:9
• Amarna (see Tell el-Amarna)
• Amaziah 48:176
• Amenhotep III 49:46, 48-49
• American Schools of OrientalResearch 47:197-205
• Amiran, D. 49:34
• Amiran, R. 48:246; 50:30, 35, 79, 113
• Amman

• Airport Structure 46:223-229
• burial(s) 46:224-226
• Egypt and 46:223
• LB 46:223
• pottery 46:223

• Amminadab 48:175
• Ammi-zaduga 47:92
• Ammon, Ammonite(s)

• deity(s) 48:169-172
• Israel and 48:176-177
• king(s) 48:169-173, 175
• seal(s) 48:169-174

• Amorite(s), Amorite Period 47:105; 48:143

• Ebla 47:7, 19
• Mari and 47:102-103, 107

• Amud-pi-El 47:93
• Amun-Re 48:218
• An 46:73, 75
• Anastasius 46:38, 134
• Anati, E. 49:87
• Anatolia

• Cappadocia 46:170
• Carchemish 46:86
• Catal Huyuk 46:49
• Edessa 46:10
• Gordion 46:97
• Karatepe 46:86
• Tarshish 47:141

• Andariq

• king(s) 48:28

• Angel, J. 50:182
• animal husbandry

• Chalcolithic Period 49:104
• herding 46:155-164
• Iron Age 50:188

• Ansud 47:89
• Antioch 49:29
• Antiochus

• IV 48:89, 91, 93, 96-97, 99
• VII 48:110-111

• Antipater of Sidon 47:151, 153
• Apelles the Gnostic 47:229
• Aphek 50:154

• LB 50:89, 92

• Aphlad 47:167, 169-170
• Aphrodite 47:152, 155, 158
• Apicius 48:36-37, 44
• Apocalypse of Adam 47:230
• Apocrypha 46:235

• Acts of Thomas 46:10-11
• Jubilees 48:70
• Noah and 47:225-227
• Testament of Levi 48:70
• Tobit 47:226
• Wisdom of Solomon 46:13

• Apollo 50:228
• Apophis 48:219
• Apuleius 47:151
• Arabia, Arabian

• Queen Adia 46:84

• Arabic Period

• Sepphoris 49:13

• Arad 50:25, 30

• agriculture 50:29
• altar(s) 47:183-184
• city planning 50:28
• EB 49:20-21, 23; 50:28-29, 38
• fortification(s) 50:28
• ostraca 48:246; 50:30
• plaster 49:21
• silo(s) 49:245-246
• temple(s) 50:28

• Aradj 48:208, 213-214
• Aramaic

• seal of Shamash`azar 49:53

• Archaeological Sources for the History of Palestine

• Early Bronze 50:22-43
• Middle Bronze 50:148-177

• archaeology

• faunal analysis 46:49-53
• geometric design 46:178-179
• mosaic(s) 46:182-183
• satellite mapping 48:161-162

• Archer, F.S. 46:245
• Archi, A. 47:11
• Archimedes 46:34
• architecture

• Arad 49:20-21, 23
• Beth-yerah 49:20-24
• Bir el-`Abd 49:20-21
• Bronze Age 47:82-83
• church(s) 48:199-200
• EB 49:20-24
• Egyptian 50:95
• Hellenistic 46:34-35, 39
• Iron Age 50:94-96
• Israelite Period 49:199
• LB 49:20-21
• palace 47:19-20
• symbol(s) 49:169-170
• synagogue(s) 47:172-174
• Syrian 47:20

• Archons

• Gnostic myth of 46:7

• Arculf

• bishop 48:202

• Ar-Ennum 47:10
• Arensburg, B. 48:138
• Argo, F. 46:245
• Aristides, Aelius 47:148, 151
• Aristotle, Aristotelian 46:33
• Ark of the Covenant

• Ethiopian legend of 46:113-114
• popular conceptions 46:109-112

• Aroer 49:200

• EB 50:37

• Arrapha 46:155-164
• arrowhead(s)

• Gezer 47:215
• Jerusalem 46:94
• Scythian 46:94-95
• Tell el-`Ajjul 46:94
• Tell el-Far`ah (S.) 46:94

• art (see also decorations)

• Assyrian 46:82-88
• Byzantine 47:168; 49:96-99
• Carchemish 46:86
• Christian 47:176-181
• EB 50:26
• Egyptian 48:241-242
• geometric design 49:96-99
• Iron Age 46:83-84, 86
• Jewish 47:168, 172-181
• Khorsabad 46:83-84
• Mari 46:82; 48:56
• mosaic(s) 46:39, 43, 180-186; 48:10, 200-204;
• 49:11; 50:223-231
• Nimrud 46:83-84
• Nineveh 46:83-84
• synagogue(s) 47:168, 172-176
• Warka 46:82

• Artaxerxes III 48:167-168
• Ashdod 50:205

• king(s) 50:214
• LB 50:88, 92

• Asherah 50:167, 246-249
• Ashkelon

• Iron Age 50:205
• king(s) 50:214
• minting coin(s) 50:107

• Ashur-uballit I 49:49
• Ashtar (see Ishtar)
• Ashur 48:5, 28

• Ebla and 48:8
• temple(s) 48:15

• Ashurbanipal 46:86, 92, 94; 50:214, 216
• Ashurdan III 47:92
• Ashurnasirpal 48:5

• palace 47:161-162

• Assur (deity) 46:20, 27
• Assyria, Assyrian(s)

• art 46:82-88
• bas-relief(s) 48:5
• calendar(s) 46:92
• Carchemish 46:86
• deity(s) 46:20, 27
• Gezer and 47:212-214, 216
• inscription(s) 46:19-20, 27; 50:242, 244
• Iron Age 46:82-88
• Kalah 46:19, 21
• king(s) 46:19, 27, 86, 92, 94; 47:91, 92, 107, 161-162, 212-213; 48:5; 49:49; 50:214, 216
• Nimrud 46:83-84; 47:161-162
• Nineveh 46:41, 83-84; 47:161-162
• palace(s) 46:82-88
• Qarqar, battle of 46:19
• Scythians and 46:92-93
• Tell Halif and 47:48
• temple(s) 48:16

• Assyrian Period

• Gezer 47:207, 215-217

• Astour, M.C. 47:107
• Astrom, P. 50:88
• astronomy

• calendars and 47:92
• seafaring and 47:141-142

• Atamrum 48:28
• Atargatis 47:167
• Aten 48:219-220
• Athenaeus of Naucratis 48:37
• Athens 47:147-148
• `Athlit 50:122
• Atrahasis, epic of 46:21
• Augustine 47:230
• Augustus Caesar 49:168
• Aurelius Victor 49:32
• Avaris 49:70-71, 73
• Avigad, N. 46:95; 47:139; 48:83, 174-175, 177-178;
• 49:12, 34, 52-53, 200, 204-206, 209
• Avi-Yonah, M. 46:141; 49:30
• Aziru 49:48
• Azor 46:228

• burial(s) 49:97
• EB 50:30

• Azu (see Tell Hadidi)
• BA Guide to Artifacts

• amphorae 50:75-83
• faunal remains 46:49-53
• incense burners 47:183-186
• tokens and counting 46:117-120

• BA Portrait

• Angela Georgina Burdett-Coutts 48:186-189
• Edward Robinson 46:230-232
• Elizabeth Anne Finn 48:181-185
• George Smith 46:41-42
• Giovanni Battista Belzoni 49:133-138
• Henry Creswicke Rawlinson 47:143-145
• James Alan Montgomery 46:187-189
• Max Leopold Margolis 48:108-106
• Paul Emile Botta 49:109-113
• Robert Alexander Stewart Mcalister 47:33-35
• William Matthew Flinders Petrie 47:220-223

• Ba`al 47:10-11; 48:170; 50:169
• Ba`al-Hammon 48:178
• Ba`al-Shamin 47:170
• Ba`alyish`a 48:169, 171-173
• Bab edh-Dhra 50:25, 73

• burial(s) 50:33
• EB 50:31-33, 37
• pottery 50:36

• Baba Jan 46:92
• Babylon, Babylonian(s)

• cookery 48:37
• deity(s) 49:53
• herding contracts 46:156-164
• Jerusalem and 49:199
• king(s) 46:172; 47:55, 57, 71, 92-93, 116, 247, 249;
• 48:27, 32, 56, 94; 49:235; 50:207, 215
• Mari and 47:249, 251
• Talmud 48:211
• temple(s) 48:16
• text(s) 46:21; 48:56

• Bacon, L. 47:162
• Badarian Period

• Egypt 48:241

• Bagatti, B. 48:203
• Balaam, Son of Beor 49:216-222; 50:243
• Balak 49:218
• Baldi, D. 48:203
• Balikh 47:9, 102, 107
• Bar-Adon, P. 48:137-138; 49:89, 94
• barbaroi 46:36
• Barkay, G. 49:190
• Bar-Kokhba 48:74, 111

• cave(s) 49:16
• coin(s)
• 46:121-123, 152, 217-218; 47:253; 48:110; 49:58, 60
• revolt(s) 46:210-221; 49:6, 29
• text(s) 46:217; 49:182-183, 185

• Barnett, R.D. 46:92
• Barr, J. 49:235
• Barton, W. 47:43
• Baruch, Second 49:188
• Bar-Yosef, O. 49:87, 98, 102
• Baumann, F. 48:204
• Baumgarten, Y. 49:89; 50:115-116
• Beek, G.W. van 49:22
• Be'er Resisim

• EB 50:36

• Beer-sheba 49:119-120

• altar(s) 47:183
• Chalcolithic sites 50:110-117
• culture of 48:134-139
• fortification(s) 46:58-59
• MB 46:58-59

• Beit-Arieh, I. 48:251; 50:30
• Belzoni, G.B. 49:133-138
• Bender, A.P. 46:149-150; 49:56
• Ben-Dor, I. 46:134
• Bene-barak

• burial(s) 49:97

• Beni Hasan

• tomb(s) 50:162

• Ben-shemen

• burial(s) 49:97

• Ben-Tor, A. 50:30
• Berossus the Chaldean 47:227
• Bes 50:245
• Besant, W. 48:184
• Bethel

• EB 50:31
• LB 49:69

• Bethsaida 48:207-216
• Beth-shean 49:84

• EB 50:33
• LB 50:90

• Beth-shearim 47:201; 50:231

• Gallus revolt and 49:34

• Beth-shemesh

• EB 50:31

• Beth-yerah

• architecture 49:20-24
• EB 49:20-24; 50:31-32
• silo(s) 49:245-246; 50:32

• Beth-zur

• coin(s) 48:166-167
• Betlyon, J.W. 50:103

• Bible

• dictionaries 48:222-237
• handbooks 48:149-159
• Mari texts and 47:101-108

• Biever, Z. 48:203
• Bimson, J. 50:60
• Binford, L. 50:165
• Bir Abu Matar 48:135, 138
• Bir el-`Abd

• LB architecture 49:20-21
• silo(s) 49:245-246

• Bir es-Safedi 48:135, 139; 49:88-90, 92, 99

• Chalcolithic Period 50:110, 114-115

• Birnbaum, S.A. 48:83; 49:150
• bishop(s)

• Arculf 48:202
• Epiphanios of Salamis 48:197
• Willibad of Eichstaett 48:208

• bitumen 47:135; 50:30
• Black Obelisk 46:19-20
• Bliss, F.J. 47:34, 199
• Bonifils, F. 46:246-248
• Bortin, V. 46:150
• Botta, P.E. 49:109-113
• Bounni, A. 48:49
• bowl(s)

• Ebla 47:21

• Brack, A. 50:81
• Breasted, J.H. 47:168
• Bright, J. 46:94; 47:96; 50:84
• Brock, S.P. 49:34
• bronze

• Ebla 47:24-27, 29

• Bronze Age

• architecture 47:82-83
• artifact(s) 49:157-158
• Canaanite ships 47:139-140
• Egypt 47:136
• Gezer 47:207-208, 211-212
• harbor(s) 50:126
• Hazor 47:20, 30
• Iron Age transition 50:86-90
• seafaring 47:136
• Syro-Mesopotamia 47:247
• Tell Hadidi 48:49-50
• wall(s) 47:207-208, 211-212

• Brooke, A.E. 49:176
• Brooke, G. 49:234
• Brown, R. 46:12
• Brownlee, W.H. 48:95-96; 49:233
• Bruins, H.J. 49:102
• Bruneau, P. 47:44
• Bruyere, B. 50:81
• Buccellati, M. 48:31
• bullae (see seals)
• Burckhardt, L. 49:135; 50:56
• Burdette-Coutts, A.G. 48:186-189
• burial(s) (see also tombs, ossuaries)

• Abydos 48:248
• `Ai 49:135
• Amman 46:224-226
• Azor 49:97
• Bab edh-Dhra 50:33
• Baba Jan 46:92
• Bene-barak 49:97
• Beni Hasan 50:162
• Ben-shemen 49:97
• Chalcolithic Period 49:96-99
• Chertomlyk 46:98
• coins and 46:147-153
• Deir el-Medineh 50:81
• Dominus Flevit 46:151
• EB 50:25, 30, 33, 36, 38, 70-74
• Ebla 47:7, 19, 23-31; 48:143
• Egyptian 48:218, 220, 248, 250; 49:135-137;
• 50:76, 78, 79, 81, 162-163, 171-172
• `En-Boqeq 46:152; 49:60-61
• funerary stele(s) 46:83
• Givatayim 49:97
• Greek 46:149-152
• Hadera 49:96
• Hasanlu 46:92
• Hebron 50:36
• Jebel Qa`aqir 50:70-74
• Jericho 46:147-149; 49:56-61; 50:72-73, 163
• Jewish 46:111, 147-153; 49:56-60
• Kamena 49:24
• Khirbet Qumran 46:152; 48:87; 49:142
• Kostromskaya 46:98
• LB 46:224-226
• MB 50:163
• Meiron 48:87
• Mycenaean 50:86
• Nabataean 46:152; 49:58, 207
• Neolithic Period 50:25
• Neve Noy 48:138-139
• Pazyryk 46:95, 98
• Scythian 46:91-92, 95, 98
• Sepphoris 49:12
• Tel Miqne 50:201
• Tell ed-Dab`a 50:163
• Tell el-`Ajjul 50:163
• Tell el-`Umeiri 48:175
• Tell Hadidi 48:50-52

• Burnouf, E. 47:144
• Burrows, M. 50: 7
• Byblos 48:251; 49:37-38

• coin(s) 50:102
• EB 50:31
• Egypt and 47:136; 49:37-38; 50:171
• prophets 47:106
• seafaring and 47:136
• temple(s) 50:31

• Byzantine(s), Byzantine Period

• art 46:175-186; 47:168; 49:96-99
• Capernaum 46:199, 201
• church(s) 48:199
• coin(s) 49:9
• Herodium 49:182-186
• monastery(s) 49:185-186
• mosaic(s) 46:39, 43; 49:11
• queen(s) 49:182-183
• Sepphoris 49:12-13
• Shephelah caves 46:217

• Caesarea 46:132

• Maritima 46:133-143
• Sebastos 46:133-143

• Cairo

• text(s) 49:229

• calendar(s)

• Assyrian 46:92
• astronomy and 47:92
• Dead Sea Scrolls 49:149
• Ebla 47:10-14
• Jewish 49:149
• Mari 47:249-250
• Mesopotamia, chronology 47:92

• Callaway, J. 50:60, 93
• Callistus, Nicephorus 49:182-183, 186
• Canaan, Canaanite(s)

• Egypt and 47:138
• etymology 47:90
• Hazor and 47:184
• Mari and 47:90
• shipbuilding/seafaring 47:139-140

• Capernaum 46:198-204; 48:203-204
• Cappadocia 46:170
• Caracalla 49:10
• Carchemish

• Iron Age art 46:86

• Cairo Geniza 48:76
• Carmignac, J. 49:231
• Cassin, E. 46:162
• Catal Huyuk

• Neolithic Period 46:49

• cave(s);

• Bar-Kokhba 49:16
• Cave of Letters 49:207-208
• Cave of Treasure 49:103
• Hazzan 46:214
• Hebron 46:217
• Khirbet Eiton 46:216
• Khirbet Qumran 48:68-70, 72, 74; 49:142-143, 148
• Nahal Hever 48:74
• Sepphoris 49:15-17
• Shephelah 46:210-221
• Wadi Daliyeh at 49:206-208

• Cazelles, H. 47:104
• Cerny, J. 50:81
• Chagar Bazar 48:28-29
• Chalcolithic Period 49:82-108

• agriculture 49:87-88, 102-104
• animal husbandry 49:104
• artifact(s) 49:156-157
• basalt industry 49:95-96
• Beer-sheba sites 50:110-117
• Bir es-Safedi 50:110, 114-115
• burial(s) 49:96-99
• copper 48:137-138
• dwelling(s) 48:137-139; 50:110-116
• EB transition 49:86; 50:24
• Egyptian-Palestinian relations 50:30
• flint production 49:90, 92
• Gilat 49:96
• Horvat Beter 50:113-114, 116
• ivory 49:92, 94
• Jawa 49:102
• Neve Noy 48:134-139
• pottery manufacture 49:94
• Shiqmim 48:138
• silo(s) 48:137
• social structure 49:86, 87
• Tel Malhata 49:96
• Tel Miqne 50:218
• Tell Abu Matar 50:110-112, 114-116
• temple(s) 49:100
• Timna 49:90
• Teleilat el-Ghassul 50:114

• Charles, R.H. 46:236
• Charlesworth, J.H. 46:54-56
• Charon 46:149-152
• Charpin 47:91
• Chemosh 47:11; 50:244
• Chertomlyk

• burial(s) 46:98

• Childe, G. 49:102
• Chorazin

• Gallus revolt and 49:34

• Christian(s), Christianity 46:242

• art 47:176-181
• chapel(s) 47:166, 168, 172
• crusader(s) 48:203
• eschatology and 46:12
• Euthymios, Saint 48:202
• Hellenism and 46:36-37, 44
• Jerome, Saint 48:91
• Jew(s) and 46:12-14; 49:26-36
• John the Baptist 48:198
• Sabas, Saint 48:202
• Sepphoris and 49:10, 18
• Septuagint and 49:178-180
• Simeon the Elder 48:146

• Christology 46:14
• Chrysostom, John 47:230; 49:30
• church(s)

• architecture 48:199-200
• Byzantine Period 48:199
• Capernaum 46:199, 203-204
• chapel(s) 47:166, 168, 172
• mosaic(s) 48:200-204
• Roman Period at Pella 46:177, 179
• Sepphoris 49:11
• Tabgha 48:196-206

• Cicero 47:151
• Cimmerian(s) 46:96-97
• cistern(s)

• Sepphoris 49:15-17
• Shephelah caves 46:214

• Clay, A.T. 47:164
• Cleave, R.L.W. 48:161
• Clermont-Ganneau, C. 50:244
• Climacus, John

• Ladder of Paradise 46:54-56

• Code of Hammurapi 46:156-157, 173
• Cohen, R. 48:134
• coin(s) 48:162-168

• Acco 50:102-103
• Alexander Janneus 46:217
• Askelon 50:107
• Bar-Kokhba 46:121-123, 152, 217-218;
• 47:253; 48:110; 49:58, 60
• Beth-zur 48:166-167
• burial customs and 46:147-153
• Byblos 50:102
• Byzantine 49:9
• Constantine I 49:9
• Consul Felix 46:217
• el-Lejjun 48:163
• Hadrian 46:152
• Hasmonean 46:148, 151; 48:85, 110; 50:105-107, 217
• Hazor 50:102
• Herodian 46:148, 151, 217; 48:110; 49:8
• Hezekiah 48:167
• Jewish 48:108-121
• Johanan 48:167
• Khirbet Qumran 49:142
• Persian 48:167
• Phoenician 48:164; 50:101-04
• Pontius Pilate 46:152
• Ptolemy II 49:8
• Roman 48:165; 49:8-9, 168
• Sepphoris 49:5-9; 50:231
• Severus Alexander 48:165
• Tell Abu Hawam 50:102
• Tiberius 46:152
• Trajan 46:152
• Valerius Gratus 46:218
• Wadi Daliyeh 50:102
• Yehud 48:110

• column(s) 48:7-12, 17

• al-Ubaid 48:10

• Conder, C.R. 50:56
• Constantine I 48:198

• coin(s) 49:9
• Jew(s) and 49:27-28, 31

• Constantius II 49:7, 27, 29, 31
• Coogan, M. 46:107
• cookery

• Babylonian 48:37
• Egyptian 48:37
• Hittite 48:37
• Mesopotamian 48:36-47

• Coote, R. 50:191
• copper

• Chalcolithic Period 48:137-138
• Kefar Monash 48:246-248

• Coptic

• Gospel of Thomas and 46:6-8, 10, 15-16
• Nag Hammadi texts 47:229-230

• Corbo, V. 46:199-200; 49:186
• Corinth, Corinthian(s)

• city plan 47:150
• gate(s) 47:150
• Paul, Saint in 47:147-159
• temple(s) 47:155-156, 158
• wall(s) 47:149-150

• Craghan, J.F. 47:49
• Crete

• Neolithic Period 47:136

• Cross, F.M. 46:105-107; 48:83, 168, 172;
• 49:53, 150, 206, 236; 50:8, 10-12, 52, 103
• crusader(s), Crusader Period 48:203

• Caesarea 46:137-138
• Tel Dor 50:121

• cultic object(s)

• altar(s) 47:183-186; 48:200; 49:189-191
• incense burner(s) 47:183-186

• Cuneiform 47:143-145

• Ebla tablets 47:8, 12-13, 22
• Tell Leilan texts 48:13
• text(s) 48:39, 56

• Currid, J. 49:245-246
• Cyprus 49:50

• Alashiya as 49:37-40
• Enkomi 50:123, 126
• Hala Sultan Tekki 49:14
• Kition 50:123
• Neolithic Period 47:136

• Cyril of Scythopolis 49:182, 186
• Cyrus 49:218
• Dagan 47:10, 104, 116; 48:11
• Daguerre, L.J.M. 46:245
• Dalman, G. 48:214
• Damu 46:75-76
• Danby, H. 48:103
• Daniel, Book of 48:89-102
• Darius

• I 47:143-144
• III 49:206

• David 47:104; 49:168; 50:99, 121, 126, 205
• Davies, P. 49:231
• Davies, S. 46:11
• Dayagi-Mendels, M. 49:205
• Dead Sea Scrolls (see also Khirbet Qumran)
• 46:110-111, 236-238, 242; 48:68-84, 86, 89-102; 49:140-154, 228-243; 50:45-54

• calendar and 49:129
• epigraphy and 48:83-88; 49:51-53, 150; 50:49-51
• Essenes and 48:68-70, 73-78, 81
• Genesis Apocryphon 48:69
• Leviticus Scroll 50:45-54
• Masoretic texts compared 49:146-148, 150

• decoration(s) (see also art)

• column(s) 48:7-12, 17
• Egyptian 48:241-242
• Mari 48:56
• painting(s) 47:73-87; 48:11
• palm trees 48:10-13
• Tell Hadidi 48:56
• wood 47:79

• Deir `Alla (see Tell Deir `Alla)
• Deir el-Bahri 47:137
• Deir el-Bersha

• burial(s) 50:172

• Deir el-Medineh

• burial(s) 50:81

• deity(s)

• Abydos 47:9
• Adad 46:20
• Addu 47:104, 247-249
• Amarik 47:9
• Amun 49:71
• Amun-Re 48:218
• An 46:73, 75
• Aphlad 47:167, 169-170
• Aphrodite 47:152
• Apollo 50:228
• Asherah 50:167, 246-249
• Assur 46:20, 27
• Atargatis 47:167
• Aten 48:219-220
• Ba`al 47:10-11; 48:170; 50:169
• Ba`al Shamin 47:167, 170
• Ba`al-Hammon 48:178
• Ba`al-zebul 50:198
• Balikh 47:9
• Bes 50:245
• Charon 46:149-150, 152
• Chemosh 47:11; 50:244
• Dagan 47:10, 104, 116
• Dionysos 50:228-230
• Dumuzi 46:70-71, 75-76
• Ebla pantheon 47:10-11
• `El 47:11; 50:169, 247
• Enki 47:171
• Enlil 46:71-75
• Haddad 47:9, 23, 104, 167, 169-170
• Hathor 48:241, 246
• Heliopolis 47:9
• Herakles 50:228-229
• Horus 48:242, 246-247, 251
• household / family gods 46:161-164
• Ikrub-El 47:116
• Inanna 46:72-73, 82; 47:80
• Indra 49:49
• Ishtar 46:82; 47:11, 71, 76, 79-80, 86;
• 49:190; 50:247, 249
• Kamis 47:9
• Memphis 47:9
• Milkom 48:169-172
• Mithra 47:176
• Mitra 49:49
• Molek 47:11; 49:190
• Nabu 47:170
• Pan 50:231
• Prometheus 50:231
• Rashap 47:10-11, 30
• Seth 48:251; 49:71
• Shamash 47:94; 48:11; 49:53
• Sin 49:53
• Sumerian 46:69-80; 47:10-11
• Toth 46:23
• UTU, Sun-god 47:10-11
• Varuna 49:49
• Yahweh 47:11; 49:172
• Zeus 48:167
• Zeus Theos 47:170

• Delos

• Samaritan temple 47:44-46
• stele 47:44-45
• synagogue 47:44

• Den 48:248
• Desborough, V.R. d'A. 50:88
• Detweiler, A.H. 50:10
• Dever, W.G. 47:35, 204; 49:119; 50:35, 58, 71, 89, 245
• Dhorme, E. 48:103
• Diaconus, P. 48:197
• Die of Iahali 46:20, 27
• Dilella, A. 48:99
• Dilmun

• trade 47:138-139

• Dio Chrysostomus 47:151
• Diocaesarea (see Sepphoris)
• Diocletian 49:31
• Diogenes 47:151
• Dionysos 50:228-230
• Discourse of Barsabbas 48:199
• Djer 48:248
• Dobel, A. 49:49
• Dolphin, L. 49:14
• Dominus Flevit

• tomb(s) 46:151

• Dossin, G. 47:68, 90, 93-94; 48:28
• Dothan, M. 48:135; 49:22; 50:113
• Dothan, T. 47:202
• dualism

• body/spirit 46:13

• Ducos, P. 49:104
• Dumuzi 46:70-71, 75-76
• Dupont-Sommer, A. 48:69, 73-74, 79; 49:233
• Dura-Europos 48:5

• Christianity in 47:166, 168, 172
• Greeks and 47:166-167
• Mesopotamia and 47:166
• Parthians and 47:166-167
• rampart 47:168-170
• Roman(s) and 47:166-167, 172
• Seleucids and 47:166
• synagogue 47:166, 168, 172-176
• temple(s) 47:166, 168, 172

• Durand, J. 46:172; 47:91, 105
• Durkheim, E. 49:89
• Eannatum 48:30
• EB (see also Bronze Age) 50:22-43

• Ader 50:37
• agriculture 50:27
• `Ai 50:28, 31-33, 38
• animal husbandry 50:36
• Arad 49:20-21, 23; 50:28, 38
• architecture 49:20-21, 23-24; 50:25-26
• Aroer 50:37
• art 50:26
• Azor 50:30
• Bab edh-Dhra 50:31-33, 37
• Be'er Resisim 50:36
• Bethel 50:31
• Beth-shean 50:33
• Beth-shemesh 50:31
• Beth-yerah 49:20-24; 50:31-32
• broadroom house 50:25-26
• burial(s) 50:25, 30, 33, 36, 38, 70-74
• Byblos 50:31
• Chalcolithic Period transition 49:86; 50:24
• Ebla 50:31
• Ebla, palace 47:19
• Egypt 50:32-35
• fortification(s) 50:25-26, 30, 33, 37
• Hama 50:31
• Hebron 50:36
• Iktanu 50:37
• Jawa 50:26
• Jericho 50:28, 31, 33-34, 36
• Kefar Monash 48:246-248; 50:33
• Khirbet Iskander 50:37
• Lahav 50:33
• Megiddo 50:31-32, 38
• metallurgy 50:38-39
• Mughayyir 50:33
• Nebi Salah 50:30
• Numeria 50:31, 33
• ostraca 50:30
• pottery 50:35-36, 38-39
• seal(s) 50:30
• Sheihk Muhesein 50:30
• social structure 50:25, 27-30
• Sumerian trade 47:135
• Taanach 50:33
• Tell Abu en-Niaj (N.) 50:37
• Tell Beit Mirsim 50:31
• Tell el-Far`ah (N.) 50:30, 38
• Tell el-Hesi 50:33
• Tell el-Husn 50:33
• Tell el-`Umeiri 50:37
• Tell Gath 50:26
• Tell Umm Hammad 50:37
• Tell Yarmuth 50:33
• temple(s) 50:26, 28-29, 31-32, 38
• trade relations 50:27
• Ugarit 50:31
• urbanism 50:22-43

• Ebla 47:96, 104, 138-139; 48:30

• acropolis 47:7
• administration of 47:10-11
• Amorite Period 47:7, 19
• artifact(s) 48:141
• Ashur and 48:8
• bronze 47:24-27, 29
• burial(s) 47:7, 19, 23-31; 48:143
• calendar 47:10-14
• cult of 47:10-11, 19
• deity(s) 47:10-11
• EB 50:31
• Enna-Dagan 47:9
• fortification(s) 47:7; 50:157
• gate(s) 47:7; 50:157
• geopolitics and 47:6
• gold 47:24-29
• gypsum 47:24
• inscription(s) 47:19
• ivory 47:24, 28
• jewelry 47:24-29
• king(s) 47:6, 10; 48:19
• language 47:8, 12-13, 22
• MB 47:7, 19-21; 50:157-158
• Naram-Sin and 48:19
• palace(s) 47:7, 19-21; 50:164
• pottery 47:21, 24
• school systems 47:10
• seal(s) 47:22-23
• temple(s) 47:7; 50:166
• text(s) 47:6-16, 91, 138; 48:51-52, 143
• vase(s) 47:24
• wall 47:7
• weapons 47:26

• Ebrium 47:10
• Edessa 46:10
• Edict of Milan 49:28
• Edzard, D.O. 47:9
• Egeria 48:197-198, 200, 203
• Egypt, Egyptian(s)

• Abu Simbel 49:135-137
• Abusir 47:137
• Abydos 47:9; 48:248; 50:172
• Aegeans and 47:136, 138-139
• Alexandria 46:36; 48:167
• Amman and 46:223
• architecture 48:241-242; 50:95
• art 48:241-242
• artifact(s) 49:159
• Badarian Period 48:241
• burial(s) 48:218, 220, 248, 250; 49:135-137;
• 50:76, 78-79, 81, 162-163, 171-172
• Byblos and 47:136; 49:37-38; 50:171
• Canaanites and 47:138
• Chalcolithic Period 50:30
• cookery 48:37
• Deir el-Bahri 47:137
• Deir el-Bersha 50:172
• deity(s) 46:23;
• 47:137; 48:218, 241-242, 246-247, 251; 49:71
• EB 50:32-35
• El Kab 49:24
• Elephantine 49:207-208
• `En-Besor and 50:30
• Giza pyramid(s) 47:221; 49:136-137
• Heliopolis 47:9
• Hittites and 49:42-50
• Hyksos 48:219; 49:69-71; 50:172-174
• inscription(s) 48:219; 50:124-125, 174-175
• Israelites and 49:69-79
• Kahun 49:24
• king(s) 46:93, 169; 47:9, 136, 141, 207, 212, 215-216; 48:218-220, 241-251; 49:43, 46-50, 70-75, 172; 50:30, 79, 81, 90-91, 174-175, 199, 204
• language 46:7
• LB 49:42-50, 69-79
• Memphis 47:9; 48:243-244; 49:70-71
• midwifery 49:77-78
• mosaic(s) 48:200-202
• mud brick construction 49:75-76
• museum(s) 48:217-221
• Naqada II Period 48:241
• Pi-Rameses 49:72-73
• pottery 47:135; 50:75-83
• Proto-dynastic Period 48:241
• queen(s) 47:137; 49:70; 50:79
• scarab(s) 46:223
• scribe(s) 48:86
• Scythians and 46:93-94
• seal(s) 48:248-249; 50:30, 77
• shipbuilding/seafaring 47:134, 136
• silo(s) 49:23-24
• symbol(s) 48:174, 241
• Syria-Palestine and 48:240-253
• Tanis 47:222
• Tell el-Amarna
• 47:105, 138-139, 207; 48:219; 49:24; 50:91
• Tell Gath and 50:30
• temple(s) 48:218-221; 49:135-137; 50:31
• text(s) 47:229-230; 48:167, 219, 247;
• 49:37-39, 74-76, 150, 217, 229; 50:31, 163, 172, 174
• Thebes 47:140, 222; 48:218; 49:71; 50:81
• Transjordan and 46:228
• Wen-Amon 47:106

• Ekron (see Tel Miqne)
• `El 47:11; 50:169
• El Kab 49:24
• Elam, Elamites

• king(s) 46:86
• Ur capture of 46:70-72

• el-`Arrub 46:217
• Eldar, I. 49:89; 50:115-116
• Elephantine 49:207-208
• el-Hakim, M. 48:217
• Eliot, C.W. 50:12
• el-Jib

• pottery 50:72

• el-Lejjun

• coin(s) 48:163

• Ellermeier, F. 47:94, 104
• Elliger, K. 49:233
• Ellis, E. 49:180
• Emar 46:169-174; 47:93; 48:51, 57
• Emery, W.B. 47:241
• emperor(s) (see kings)
• `En-Besor 48:248

• bullae 50:30
• Egyptian(s) and 50:30
• pottery 48:248-249
• seal(s) 48:248-249

• `En-Boqeq 49:58

• burial(s) 46:152; 49:60-61

• `Enel Ghuweir 49:142, 145
• En-gedi 47:56-57; 49:200

• temple(s) 48:138; 49:100

• Engle, A. 47:253-254
• Enigmatic Bible Passages
• 46:30-31, 115-116, 145-146, 167-168, 207-209,
• 251-254; 47:55-58; 49:114-117, 187-191
• Enki 47:171
• Enkomi 50:126

• wall(s) 50:123

• Enlil 46:71-75
• Enna-Dagan

• Ebla and 47:9

• Enoch, Book of 46:237; 47:226; 49:188
• Ephriam 47:107
• epigraphy 48:169-172; 49:51-55

• Dead Sea Scrolls 48:83-88; 49:150; 50:49-51

• Epiphanios Bishop of Salamis 48:197
• Epiphanius 48:101
• Epstein, C. 49:102
• Erwin, J. 47:38
• Esarhaddon 46:92; 50:214, 216
• eschatology 46:12
• es-Safi 50:25
• es-Saki Lagoon 48:213-214
• Essene(s) 46:239; 48:99, 101; 49:142; 50:45, 49

• Dead Sea Scrolls and 48:68-70, 73-78, 81
• scribal practices 50:47-48

• Esther, Book of 46:21-26
• Ethiopia, Ethiopian(s)

• legend of Ark of Covenant 46:113-114

• et-Tell (see `Ai)
• Eudocia 49:182-183
• Euphrates

• seafaring and 47:134, 136

• Eusebius 46:10; 49:31, 32
• Euthymios, Saint 48:202
• Ezion-geber

• port 46:249; 47:139-141

• Falkner, M. 48:29
• Fara 47:8
• Farwadigan 46:22
• fauna

• Near Eastern 46:49-53
• Tell Hesban 46:49

• Favorinus 47:151
• Feifeh 50:26
• Felix (consul)

• coin(s) 46:217

• Feralia 46:22
• festival(s)

• Farwadigan, Persian 46:22
• Feralia, Roman 46:22
• Hannukah, Jewish 46:23
• Pithoiga, Greek 46:22
• Purim, Jewish 46:21-22
• purulli, Hittite 46:22

• fiction

• thoughts of Zimri-Lim 47:110-115

• Filas, F.L. 46:151; 49:60
• Finkelstein, J.J. 47:38
• Finn, J. 48:188
• Fischer, P. 49:14
• Fisher, C. 46:108, 248-249
• Fitzmyer, J. 49:149, 235, 237, 239
• Flusser, D. 49:234
• Forrer, E. 48:5, 29
• fortification(s)

• `Ai 50:28
• Arad 50:28
• Beer-sheba 46:58-59
• Bronze Age 47:207-208, 211-212
• Corinth 47:150
• Dura-Europos 47:168, 170
• EB 50:25-26, 30, 33, 37
• Ebla 47:7, 20; 50:157
• Enkomi 50:123
• Gezer 46:59; 47:206-218; 49:169; 50:60, 156-157, 168
• Hazor 50:60
• Iron Age 49:169; 50:94, 201, 204, 206-208
• Jericho 46:57-61; 50:28
• Jerusalem 49:197-198
• Khirbet al-Hajjar 50:101
• Khirbet Iskander 50:37
• Kition 50:123
• Lachish 49:225
• MB 46:57-61; 49:197-198; 50:153-157, 164, 168, 174
• Megiddo 49:169; 50:60
• Shechem 50:156, 164
• Taanach 46:59
• Tel Dan 46:59-60; 49:169; 50:157
• Tel Dor 50:123
• Tel Miqne 50:201, 204, 206-208
• Tell el-Far`ah (N.) 50:29
• Tell Hadidi 48:54-56
• Tell Leilan 48:6, 21-22, 24, 26
• Tell Yarmuth 50:33

• Franken, H.J. 49:216; 50:244
• Frankfort, H. 49:49
• Frazer, J.G. 46:150; 49:56
• Freedman, D.N. 47:38; 50:46, 243
• Fried, M. 49:86, 100
• Fritsch, C.T. 46:134
• Fritz, V. 46:224
• Frova, A. 46:141
• funerary stele(s) 46:83
• Furumark, A. 50:88
• Gabinius 49:4
• Gadd, C.J. 48:28-29
• Galerius 46:43-44
• Gall, A. von 47:42
• Galling, K. 50:234
• Gallus Caesar 49:7, 12
• Gallus revolt 49:32-34

• Beth-shearim and 49:34
• Chorazin and 49:34
• Meiron and 49:34
• Nabratein and 49:34
• Sepphoris and 49:33-34

• Gamalah 48:209, 212
• Garstang, J. 48:103; 49:100; 50:57, 118, 121, 123
• gate(s) (see also fortifications)

• `Ai 50:28
• Corinth 47:150
• Ebla 47:7; 50:157
• Gezer 47:206-208, 210-213, 215-216; 49:169; 50:168
• Iron Age 49:169
• Lachish 49:225
• Megiddo 49:169
• Shechem 50:164
• Solomonic 49:169
• Tel Dan 49:169; 50:157
• Tell el-Far`ah (N.) 50:29
• Tell Leilan 48:6

• Gauer, B. 48:204
• Gavin, C. 46:106-108, 247
• Gaza

• king(s) 50:214

• Gehenna 49:187-191
• Gelb, I.J. 47:13, 91, 93, 102
• Gemara 47:232
• Genesis Apocryphon 48:69
• Genesis Rabbah 47:232
• geopolitics

• Ebla and 47:6
• Transjordan 46:228-229

• Gerar 49:119-123

• king(s) 49:119-121, 124

• Gerzean(s)

• Jebel el-Arak 47:135
• pottery 47:135

• Geus, C. de 50:84
• Gezer 50:174-175, 206, 208, 216

• arrowhead(s) 47:215
• Assyrians and 47:212-214, 216
• fortification(s) 46:59; 47:206-218; 50:60, 156-157, 168
• gate(s) 47:206-208, 210-213, 215-216; 49:169; 50:168
• incense burner(s) 47:185
• industry 47:216
• inscription(s) 50:171, 187
• Iron Age 47:207-208, 214, 217; 50:99
• LB 50:89-92
• Maccabean period 47:212
• MB 46:59; 50:156-157
• palace(s) 47:213
• plaster 47:216
• temple(s) 50:167

• Ghassul (see Teleilat el-Ghassul)
• Ghassulian culture 49:84
• Ghazzali

• Hellenism and 46:36

• Ghirshman, R. 46:92
• Gibson, J.C.L. 47:104
• Gilat

• Chalcolithic Period 49:96
• temple(s) 49:100

• Gilead, I. 48:138; 49:86, 90
• Gitin, S. 47:202
• Givatayim

• burial(s) 49:97

• Giza

• pyramid(s) 47:221; 49:136-137

• glacis (see also rampart)

• Beer-sheba 46:58-59
• Gezer 46:59; 47:209
• Jericho 46:59-60
• Taanach 46:59

• Glueck, N. 46:107, 228, 249-250;
• 47:38, 186, 201, 203; 50:7
• Gnostic, Gnosticism 46:7-8, 13-14

• Apelles 47:229
• Archons 46:7
• Gospel of Thomas and 46:6-9
• Marcion 47:229
• Nag Hammadi texts 47:229-230
• Ophites 47:229
• Sethians 47:229
• Titian 47:229
• Valentinus 47:229

• god(s) (see deity)
• goddess(s) (see also deity)

• Iron Age art and 46:82-88

• Godfrey, H. 48:168
• Goergen, A. 48:204
• Goetze, A. 47:29; 48:28
• Goldberg, P. 49:102
• Goldstein, L. 49:96
• Goodfriend, G. 49:102
• Gophna, R. 48:248-250
• Gordion 46:97
• Gordis, R. 48:104
• Gordon, C. 46:155; 48:104
• Gordon, G. 48:250
• Goren, A. 49:98
• Gospel(s)

• John 46:9-10
• Luke 46:6, 9-10, 15-16, 30-31
• Luke, special material 46:9
• Mark 46:6, 9-10, 30
• Matthew 46:6, 9-10, 15-16, 31
• Matthew, special material 46:9, 16
• Thomas 46:6-17

• Gottheil, R. 47:198
• Gottwald, N. 50:60, 84
• Grabe, J. 49:176
• Graetz, H. 49:34
• Graevius, J.C. 48:117
• Greece, Greek(s)

• Antipater of Sidon 47:151, 153
• Aristides, Aelius 47:148, 151
• Athens 47:147-148
• burial customs 46:149-152
• deity(s) 46:149-150, 152; 48:167
• Delos 47:44-45
• Diogenes 47:151
• Dura-Europos and 47:166-167
• inscription(s) 46:168; 47:44-45, 155; 48:199, 201
• king(s) 47:167, 222; 48:166-168
• Pausanias 47:150-151
• Philo of Alexandria 46:12, 36; 47:151, 226-227;
• 48:68, 78, 101; 49:180
• Philostratus, Flavius 47:151
• Pithoiga, festival of 46:22
• Samaritan temple in 47:44-46
• Strabo 47:141, 148-151
• Theophrastus 47:152

• Greenberg, S. 48:104
• Grelot, P. 49:236
• Greundel, B. 49:32
• Grotefend, G.F. 47:144
• Grove, G. 48:184
• Guiragossian, A. 46:247
• Gungunum 48:11
• Gush Halav 49:34
• gypsum

• Ebla 47:24

• Hoffner, J.C. 48:204
• Hachlili, R. 49:56-60
• Hackett, J.A. 49:216
• Haddad 47:9, 23, 104, 167, 169-170
• Hadera 49:84

• burial(s) 49:96

• Hadrian 48:211

• coin(s) 46:152

• Haggadah

• Noah in 47:231

• Haggett, P. 49:100
• Hagios Georgios

• rotunda 46:43

• Hala Sultan Tekke 49:14
• Halaf Period

• Tell Leilan 48:21

• Halakhah

• Noah in 47:231

• Hall, R. 47:242
• Hallo, W.W. 47:165; 50:142
• Hama

• EB 50:31

• Hamath 46:228

• king(s) 47:106

• Hammurapi
• 46:172; 47:71, 92-93, 116, 247, 249; 48:27, 32, 56

• Code of 46:156-157, 173
• cult of 47:30

• Hand, S. 47:243
• Hanfmann, G. 46:97
• Hannastad, N. 49:168
• Hannukah 46:23
• Hanson, R. 49:34; 50:46, 50
• Har Adir 50:189
• Har Yeruham 50:38
• Haralick, R.M. 49:58
• harbors (see ports)
• Harding, G.L. 46:223; 48:79, 174
• Harker, D. 48:138
• Harran 46:158-164; 47:102, 104, 107
• Harris, M. 49:104
• Hasanlu 46:92; 50:233-234, 236

• burial(s) 46:92

• Hasmonean(s)

• Alexander Janneus 49:4
• coin(s) 46:148, 151; 48:85, 110; 50:105-107, 217
• dynasty of 48:113
• John Hyrcanus 49:141
• Simon 48:111

• Hathor 48:246
• Hatshepsut 47:137; 49:70
• Hattushilish III 49:47-48
• Haynes, J.H. 46:248-249
• Hazazar 47:93
• Hazor 47:93, 104-105, 207; 48:178; 49:169; 50:57, 60-61

• Bronze Age 47:20, 30
• coin(s) 50:102
• fortification(s) 50:60
• incense burner(s) 47:184
• Iron Age 50:92, 99
• king(s) 50:121
• LB 49:69; 50:87-88, 91
• Mari letters and 46:169-174
• temple(s) 47:20, 30
• text(s) 50:171

• Hazzan

• caves 46:214

• Hebrew

• Ketef Hinnom Amulets 49:190
• Kuntillet `Ajrud inscription 49:190
• seal of Neriyahu 49:51
• seal of `Oniyahu 47:139
• seal of Peqah 49:54-55
• seal of Tan'el 49:51

• Hebron

• burial(s) 50:36
• caves 46:217

• Heintz, J. 47:104
• Heliopolis 47:9
• Hellenism, Hellenistic 46:33-39

• Alexander The Great and 46:34
• architecture 46:34-35, 39
• Christianity and 46:36-37, 44
• city planning and 47:167
• Islam and 46:36
• Jerusalem and 46:37
• Jew(s) and 46:36

• Hellenistic Period

• artistic development 46:175-186
• Dead Sea Scrolls in 49:144
• Gezer 47:207
• Sepphoris 49:12
• Tell Jemmeh 49:20-22

• Heltzer, M. 47:107
• Hennessy, J.B. 46:223; 49:86-87
• Henry, D.O. 47:203
• Hepher 47:107
• Heptapegon 48:202-204
• Herakles 50:228-229
• herding practices 46:155-164
• herem

• Jericho and 46:115-116

• Herod(s)

• Antipas 48:110; 49:5, 15
• Archelaus 48:110
• Philip 48:110, 213
• The Great 46:132, 133; 48:110, 115; 49:4, 182-183

• Herodium

• leprosarium as 49:182-186

• Herodotus 46:92-93, 95, 98; 47:141
• Herr, L. 48:173
• Herzog, Z. 49:119, 124; 50:94, 115
• Hestrin, R. 48:246-247; 49:205
• Hetepibre` 47:27
• Hezekiah 48:167, 175; 49:172; 50:214, 242, 244
• Hincks, E. 47:144-145
• Hiram of Tyre 47:139-141
• historian(s)

• Alciphron 47:152
• Antipater of Sidon 47:151-152
• Apuleius 47:152
• Aristides, Aelius 47:148, 151
• Callistus, Nicephorus 49:182, 186
• Chrysostom, Dio 47:151
• Cicero 47:152
• Cyril of Scythopolis 49:182, 186
• Favorinus 47:151
• Horace 47:152
• Pausanias 47:150-151
• Philo of Alexandria
• 46:12, 36; 47:151, 226-227; 48:68, 78, 101; 49:180
• Philostratus, Flavius 47:151
• Plutarch 47:151, 158
• Seneca 47:152
• Strabo 47:141, 148-151
• Theophrastus 47:152

• Hittite, Hittite(s) (see also Neo-Hittite)
• 47:106; 48:57;50:124-125

• cookery 48:37
• Egyptians and 49:42-50
• festival of purulli 46:22
• king(s) 49:46-49
• LB 49:42-50
• Transjordan in 46:228

• Hoeffner, J.C. 48:204
• Hoftijzer, J. 49:216
• Hohlfelder, R.L. 46:136
• Holladay, J.S. 47:94; 49:23
• Holmes, L.Y. 49:38
• Holmes, R. 49:176
• Holm-Nielson, S. 49:231
• Holocene Period 49:102
• Homer 47:153
• Hope, C. 50:81
• Horace 47:151
• Horemheb 49:48, 71
• Horgan, M. 49:233
• Hornung, E. 50:87
• Horton, F.L. 49:234
• Horus 48:242, 246-247, 251
• Horvat Beter 48:135; 49:88-89, 99

• Chalcolithtic Period 50:113-114, 116

• Household gods 46:161-164
• Hrouda, B. 48:29
• Huffmon, H.B. 47:94, 102
• Hulse, E.V. 46:116
• Huot, J.-L. 48:11
• Hurrian(s) 48:18, 30-31

• deity(s) 47:11
• Nuzi 46:155-164

• Hyksos

• Egypt and 48:219; 49:69-71; 50:172-174
• king(s) 48:219; 49:70

• Hyrcanus, John 49:141
• Ibbi-Sin 46:70
• Ibbi-Sipish 47:10
• iconography (see symbols)
• Idi-Lim 47:80
• Igris-Halam 47:10
• Ikausu 50:214, 216
• Ikrub-El 47:116
• Iktanu

• EB 50:37

• Ilansura

• Khaya-sumu 47:248

• Inanna 46:82; 47:80
• incantation(s)

• Ebla texts and 47:9

• incense burner(s) 47:183-186
• Indilimgur 47:22-23
• industry

• Chalcolithic Period 49:92, 94-96
• Gezer 47:216
• Judah post exilic 47:55-58
• Tel Miqne 50:208-210, 215-216, 218

• inscription(s) (see also texts, papyri, ostraca)

• Akkadian, at Ebla 47:19
• Ammonite 48:169-174
• Aramaic 47:186
• Assyrian 46:19-20, 27; 50:242, 244
• Black Obelisk 46:19-20
• Darius I 47:143-144
• Delos stele 47:44-45
• Die of Iahali 46:20, 27
• Ebla, bowl 47:19
• Edict of Sotidius 46:168
• Egyptian(s) 50:89, 91, 124-125, 174-175
• Gezer 50:171, 187
• Greek 46:168; 47:44-45, 155; 48:199, 201
• Hebrew 46:22; 49:51-55, 190
• Israelite Period 49:200-209
• Karnak 50:174-175
• Ketef Hinnom 49:190
• Kuntillet `Ajrud 49:190; 50:244-249
• Latin 46:168
• Mari 47:88-99
• Merneptah stele 50:89, 91
• Mesha 50:242, 244
• Naram-Sin of 48:25
• Nora Stone 47:140
• Rimush of 48:25
• Sargon of Akkad 47:138
• Sennacherib of 50:244
• Serabit el-Khadem 50:169
• Tel Sera` 50:90
• Tell Brak 48:25
• Tell Deir `Alla 47:106; 49:216-222; 50:242, 244
• Tell Gath 48:245
• Tell Siran 48:176
• Tiglath-pileser I 47:143-145
• Zimri-Lim 47:73

• Irahab-Damu 47:10
• Irenaeus, Bishop of Lyons 47:228
• Iron Age

• agriculture 50:178-191
• `Ai 50:93
• animal husbandry 50:188
• architecture 50:94-96
• art 46:56, 83-84
• artifact(s) 49:160
• Ashkelon 50:205
• Assyria and 46:82-88
• Bronze Age transition 50:86-90
• bullae 49:205
• Carchemish 46:86
• dwelling(s) 50:182
• fortification(s) 50:94, 201, 204, 206-208
• funerary stele(s) 46:83
• gate(s) 49:169
• Gezer 47:207-208, 214, 217; 50:99
• Hazor 50:92, 99
• Izbet Sarta 50:94
• Israelite(s) 50:98, 178-191
• Jericho 50:93-94
• Karatepe 46:86
• Khirbet el-Meshash 50:92, 94-95
• Khirbet Raddana 50:9 3
• Khorsabad 46:83-84
• Mari 46:82
• metallurgy 50:97, 183
• Palestine 50:84-100
• Philistine(s) 50:99
• pottery 50:96-97, 201-203
• seafaring 47:140
• seal(s) 48:170
• settlement patterns 50:92-100
• Shiloh 50:93, 188, 191
• Tel Dor 50:123
• Tel Isdar 50:94
• Tel Miqne 50:201-222
• Tel Sera` 47:50-51
• Tell es-Seba` 50:94
• Tell Halif 47:50-51
• Tell Qasileh 50:94
• Warka 46:82
• women and the 46:82-88
• Zincirli 46:83

• Isaac, E. 46:236
• Isaiah 47:58; 49:188
• Izbet Sarta

• Iron Age 50:94
• ostraca 50:97

• Ischali

• temple(s) 48:15

• Ishtar 46:82; 47:11, 79, 80, 86; 50:247, 249

• Zimri-Lim 47:71, 76

• Ishtup-ilum 47:79, 86
• Isis

• temple of 49:136

• Islam, Islamic

• Hellenism and 46:36

• Islamic Period

• artifact(s) 48:146
• Capernaum 46:202

• Israel, Israelite(s) 47:107; 50:84

• agriculture 50:178-191
• Ammon and 48:176-177
• Delos stele 47:44-45
• Egypt and 49:69-70
• fortification(s) 49:224-226
• four room house 49:226
• incense burner(s) 47:183-186
• Iron Age 50:98, 178-191
• Joseph 49:70-71
• king(s) 46:20; 47:104, 139-141, 184, 207;
• 48:86, 175-177; 49:54-55, 168, 172;
• 50:57, 60-61, 89, 99, 121, 205, 214, 244
• LB 49:69-70
• Mari and 47:102-104
• Philistine relations 50:214
• Phoenicia and 47:138; 48:176-177
• pottery 47:211
• prophets 47:94-95, 106
• Qarqar, battle of 46:19
• symbol(s) 48:174
• temple(s) 49:172
• United Monarchy in 49:166-173

• Israelite Period

• architecture 49:199
• bullae 49:200-209
• inscription(s) 49:200-209
• Jerusalem 49:196-209

• ivory

• Chalcolithic Period 49:92, 94
• Ebla 47:24, 28
• Jebel el-Arak 47:135

• Jabin 50:121
• Jackson, J. 46:149-150; 49:56, 58
• Jacob 46:155-164
• Jacobsen, T. 50:16, 141
• Jaeschke, R. 47:244
• James, H. 48:189
• Jannaeus, Alexander 49:4
• jar(s)

• alabaster 47:9
• Canaanite 50:75
• Ebla 47:21
• Egyptian 50:75-83
• Phoenician 50:75

• Jaubert, A. 49:149
• Jawa

• Chalcolithic Period 49:102
• EB 50:26

• Jean, C. 47:247
• Jebel el-Arak

• artifact, ivory knife 47:135

• Jebel Hamrim 48:31
• Jebel Mukkabir

• tomb(s) 46:152, 177-179

• Jebel Qa`aqir

• burial(s) 50:70-74

• Jebel Sinjar 48:26
• Jehoiakim 47:184; 49:51, 209
• Jehosaphat 47:139, 141
• Jehu 46:20
• Jemmeh 49:245-247
• Jeremiah 49:188, 191
• Jeremias, J 46:15
• Jericho 46:110, 115-116; 48:77; 49:84; 50:57

• burial(s) 46:147-149; 49:56-61; 50:72-73, 163
• EB 50:28, 31, 33-34, 36
• fortification(s) 46:57-61; 50:28
• Iron Age 50:93-94
• MB 46:59-60
• temple(s) 49:100

• Jeroboam

• I 49:169
• II 48:176-177

• Jerome, Saint 47:230; 48:91, 198; 49:32
• Jerusalem 46:95, 132; 47:199; 49:172

• acropolis 49:198
• arrowhead(s) 46:94
• Babylon and 49:199
• four room house 49:199
• Hellenism and 46:37
• Israelite Period 49:196-209
• Jason's Tomb 46:151
• plaster 49:199
• pottery 49:199-200
• second temple 47:253-254
• wall(s), MB 49:197-198

• Jesus Christ 48:198, 214

• as wisdom incarnate 46:12-14
• parables of 46:9, 12, 15-17
• sayings of 46:8-9, 11-12, 14

• Jew(s), Judaism

• art 47:168, 172-181
• Bar-Kokhba 48:74, 90
• burial(s) 46:111, 147-153; 49:56-60
• calender 49:149
• Christian(s) and 46:12-14; 49:26-36, 31-32
• coin(s) 48:108-121
• eschatology and 46:12
• Hannukah 46:23
• Hellenism and 46:36
• Maccabean(s) 47:213; 48:90, 96, 110-114
• Masorites 49:146-148, 150; 50:48
• Mattathais 48:90
• priest(s) 48:167
• Pseudepigrapha and 46:240-242
• Purim, festival of 46:19-27
• revolt(s) 48:68, 72-74, 90, 96; 49:5-6, 32-34
• Roman(s) and 48:112, 209; 49:7, 32-33, 142
• scribe(s) 48:86-87
• Second Temple Period 49:148-149
• synagogue(s) 47:166, 167, 172-176
• wisdom literature 46:12

• jewelry

• Ebla 47:24-29

• Joel 49:188
• Johanan

• coin of 48:167

• John the Baptist 48:198
• John, Saint 46:12

• Gospel of 46:9-10

• Jones, G.D. 49:166-167
• Jongeling, B. 49:231
• Josephus 46:238; 47:46, 141, 226-228, 253;
• 48:68, 70, 76, 78, 80-81, 91, 101, 109, 167-168, 198, 208, 211-213; 49:4-6, 148, 180, 182, 233; 50:105, 173

• Bar-Kokhba coin and 46:121, 123
• Caesarea and 46:133-143

• Josiah 48:175; 49:204-205
• Jubilees, Book of 47:226; 48:70
• Judah

• Jehosaphat 47:139, 141
• king(s) 47:55, 139, 141, 184; 48:94, 167, 175-177;
• 49:51, 172, 198, 204-205, 209;
• 50:121, 214, 216, 242, 244
• post exilic 47:55-58
• priests of 48:167
• symbol(s) 48:175

• jug(s)

• Ebla 47:24

• Julian 49:29, 32, 34
• Julius Caesar 47:148
• Jumper, E. 46:149-150; 49:56, 58
• Justin Martyr 47:229
• Kadesh-barnea 49:200
• Kahun 49:24
• Kaiser, W. 48:242
• Kalah 46:19, 21
• Kallai-Kleinmann, Z. 50:198
• Kamena

• burial(s) 49:24

• Kamis 47:9
• Kamose 50:174

• stele of 48:219

• Kanael, B. 50:106
• Kangas, S. 49:94
• Kaplan, L. 48:104
• Kaplony, P. 48:244
• Karageorghis, V. 50:123
• Karana

• king(s) 48:28

• Karatepe

• Iron Age orthostat 46:86

• Karge, P. 48:198, 204
• Karmir-Blur

• Scythians and 46:91-92

• Karnak

• inscription(s) 50:174-175
• temple(s) 48:218-221; 49:136-137

• Kasher, M. 49:237
• Kaufman, S.A. 49:216
• Kaufmann, S. 49:151
• Kautz, R.R. 49:166-167
• Kautzsch, E. 46:236
• Kefar Monash

• copper 48:246-248
• EB 50:33

• Keimer, L. 48:244
• Keller, F. 48:203
• Keller, W. 47:38
• Kempinski, A. 47:207-208
• Kenyon, K. 46:110; 47:207-208; 49:198;
• 50:24, 34, 72, 150-151, 154, 163
• Ketef Hinnom

• inscription(s) 49:190

• Khafajah

• temple(s) 48:18

• Khafre 47:9
• Khalab 47:247, 249
• Khatnurapi 48:28
• Khayaabum 48:18
• Khaya-sumu 47:248
• Khirbet al-Hajjar 50:101-104

• fortification(s) 50:101

• Khirbet Eiton

• caves 46:216

• Khirbet el-Marjameh 49:169
• Khirbet el-Meshash

• Iron Age 50:92, 94-95

• Khirbet et-Tannur

• incense burner(s) 47:185-186
• temple 46:249

• Khirbet et-Twein 49:169
• Khirbet Iskander

• fortification(s) 50:37

• Khirbet Jedur 46:217
• Khirbet Qumran (see also Dead Sea Scrolls)
• 48:68-69, 72, 74, 90-91; 49:140-142

• burial(s) 46:152; 48:87; 49:142
• cave(s) 48:68-70, 72, 74; 49:142-143, 148
• coin(s) 49:142
• pottery 49:144-145

• Khirbet Raddana

• Iron Age 50:93

• Khirbet Shema` 49:34
• Khorsabad

• art 46:83-84
• palace(s) 49:109, 111

• Khufu 47:9
• Killebrew, A. 49:56-60
• Kimhi, D. 49:188
• king(s)

• Abimelech of Gerar 49:119-121, 124
• Adad-nirari I of Assyria 47:107
• Adad-nirari II of Assyria 47:92
• Ahab of Israel 50:57, 60
• Ahaz of Judah 48:176-177
• Ahaziah of Israel 47:139
• Ahimilki of Ashdod 50:214
• Ahmose of Egypt 48:219
• Akhenaten of Egypt 47:207; 48:220; 49:43, 46, 48, 50
• Alexander Jannaeus of Judea 49:4
• Amaziah of Judah 48:176
• Amenhotep III of Egypt 49:46, 48-49
• Amminadab of Ammon 48:175
• Ammi-zaduga of Babylon 47:92
• Amud-pi-El of Qatna 47:93
• Ansud of Mari 47:89
• Antiochus IV of Syria 48:89, 91, 93, 96-97, 99
• Antiochus VII of Syria 48:110-111
• Apophis of the Hyksos 48:219
• Ar-Ennum of Ebla 47:10
• Artaxerxes III of Persia 48:167, 168
• Ashur-uballit I of Assyria 49:49
• Ashurbanipal of Assyria 46:86, 92, 94; 50:214, 216
• Ashurdan III of Assyria 47:92
• Ashurnasirpal of Assyria 47:161-162; 48:5
• Atamrum of Andariq 48:28
• Augustus Caesar of Rome 49:168
• Aziru of Amurru 49:48
• Ba`alyish`a of Ammon 48:169, 171-173
• Balak of Moab 49:218
• Caracalla of Rome 49:10
• Constantine I of Rome 48:198; 49:9, 27-28, 31
• Constantius II of Rome 49:7, 27, 29, 31
• Cyrus of Persia 49:218
• Darius I of Persia 47:143-144
• Darius III of Persia 49:206
• David of Israel 47:104; 49:168; 50:99, 121, 126, 205
• Den of Egypt 48:248
• Diocletian of Rome 49:31
• Djer of Egypt 48:248
• Eannatum of Lagash 48:30
• Ebrium of Ebla 47:10
• Esarhaddon of Assyria 46:92; 50:214, 216
• Galerius of Thessalonika 46:43-44
• Gungunum of Larsa 48:11
• Hadrian of Rome 48:211
• Hammurapi of Babylon
• 46:172; 47:71, 92-93, 116, 247, 249; 48:27, 32, 56
• Hattushilish III of the Hittites 49:47-48
• Hetepibre` of Egypt 47:27
• Hezekiah of Judah 48:167, 175; 49:172; 50:214, 242, 244
• Hiram of Tyre 47:139-141
• Horemheb of Egypt 49:48, 71
• Ibbi-Sin of Sumer 46:70
• Ibbi-Sipish of Ebla 47:10
• Igris-Halam of Ebla 47:10
• Ikausu of Ekron 50:214, 216
• Irhab-Damu of Ebla 47:10
• Jabin of Hazor 50:121
• Jehoiakim of Judah 47:184; 49:51, 209
• Jehosaphat of Judah 47:139, 141
• Jehu o